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橡胶树死皮（Tapping Panel Dryness,TPD）是天然橡胶单产提高的主要限制因子之一,给橡胶种植业带来严重危害。本研究利用定制橡胶树oligo芯片,通过提取死皮和健康橡胶树胶乳总RNA,标记并反转录成cDNA后与橡胶树oligo芯片进行杂交鉴定TPD相关基因,利用RT-PCR技术对芯片结果进行验证。对芯片数据分析结果显示,以2倍标准在死皮与健康橡胶树间筛选到26个差异表达基因,其功能涉及橡胶生物合成、细胞程序性死亡、细胞抗性及防御反应、活性氧代谢、DNA甲基化、泛素-蛋白酶体、信号传导、蛋白质合成、加工及转运等调控途径。进一步的RT-PCR验证结果表明,随机选取12个基因的表达模式均与芯片结果一致。本研究为大规模鉴定TPD相关基因和揭示TPD发生分子机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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橡胶树不同抗风品系木材比较解剖研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用光镜和扫描电镜对海垦１（ＨＡＩ－ＫＥＮＧ１）ＰＲ１０７,ＧＴ１,ＲＲＩＭ６００和ＰＢ８６５种不同抗风力的橡胶树品系的木材结构进行解剖学观察,描述木材结构的特征,以橡胶树木材的１３个主要组成分子特征－胶质纤维的分布及数量,导管长度,复孔率,导管弦径,导管密度,射线频率,单列射线高度,多列射线高度与宽度,纤维长度和宽度等因子,对不同抗风力的橡胶树进行比较,阐述了木材解剖特征与橡胶树抗风能力的关系。 相似文献
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橡胶树三倍体种质创制及生物学鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以人工诱导的橡胶树三倍体种质为材料,通过形态学、细胞学和分子生物学等方法对其进行鉴定.结果表明:橡胶树通过有性阶段诱导产生的2n配子与正常配子(1n)杂交可获得纯合三倍体,其无性繁殖后代倍性表现稳定,体细胞染色体数为2n=3x=54,三倍体细胞百分率达91.5％;RAPD及过氧化物同工酶分析表明,该橡胶树三倍体与热研7-33-97、RRIM600的亲缘关系较近,在分子水平存在较大的相似性,可判断热研7-33-97、RRIM600为该橡胶树三倍体杂交亲本来源. 相似文献
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牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合成酶(GGPS)和膜结合焦磷酸酶(V-PPase)是橡胶生物合成的重要调控酶.本研究通过双色荧光原位杂交技术对巴西橡胶树GGPS和V-PPase基因进行染色体定位,结果表明:GGPS基因位于巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’4号染色体的短臂上,基因位点距离着丝粒的百分距离为72.39.而V-PPase基因位于巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’10号染色体的短臂上,基因位点到着丝粒的百分距离为25.78.为橡胶树遗传育种及基因工程等提供分子细胞遗传学依据. 相似文献
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目前通过常规的试割测产进行橡胶树产量育种的方法,周期长且效率低,亟须改进。橡胶树次生乳管分化能 力是决定橡胶产量的关键因子之一,因此,次生乳管分化能力的早期预测对缩短橡胶树产量育种周期具有重要意义。 本研究采用分子生物学技术,割胶处理不同次生乳管分化能力等级的橡胶树种质的杂交后代,对水囊皮组织中的茉莉 酸生物合成关键酶基因、茉莉酸途径关键环节基因和橡胶生物合成关键酶基因等 20 个基因的表达模式进行分析,并将 基因表达与橡胶树种质次生乳管分化能力等级进行相关性分析。结果发现：茉莉酸生物合成关键酶基因 HbAOCa 和橡 胶生物学合成关键酶基因 HbHevb7 在割胶处理后上调表达,且与橡胶树种质的次生乳管分化能力等级相关性较好。该 方法可用于区分橡胶树种质间次生乳管分化能力的差异。研究结果不仅可以夯实橡胶树种质的乳管分化能力的早期预 测方法,而且可为开发次生乳管分化能力的相关分子标记提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献