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1.
There appears to be a lack of information concerning responses of mules to natural infection or experimental inoculation with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). In the present study EIAV was isolated from mules, for the first time, and its pathogenicity in naturally infected and experimentally inoculated animals was investigated. Two naturally infected (A and B) and three EIAV free mules (C, D and E) were used for this purpose. Mule A developed clinical signs, whereas mule B remained asymptomatic until the end of the study. Mules C and D were each inoculated with 10ml of blood from mule A and developed signs of the disease; they were euthanatized or died at day 22 and 25 post-inoculation, respectively. Mule E served as a negative control. The virus was isolated from the plasma samples of mules with clinical signs of the disease (A, C and D), but not from the asymptomatic mule B. Both proviral DNA and viral RNA were amplified from blood and tissues of the infected animals by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). Antibodies were not detected in the two experimentally infected mules until their natural death or euthanasia. Clinicopathological and laboratory findings showed that, in mules, EIAV produced clinical signs similar to those observed in horses and ponies. Nested PCR proved to be a rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic method for the detection of EIAV, regardless of the disease stage.  相似文献   

2.
CSIRO 132 virus, which is new to science in Australia, and probably the world, has been isolated from Culicoides brevitarsis. Electron micrographs show that it resembles a rhabdovirus. Antibodies to the new virus have been detected in water buffaloes and cattle, but not in 58 human beings, 14 camels, 21 dogs, 67 goats, 15 horses, 43 pigs, 154 sheep, 98 wallabies or 38 possums. The distribution of antibodies in cattle lies within the distribution range of C. brevitarsis. It has not so far been associated with disease. The name Tibrogargan is proposed for the new virus.  相似文献   

3.
In the present study, 115 stray dogs (56 males and 59 females, mixed breed), 86 golden jackal (Canis aureus, 42 males and 44 females), 60 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, 33 males and 27 females), and three female wolves (Canis lupus) were examined for Echinococcus granulosus infection, as well as, 32,898 sheep, 10,691 goats, 15,779 cattle and 659 buffaloes for hydatid infection from five provinces in western Iran during 3 years (1997-2000). Meanwhile fertility rates of different types and forms of cysts isolated from infected animals and the viability of protoscolices were also determined. Results indicated that 19.1% of the dogs, 2.3% of the golden jackals and 5% of the red foxes were infected with Echinococcus granulosus. 11.1% of the sheep, 6.3% of the goats, 16.4% of the cattle and 12.4% of the buffaloes were also found to be infected with hydatid cyst. The cysts isolated from liver and lungs of the sheep show higher fertility rate than the cysts of liver and lungs of goats, cattle and buffaloes.  相似文献   

4.
Mycobacterium bovis is the cause of bovine tuberculosis (bovine Tb) in animals and is considered to be zoonotic and accordingly it infects humans, although cattle are the main host. Buffalo can also be infected and develop bovine Tb. In Iran, almost half a million buffaloes are farmed, mainly in three provinces. In West Azerbaijan, which has the largest numbers of buffaloes, cattle and buffalo are often farmed together. According to the reports of the Iranian Veterinary Organization over the last 25 years, there have been no reports of bovine Tb in buffalo, although the disease is often reported in cattle in this province. Eighteen and 140 pathology specimens from cattle and buffalo, respectively, collected from West Azerbaijani abattoirs were cultured. From one buffalo specimen out of 140, M. bovis was recovered, whereas the pathogen was isolated from 13 cattle specimens. Spoligotyping showed a relatively higher polymorphism within these isolates compared with M. bovis isolated from other Iranian provinces.  相似文献   

5.
Neosporosis in South America   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
This work gathers reports about Neospora-infections in South America. Neospora-infections have been reported from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay. Evidence of exposure to N. caninum was mentioned in cattle, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, water buffaloes, alpacas, llamas, South American opossums, wolves and other wild canids. No antibodies were found in horses. Interesting epidemiological and pathological data were described. Two isolations were performed from dogs, one from cattle, and recently five from water buffaloes. Since the cattle industry is important in South America and reproductive losses caused by Neospora-infection have been identified, more investigations are needed in order to understand its epidemiology and control the disease.  相似文献   

