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为防治危害北京地区柳树上的光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis)、薄翅锯天牛(Megopis sinica),采用对环境安全的天敌昆虫进行了生物防治试验。结果表明:在实验室的条件下,直接在光肩星天牛幼虫上接天敌的平均寄生率为63.33%,模拟自然木段释放花绒寄甲卵的为73.33%,直接危害木段的为76.67%。另外,可以寄生薄翅锯天牛1～3龄低龄幼虫,平均寄生率为63.33%,而不能在室内寄生4～5龄的幼虫。在林间条件下,释放花绒寄甲成虫,光肩星天牛的虫口减退率可达90.98%;释放花绒寄甲卵,光肩星天牛的虫口减退率达到80.82%。 相似文献
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释放花绒寄甲卵对光肩星天牛幼虫的防治效果 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
采用木块法饲养花绒寄甲成虫,然后将其所产的卵块保存在5℃恒温条件下,以确定低温保存后花绒寄甲卵的生活力、初孵幼虫的行为学和对光肩星天牛幼虫的寄生率,并比较林间释放花绒寄甲卵与树干打孔注药(氧化乐果)防治光肩星天牛幼虫的防治效果.结果表明:低温保存49天与花绒寄甲新产卵的孵化率没有差异,花绒寄甲1龄幼虫在室内可存活1～8天、平均2.26天,爬行速度为6.5～100 cm·h-1,平均25.23 cm·h-1,室内及林间释放花绒寄甲卵后其初孵幼虫均能找到光肩星天牛幼虫并进行寄生;如果温度和湿度适宜,按照每头光肩星天牛幼虫释放15～25粒花绒寄甲卵时其寄生率可达90%;树干打孔注药与林间释放花绒寄甲卵后光肩星天牛幼虫的虫口减退率均在85%以上,两者的控制效果基本无差别. 相似文献
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花绒寄甲是多种林木蛀干性害虫天牛的重要天敌。该文主要研究了替代寄主(大麦虫蛹和黄粉甲蛹)和寄主(松墨天牛幼虫)繁育及不同饲料(松墨天牛幼虫粉、大麦虫幼虫粉和黄粉甲幼虫粉)饲养对花绒寄甲成虫产卵及存活的影响。结果显示:将花绒寄甲初孵幼虫接种于大麦虫蛹,其平均成虫羽化率为77.22%;将花绒寄甲初孵幼虫接种于松墨天牛幼虫,其平均成虫羽化率为62.08%;单个大麦虫蛹及松墨天牛幼虫繁育出的花绒寄甲数量分别为4.63头和2.48头;而黄粉甲蛹由于表皮硬化过快,花绒寄甲初孵幼虫无法寄生。在相同饲养条件下,相比于松墨天牛幼虫,大麦虫蛹繁育的花绒寄甲成虫在一年的生长中存活率良好,两者单雌虫年均产卵量基本无差异。对以两者繁育的花绒寄甲成虫分别喂以不同饲料,各处理一年内成虫死亡率之间和全年产卵量之间差异不显著。表明大麦虫蛹是非常理想的花绒寄甲替代寄主,且大麦虫幼虫粉、黄粉甲幼虫粉和松墨天牛幼虫粉均可作为花绒寄甲成虫的饲料。 相似文献
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利用花绒寄甲防治锈色粒肩天牛 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
室内在器皿内和半自然条件下,利用花绒寄甲对锈色粒肩天牛进行寄生性试验,最佳效果分别达80%和86.67%。林间在山东泰安、聊城等地选取5处被锈色粒肩天牛危害的国槐行道树作为试验地,释放花绒寄甲成虫、卵块对锈色粒肩天牛幼虫进行生物防治试验。以天敌释放前后被害株虫口数为依据,对花绒寄甲的防治效果进行评价。林间各处理最佳防治效果为:单纯释放花绒寄甲成虫、卵块后,株虫口减退率分别为72.23%和71.67%,同时释放花绒寄甲成虫及卵块时,其株虫口减退率为82.64%。但3者间差异不显著。林间释放花绒寄甲成虫和卵块,对锈色粒肩天牛均有良好的控制效果。 相似文献
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花绒寄甲对松褐天牛的室内及林间寄生效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确花绒寄甲对松褐天牛的寄生效果,采用松褐天牛幼虫接种花绒寄甲幼虫、卵块,以及林间释放花绒寄甲成虫和卵卡的方法,研究花绒寄甲对松褐天牛室内及林间寄生效果。研究结果显示:每头松褐天牛幼虫接种6头花绒寄甲幼虫,平均校正寄生率为(85.39±4.61)%;每头松褐天牛幼虫接种花绒寄甲卵30粒,平均校正寄生率为(90.00±0.00)%。林间在松褐天牛危害的马尾松虫害木上,释放花绒寄甲成虫和卵卡,总校正寄生率分别为65.90%和54.74%。在室内条件下,花绒寄甲幼虫对于近距离处的寄主具有较强的寄生能力,而在林间,花绒寄甲对松褐天牛的寄生作用则受到多种因素的影响。 相似文献
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The Asian long-horned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis is a polyphagous xylophage native to Asia. This beetle is the most serious pest in the Three-north Areas of China. Dastarcus helophoroides plays an important role in biological control of the Asian long-horned beetle. In order to determine the probability of introducing this natural enemy to control A. glabripennis in the northwest of China, the overwintering survival of D. helophoroides in north China is a most important issue which should be understood. The overwintering place and survival of D. helophoroides were investigated respectively. The supercooling points of overwintering and laboratory strains of this parasitic beetle were assayed. The results indicated that most of this parasitic beetle chose the long-horned beetle pupa cell and the gallery as their overwintering place. A small proportion of them completed their overwintering process beneath the bark. Over 50% proportion of this beetle can complete the overwintering process successfully. Furthermore, the cold tolerance of overwintering strain was much stronger than that of the laboratory strain. These findings suggested that D. helophoroides can successfully accomplish the overwintering process in northwest of China. This might provide a support for introducing D. helophoroides to control the Asian long-horned beetle in these places. 相似文献