6.
In Nepal, mycobacterial isolates obtained from the milk and feces of buffaloes and cattle that were positive for the single intradermal cervical tuberculin (SICT) tests were genetically identified. A total of 36 mycobacterial strains were isolated from 39% of the buffaloes (14 of 36) and 34% of the cattle (11 of 32). Of the 36 strains, 13 were identified as M. bovis, and these strains were isolated from 17% of the buffaloes (6 of 36) and 16% of the cattle (5 of 32). M. bovis was isolated from both the milk and feces of one buffalo and one cattle, the milk alone of three buffaloes and three cattle, and the feces alone of two buffaloes and one cattle. These results suggest that milking buffaloes and cattle infected with M. bovis exist in Nepal. The remaining 23 strains were atypical mycobacteria. A program for the elimination of bovine tuberculosis should be implemented as soon as possible, and the public health education and proper hygienic practices may be required.  相似文献   

7.
The objectives of this epidemiological study on cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Morocco (2001-2004) were to update the prevalence of CE in different animal species living in the most important areas of the country and to collect protoscoleces and germinal layers for genetic research purposes. The post mortem inspection concerned 2948 sheep, 2337 goats, 618 cattle, 482 camels and 455 equines (325 horses, 60 mules and 70 donkeys) in five different regions: the Rif (Mediterranean coast and high mountains of the Rif), the Loukkos (Atlantic northwest plain), the center (Rabat and Casablanca regions), the Middle Atlas mountains and the south (arid and semi desert areas). The global CE infection prevalence rates obtained were 22.98% in cattle, 10.58% in sheep, 12.03% in camels, 17.80% in equines and 1.88% in goats. The infection rates were especially high in the Middle Atlas in cattle (48.72%) and in the Loukkos in cattle and sheep (37.61 and 31.65%, respectively). The majority of infected cattle (49.6%) and sheep (52.1%) had hydatid cysts in both liver and lungs. Except for cattle, the liver was more infected than lungs in all the other animal species. Animals more than 5 years old were the most infected in all species. The mean CE infection rates of these animals were about 56% in cattle, 40% in sheep, 20% in camels, 17.80% in equines and 7% in goats. These rates were much higher in the Loukkos (85% of cattle and 59% of sheep) and in the Middle Atlas (68% of cattle and 45% of sheep) than in the other regions. Results showed that Echinococcus granulosus is in an endemic steady state with no evidence of protective immunity in the intermediate hosts. The mean numbers of infections per year are 0.099 for cattle, 0.063 for sheep, 0.03 for camels and 0.010 for goats.  相似文献   

8.
Nineteen strains of Pasteurella spp., but no viruses cytopathogenic for bovine embryonic kidney cells were isolated from pneumonic lesions present in “normal” veal calves at slaughter.

In studies on two herds of native cattle and six lots of western feeder calves, Pasteurella spp. were isolated from nasal swabs from healthy cattle and those with shipping fever. Viruses of the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma group were isolated from nasal swabs from animals in five groups. Viruses provisionally identified as bovine enteroviruses were isolated from nasal swabs of calves in two lots.

There was serologic evidence of a temporal association of myxovirus para-influenza 3 (PI3) with shipping fever in three lots of calves. From two of these three lots, strains of PI3 were isolated from ten animals, four of which had clinical shipping fever at the time of virus isolation.

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9.
Tissue and serum samples from animals and man in Guangdong Province of the Peoples Republic of China were examined for Toxoplasma gondii infection. Tissues from 519 swine, 576 rodents, 84 people, one cat and two dogs were bioassayed in mice. T. gondii was isolated from 13 pools of swine tissues, but not from any other hosts. Serum samples from animals and man were examined at 1:64 dilution in the indirect hemagglutination test. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 10.4% of 816 pigs, 0.9% of 955 rodents, 0.7% of 3085 people, 4.4% of 90 cattle, 8.3% of 12 rabbits and 2.1% of 47 cats. None were found in 83 buffaloes.  相似文献   