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光肩星天牛的新病原--天牛微粒子虫初步研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
杨树苗木繁殖容易 ,速生且适应性强 ,是我国北方和中原地区防护林和速生丰产林的首选树种 ,但由于光肩星天牛 [Ａｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｇｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓ(Ｍｏｔｓｃｈ .) ]和桑天牛 (Ａｐｒｉｏｎａｇｅｒｍａｒｉ (Ｈｏｐｅ) )等危害 ,仅三北地区 1 994年的发生面积就近 3 3× 1 0 5ｈｍ2 ,一期工程营造的防护林大多毁于天牛的危害 ,由于对该类害虫至今尚无简便高效的控制措施 ,现灾情总体上仍处于蔓延发展之势。因此杨树天牛的危害仍然是我国现有防护林和速生丰产林建设的最大威胁 (黄竞芳等 ,1 992 ;阎浚杰 ,1 992 )。长期以来… 相似文献
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Sarta longhorned beetle (SLB), Aeolesthes sarta Solsky, is an economically important pest of fruit and shade trees in central and east Asia. Choice, no-choice, and larval insertion experiments were conducted to determine SLB oviposition preference and larval host suitability on six hardwood tree species including Ulmus carpinifolia Borkh., Ulmus carpinifolia var. umbraculifera Rehd., Platanus orientalis L., Populus alba L., Salix alba L., and Fraxinus rotundifolia Miller subsp. persica (Boiss.), under laboratory conditions. In the choice and no-choice experiments, significantly greater numbers of eggs and living larvae, and greater mass of living larvae were found on U. carpinifolia and U. carpinifolia var. umbraculifera compared to those on the other tree species. In the choice experiment, oviposition did not occur on F. rotundifolia subsp. persica. There were a few eggs on P. alba but no living larvae. The mean mass of living larvae was lowest on P. orientalis. In addition, in the no-choice experiment significantly fewer numbers and mass of living larvae were found in P. alba and F. rotundifolia subsp. persica. In the larval insertion experiment, more larvae survived on U. carpinifolia and U. carpinifolia var. umbraculifera compared to the other trees. Larvae recovered from U. carpinifolia and U. carpinifolia var. umbraculifera weighed significantly more than larvae from the other trees. These results suggest that U. carpinifolia and U. carpinifolia var. umbraculifera are the most preferred and suitable hosts for SLB adults and larvae. Salix alba is an acceptable host for adult oviposition and a potentially suitable host for larval development. Platanus orientalis and P. alba are less suitable, and F. rotundifolia subsp. persica appeared to be unsuitable as a host for SLB. 相似文献
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The life history and feeding biology of the bamboo powderpost beetle Dinoderus minutus remain poorly understood because the beetles’ oviposition, development, and feeding take place inside bamboo culms. In this study, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was applied for continuous nondestructive analysis of larval feeding activity and development from the first instar to adult eclosion. Newly hatched larvae were inoculated individually into pieces of madake (Phyllostachys bambusoides) culms. AE hits were recorded using single AE sensors fixed onto the bamboo pieces. Generation of AE hits indicated that larval feeding activity had begun after inoculation. Based on the time course of the hourly AE hit rate, the larvae were feeding constantly during each instar, and feeding activity only ceased