10.
Mules, hybrids resulting from the mating of a horse mare (Equus caballus, 2n = 64) to a Jack donkey (E. asinus, 2n = 62), are generally infertile. Five horse embryos were transferred non‐surgically to two cyclic and one acyclic recipient mules. In the mares and cycling mules, oestrus and ovulation were induced with, respectively, d ‐cloprostenol and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The acyclic mule, on the other hand, received oestradiol benzoate when the embryo donor was showing oestrus and progesterone after the donor had ovulated and until pregnancy diagnosis. Non‐surgical embryo collections were attempted on day 7 after ovulation and recovered embryos were transferred transcervically into the mules’ uteri. Mules that became pregnant were blood sampled serially for equine chorion gonadotrophin (eCG), progestagen and total conjugated oestrogen concentrations until around 6 months of gestation. The three embryos transferred to the acyclic mule did not produce any pregnancies whereas both embryos transferred to the cycling mules resulted in the birth of live foals. The peak concentration and duration of secretion of eCG differed markedly between the two pregnant mules, although both animals appeared to develop secondary corpora lutea beyond day 40 of gestation, as in normal intraspecies horse pregnancy. Moreover, the rise in serum oestrogen concentrations from around day 90 was also similar to that seen in normal pregnant mares. Parturition occurred spontaneously on day 348 of gestation in both mules and the resulting colt foals developed normally to weaning. Thus, cycling mules can carry a horse conceptus after non‐surgical embryo transfer and give birth to a normal mature foal.  相似文献   

11.
Only limited information is available on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in domestic buffalos. In this study, a virulent BoHV-1 field strain isolated from cattle was inoculated into buffaloes to evaluate their susceptibility to the virus and to investigate the establishment of viral latency through clinical, virological and serological investigations. Latency was also studied by attempting viral reactivation using pharmacological induction. Six of seven male, 5 months old buffaloes were intranasally inoculated with BoHV-1; the other animal was kept as negative control. The animals were clinically monitored during the post-infection (P.I.) and the post-pharmacological induction (P.P.) periods. During these periods, nasal and rectal swabs, and blood samples, with and without anticoagulant, were collected at 2–3 day intervals. On culling the animals, 206 days P.I., their trigeminal ganglia and tonsils were collected. No clinical signs referable to BoHV-1 were observed throughout the experimental period. However, seropositivity was detected in all infected animals within day 20 P.I., using BoHV-1 glycoprotein E and glycoprotein B competitive ELISAs (IDEXX) and virus neutralisation test. In real-time PCR (RT-PCR), five of these animals were positive, at least once, for nasal or rectal swabs, during the P.I. period. The sixth infected animal was found positive only in the trigeminal ganglia after culling. Ganglia were also positive for two other animals. Virus isolation in permissive cell-lines was successful for a part of the RT-PCR positive samples. The detected viruses were confirmed by genetic analysis as identical to the inoculated strain. No evidence of infection was observed in the negative control. This study represents the first experimental transmission of BoHV-1 in buffaloes, confirming their susceptibility to infection and their possible role as host/reservoirs of BoHV-1.  相似文献   

12.
A SURVEY OF ANTIBODY TO AINO VIRUS IN CATTLE AND OTHER SPECIES IN AUSTRALIA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
SUMMARY A serological survey of healthy cattle in Australia showed that antibodies to Aino virus were present in serums from cattle in northern Australia and down the east coast as far as central New South Wales in 1975, 1976 and 1977, but occurred with a lower frequency than antibodies to Akabane virus. in contrast to the findings with Akabane virus, no neutralising antibodies to Aino virus were detected in serums from camels, dogs or horses. Antibodies to both viruses were detected in buffaloes and sheep, but not in humans or any of the Australian indigenous species so far tested. All positive serums originated from within the known range of Culicoides brevitarsis.  相似文献   

13.
Shen  Yonglin  Gao  Jinbao  Xu  Kuiwu  Xue  Ligang  Zhang  Yongmei  Shi  Baokun  Li  Dechang  Wei  Xubing  Selichi  Higuchi 《Tropical animal health and production》1997,29(4):19S-22S
Tropical Animal Health and Production - This article discusses the tick-borne babesiases which harm dairy cattle, buffaloes and dogs. In addition, the pathogen, vector, seasonal occurrence, hosts,...  相似文献   