during periods of ecdysis and pupation. Half of the individuals examined underwent seven instars and the other half underwent eight instars. The time course of AE hit rate per 5 min exhibited periodic cycles, where continuous meals were separated by inactive phases of ca. 5 min, with an average dominant period of each instar ranging between 0.76 and 2.19 h. After correcting the AE data based on distance attenuation of AE waves, the tendency that AE amplitude increased as the larvae developed through ecdysis events became more apparent. AE monitoring continued after adult eclosion, and the feeding activity of the newly emerged adults continued almost ceaselessly during the Reifungsfrass period. 相似文献
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松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope) (又名松褐天牛、松天牛)属鞘翅目,天牛科,墨天牛属,是松属树种如马尾松(Pinus massoniana Lamb.)、黑松(P.thunbergii Parl.)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch)和思茅松(P. kesiya var. langbianensis(A.chev.)Gaussen)等的重要蛀干害虫,主要危害生长衰弱的树木或新伐倒木,造成松树枯死,同时还传播松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylopilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle)萎蔫病[1-2].松墨天牛在云南主要危害云南松,目前分布范围已经扩展到43县(市),并在部分地方成灾,加大了松材线虫病传入的可能性[3].松墨天牛在滇中地区1年1代,雌成虫在树干上咬出长椭圆刻槽,将卵产在刻槽中部的表皮层下,幼虫生长发育至一定阶段蛀入木质部, 在边材表面留下椭圆形的蛀入孔;蛀入木质部的幼虫在蛀道内取食,老熟幼虫在蛀道末端构筑蛹室化蛹,成虫从蛹室向外咬出近圆形的羽化孔爬出[4-5].松墨天牛是典型的钻蛀性害虫,调查和防治非常困难.前人曾经对松墨天牛在马尾松和思茅松上的分布规律进行了研究[6-8],但这些研究是某一时间段天牛的危害痕迹或幼虫在树干上的分布,对于天牛产卵刻槽、蛀入孔和羽化孔的数量关系,目前还没有相关报道.本文对松墨天牛的产卵刻槽、蛀入孔和羽化孔在云南松树干的垂直分布规律及其数量关系进行了调查分析,旨在为松墨天牛的林间调查和防治提供参考. 相似文献
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试验研究了饲毒龄期、饲毒浓度对舞毒蛾存活、幼虫体质量、虫尸质量和含毒量的影响以及饲毒时间对舞毒蛾含毒量的影响.结果表明:饲毒龄期和饲毒浓度对幼虫存活率和体质量增长均有不同程度的影响,饲毒龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,死亡时间越早,死亡率越高,体质量增长越缓慢;而且饲毒时龄期越小、饲毒浓度越高,虫尸质量也越小,其含毒量也越低.饲毒时间与含毒量成抛物线型,饲毒时间过短或过长,体内含毒量均较低.由于5龄幼虫饲毒后有78％以上个体发育至蛹期,不发生死亡现象,因此,室内增殖舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒时,应选取4龄初幼虫喂饲1.0×106 PIB·mL-1病毒为宜,接毒10d后开始收集饲毒幼虫. 相似文献
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The pale-winged gray moth, Iridopsis ephyraria (Walker), a native geometrid moth species found across eastern North America, has recently caused severe defoliation of eastern hemlock trees, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière, in south-central Nova Scotia, Canada. Field studies were carried out to develop sampling techniques that could be used to predict subsequent defoliation of mature hemlocks, which are too large to sample by conventional methods. Densities of newly emerged, first-instar larvae, estimated by sticky tape traps, explained 77% of the subsequent current-year shoot defoliation by I. ephyraria. Egg densities from foam oviposition traps and mid-instar larval densities from beating sheets were weakly and usually non-significantly related to defoliation. Therefore, foam oviposition traps could be used to qualitatively estimate egg densities of I. ephyraria, but first-instar larvae must be sampled with sticky tape if accurate predictions of hemlock defoliation are desired. 相似文献
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Larvae of Apriona germari (Hope), found widely in China, cause serious damage to trees and are difficult to control. Since some biological control
methods have not been applied effectively in the field, chemical control methods are used widely. Because of low cost, no
poisonous residues and relatively safe application, zinc phosphide sticks have been tested to control the larvae as a matter
of urgency. However, there were no criteria about the dosage and use. Given the characteristics of larvae tunnels on triploid
Populus tomentosa trees and the one-on-one way of using poison-fumigated sticks, the larvae were treated by three treatments with zinc phosphide
sticks. The treatments are as follows: inserting one stick into the first hole of the tunnel from bottom to top (T1), inserting
a stick into each of the lowest two holes (T2) and inserting one stick into the first and third hole from bottom to top separately
(T3). We cleared the frass around the holes and on the ground before inserting the sticks and blocking every hole with mud
for each treatment. After the fourth investigation was carried out, the larvae of CK were still active, and had caused serious
damage and emanated fresh frass from old and new holes. Some larvae treated with T1 and T2 were in an intermediate state,
but all of the larvae treated with T3 died completely and their old holes had healed. The results show that inserting zinc
phosphide sticks (the extent of dispersion of the sticks was 20%) is a feasible method to control A. germari (Hope) larvae in triploid P. tomentosa of pulpwood trees. Because there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) among the three treatments, we recommend that T1 should be used for economic efficacy. 相似文献
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竹林金针虫是南方竹林笋期最为重要的害虫之一,筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫是竹林金针虫的优势种群,应用绿僵菌防治具有重要意义。测定了3株绿僵菌对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫的毒力,并比较了毒土法和毒饵法两种施菌方式对绿僵菌致病力的影响。结果表明,平沙绿僵菌WP08菌株和金龟子绿僵菌30104菌株对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫具有明显的致病效果,在30 d的试验期内,校正累计死亡率分别为90.0%和66.3%,半数致死时间（LT50）分别为15.8 d和25.8 d;毒土法的校正累计死亡率略高于毒饵法,分别为60.1%和52.0%,LT50分别为22.6 d和28.0 d。金龟子绿僵菌LRC112菌株对金针虫无致病力。 相似文献
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The study of the life history dynamics of the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) is important because the beetles vector the pinewood nematode. The objectives of this study were to investigate
differences in beetle life history parameters between the two common host tree species in Turkey, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra. Relationships between the number of oviposition sites, holding time (time between log cut and oviposition), log moisture
content, log volume and area, and adult survivorship were evaluated. No significant differences were found between the two
tree species except adult density per m2. The holding time did not influence the number of oviposition sites, larval entry holes or adults for P. sylvestris. There was a negative correlation between the holding time and the number of oviposition sites for P. nigra. The number of adults emerged per log was correlated with the number of larval entry holes only for P. sylvestris. Only 12 and 15% of the initial cohort completed development and emerged as adults for P. sylvestris and P. nigra, respectively. Both tree species are equally suitable hosts for M. galloprovincialis development. We conclude that the high within-log mortality of beetles is a combination of resource quality and quantity
factors and intraspecific competition and cannibalism during larval development. 相似文献