14.
The mechanically transmitted haemoflagellate, Trypanosoma evansi causes 'surra', a wasting disease of domestic animals and is highly endemic in distribution in Southeast Asia. The detection of T. evansi is important for improving the epizootiological and animal health status of the region. The specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers constructed from T. evansi repetitive DNA sequences were studied in the present investigation. Using the assay, it was possible to amplify template DNA of T. evansi derived from buffaloes, camels and horses to a threshold sensitivity level of 0.5 pg and to detect DNA from as few as five organisms in 10 microliters crude blood samples. Following experimental infection of calves with 5 x 10(5) T. evansi, positive signals could be observed as early as 12 h post-infection. DNAs from two common haemoflagellates of cattle, Babesia bigemina and Theileria annulata were not amplified with the primers.  相似文献   

15.
Eight cattle immunized with cattle-derived Theileria parva Boleni stabilate together with six susceptible controls were released in Dombawera Game Park on the Highveld of Zimbabwe. This coincided with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphal activity. The cattle grazed together with African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) and were not treated against tick infestation. The nymphal tick infestation was high, and seven of the eight immunized cattle and three of the controls had severe and fatal reactions. Subsequently, two stocks of Theileria parva to be tested for their immunizing abilities were prepared-one from adult ticks which were fed as nymphs on one of the sick control animals (Dom 268) and the other from adult ticks collected from pastures grazed by buffaloes (Bv-1). Two groups of cattle were immunized with either the Dom 268-derived strain (eight animals) or the Bv-1-derived strain (four animals). These together with three non-immunized controls, were released in Bally Vaughaun Game Park in the Highveld, where buffaloes are present, during the season of nymphal tick activity. A third group of five cattle, immunized with stabilate Bv-1, and three non-immunized controls were released at the same site during the season of adult tick activity. The nymphal and adult tick infestations of the cattle were large and more than 2000 nymphs and 1000 adult ticks were counted per animal. Cattle were treated with a pyrethroid pour-on preparation to control the tick infestation and screw-worm strike. The immunized cattle in the three groups survived the theileriosis challenge for a period of 18 months, but the non-immunized control cattle suffered a severe and fatal theileriosis 19-23 days after being placed on the pasture.  相似文献   

16.
Summary This records some gut and blood parasites of sheep, cattle, buffaloes and camels in the Aswan Governorate of Egypt.  相似文献   

17.
The existence of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in domestic ruminants and camels in Sudan during 2008–2012 was investigated. Lung tissues and serum samples were randomly collected from sheep, goats, cattle, and camels at different areas of Sudan. A total of 12,384 serum samples were collected from clinically healthy 7413 sheep, 1988 camels, 1501 cattle, 1459 goats, and 23 gazelles at different areas in the Sudan. They were examined for PPR antibodies using competitive ELISA (cELISA). The overall detected seroprevalence of PPR in tested sera was 49.4%; seroprevalence values within species were 67.1, 48.2, 25.8, 2.1, and 21.7% in sheep, goat, cattle, camels, and gazelles, respectively. The highest seroprevalence (68.1%) was observed in sera collected from Darfur states, then the central states (54.3%). A total of 1276 lung tissue samples (623 sheep, 324 cattle, 220 camels, and 109 goats) were collected. The majority of lung samples were collected from clinically healthy animals that showed lesions on PM in slaughterhouses (95%) and during PPR outbreaks; samples were tested for PPR antigen using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA). PPR antigen was detected in 233 out of the 1276 tested samples (18.3%). Positive results were observed in samples collected from clinically healthy and diseased animals. The observed prevalence values in each species were 33.6, 21.1, 15.4, and 12.3% in camel, goat, sheep, and cattle, respectively. PPR antigen was detected in samples from different areas; however, the highest prevalence (63.9%) was found in samples collected from the eastern states, then Khartoum state (28%). Trials for virus isolation were done in different cell cultures. Out of 30 IcELISA-positive samples inoculated in primary bovine and ovine kidney cells, Vero cells, the PPR virus was successfully isolated from 15 (eight sheep, five camels, and two goats) samples in the three cell culture types. Using RT-PCR, PPRV nucleic acid was detected in all 25 IcELISA-positive tested samples.  相似文献   

18.

In order to isolate buffaloes herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) from latently infected water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), 16 buffalo heifers were selected from a herd. At first, animals were bled and their sera were tested by virus neutralization (VN) test, using bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). According to the results of VN test and dexamethasone injection (0.1 mg/kg BW) for 5 consecutive days, the examined buffaloes were divided into 4 groups. Vaginal and nasal swabs were daily collected from all buffaloes from day 0 to 10 days later. Based on the cytopathic effects in cell culture, a herpesvirus was isolated only from nasal swabs of three seropositive buffaloes which they had received dexamethasone. The nasal swabs of these three buffaloes were also positive in PCR, using primers specific for ruminant herpesviruses gD gene. The identity of the isolated viruses was determined according to partial amino acid sequences of gD, deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the PCR products. On the basis of sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis, and genetic distances, the three buffalo virus isolates were more closely related to BuHV-1 and BoHV-5 than to BoHV-1.

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19.
Since bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), known as bovine lentivirus, has been detected in dairy and beef cattle in various countries around the world, a prevalence study of antibodies to BIV and bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was conducted in draught animals in five provinces in Cambodia, where protozoan parasite infections were suspected in some animals. To clarify the status of draught animals including Haryana, Brahman, mixed-breed, local breed cattle and muscle water buffaloes, a total of 544 cattle and 42 buffaloes were tested, and 26.3 and 16.7%, respectively, were found positive for anti-BIV p26 antibodies determined by Western blotting. There were 5.3% positive for anti-BLV antibodies detected by immunodiffusion test among the cattle, but no reactors among buffaloes and no dual infection for both BIV and BLV was determined in this study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BIV-seropositive cattle were found to have BIV-provirus DNA, as detected by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent Southern blot hybridization. This is the first evidence for the presence of BIV and BLV infections in draught animals in tropical countries such as Cambodia. This wide distribution of BIV suggests its association with problems in animal health as reported worldwide, and that a primary BIV infection can predispose death of affected animals by other aggressive pathogens or stresses.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive phenotypic characterisation of 35 isolates of bacteria previously identified as haemolytic Pasteurella-Actinobacillus and obtained from cattle and sheep. DESIGN: The 35 isolates that had been obtained from Australian animals, 30 from cattle and five from sheep, were compared with reference strains of the five recognised species of the genus Mannheimia--M. haemolytica, M. glucosida, M. granulomatis, M. ruminalis and M. varigena. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the isolates could be confidently assigned to three species of the genus Mannheimia. Twenty-nine were M. haemolytica, with 25 being isolated from cattle and four from sheep. All but three of the bovine M. haemolytica were isolated from pneumonic lungs. Of the three remaining bovine M. haemolytica isolates, one was obtained in pure culture from a bovine milk sample and the other two as part of a mixed flora associated with a middle ear infection of a calf suffering mucosal disease. Of the four ovine M. haemolytica isolates, two were isolated in pure culture from milk and two, also in pure culture, from pneumonic lungs. Three bovine isolates were identified as M. granulomatis--one from a tongue abscess, one from a jaw abscess and one from a lung showing suppurative bronchopneumonia. Two bovine isolates were identified as M. varigena--one coming from an udder and the other from a spleen. The available diagnostic records provided no information on whether these isolates were associated with a disease process. The remaining isolate was obtained from an ovine tongue abscess and could not be assigned to a recognised species within the genus Mannheimia. CONCLUSION: The study represents the first time that M. haemolytica, M. granulomatis and M. varigena have been recognised as being present in cattle and sheep in Australia. Veterinary laboratories that encounter Pasteurella-Actinobacillus-like organisms from cattle and sheep should attempt as complete a characterisation as possible to help improve our knowledge of the disease potential of these organsims.  相似文献   

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