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用对-二甲氨基苯甲醛作显色剂,采用分光光度法测定饲料中磺胺二甲基嘧啶,最小检测量为0.05mg/kg,平均回收率分别为99.2%,变异系数≤5%,且该方法具有操作简便、快速,试剂消耗少,结果准确、离散程度小等优点。 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法测定猪肉中氨基比林、安替比林和安乃近代谢物残留量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了一种可同时检测猪肉中氨基比林、安替比林和安乃近代谢物4-甲氨基安替比林药物残留的高效液相色谱-紫外检测法。猪肉样品经乙腈提取,加入Na2SO4盐析去杂质,MCX柱净化。色谱柱为Phenomenex Luna C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈和水(20∶80),流速1.0 m L/min,检测波长265 nm。结果表明,氨基比林、安替比林和4-甲氨基安替比林在50~2000 ng/m L范围内呈良好的线性关系,R2均大于0.999。方法的最低定量限为20μg/kg。氨基比林、安替比林和4-甲氨基安替比林在20~400μg/kg的浓度添加水平上,其回收率在60%~100%,批内、批间的相对标准偏差小于20%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高等特点,适用于猪肉中氨基比林、安替比林和安乃近代谢物残留检测。 相似文献
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测定盐霉素中间体效价的新方法——分光光度法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了分光光度法测定发酵液中盐霉素含量的方法.检测波长为520 nm,以无水甲醇为溶剂,3%香草醛溶液为显色剂,显色温度50 ℃,显色时间15 min,盐霉素浓度在20～120 μ/mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数0.999 9(n=6),回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.519%(n=9). 相似文献
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对—氨基苯胂酸是1994年农业部批准使用的一种抑菌促生长饲料药物添加剂。测定对—氨基苯胂酸含量的方法国内尚未见有报道。测定有机化合物中砷含量的方法有砷斑法，滴定法和分光光度法等。砷斑法为半定量法，不能准确测定砷含量；滴定法和分光光度法，则需要预先进行硝化，为间接法，操作复杂，污染环境，时间长，速度慢，因此，研究一种简单快速，直接测定对—氨基苯胂酸的分析方法，已成为生产、使用和监测该产品的迫切需要。为此，我们参考国外有关报道对用对—N，N—二甲氨基苯甲醛为显色剂，不经硝化直接测定对—氨基苯胂酸的分光光… 相似文献
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研究了分光光度法测定发酵液中盐霉素含量的方法。检测波长为520nm,以无水甲醇为溶剂,3%香草醛溶液为显色剂,显色温度50℃,显色时间15min,盐霉素浓度在20～120μ／mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数0．9999（n=6）,回收率为100．1％,RSD为0．519％（n=9）。 相似文献
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分光光度法测定盐霉素的含量 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
研究了分光光度法测定盐霉素含量的方法.检测波长为528 nm,以95%乙醇为溶剂,4%香草醛溶液为显色剂,显色温度70～74 ℃,显色时间40 min.盐霉素浓度在40～280 u/mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数0.999 6(n=6),回收率在100.1%～100.8%(n=5);RSD在0.8%～1.2%.本法适用于制药厂盐霉素生产的中间体质量控制. 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sex on the metabolism of antipyrine by measuring the antipyrine plasma clearance as well as excretion of three major metabolites in urine in cattle of different ages. The experiment was carried out on 10 female and 10 male cattle of Black and White breed. The antipyrine test was carried out at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 18 months of age for each animal (single dose of 10 mg/kg antipyrine were given intravenously). The concentrations of antipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine (4-OHA), 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) and norantipyrine (NORA) were measured in plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine (aVd) decreased significantly between 1 and 18 months of age, but mean aVd values observed in males and females were not statistically different. The experimental period was characterised by a steady decrease (statistically significant) in antipyrine half-life (t1/2beta). These values did not differ significantly between males and females under 12 months. In 12 and 18 month-old animals the antipyrine half-life in the females was significantly shorter than in the males. The systemic clearance (Cls) of antipyrine increased significantly between 1 and 18 months of age. No significant differences were observed between systemic clearance of antipyrine in males and females under 12 months. In 12 and 18 month-old animals the Cls values were significantly higher in females than in males. Following intravenous administration, recovery of antipyrine and its three main metabolites increased significantly with age. These values did not differ significantly between males and females under 12 month of age. In 12 and 18 month-old females the excretion of 4-OHA and HMA in urine was significantly higher than in males at the same age. The excretion of NORA and unchanged antipyrine in males and females did not differ significantly. The partial clearances of antipyrine metabolites (Cl(m)) increased significantly between 1 and 18 months of age. No significant differences were observed between Cl(m) values in males and females under 12 months of age. In 12 and 18 month-old females the partial clearances of 4-OHA and HMA were significantly higher than in males. The clearance of NORA was significantly higher in 18 month-old females than in males. In conclusion, we report a sex-linked difference in plasma antipyrine clearance and urinary excretion of the main metabolites of antipyrine in cattle over 12 months of age, the females being the more active metabolizers. 相似文献
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Antipyrine disposition in the dehydrated camel 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Z. BEN-ZVI M. RUBIN C. VAN CREVELD R. YAGIL 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1995,18(2):137-140
In the present study the effects of water deprivation in the camel ( Camelus dromedarius ) on the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine were assessed. A crossover design was used. The pharmacokinetics of antipyrine in adult and young camels were compared. Antipyrine was administered intravenously to young and adult female camels when water was available ad libitum and to the adult camels after 14 days of dehydration. The elimination half-life of antipyrine in watered adult camels was 136.5 ± 16.7 min. The half-life of elimination and the mean residence time of antipyrine were significantly prolonged following dehydration. The observed effects of water deprivation were not a function of age, as the pharmacokinetic profile of antipyrine in young camels was similar to that of the adults, but more likely due to the changes in oxidative metabolic capacity of the liver as a result of a reduced general metabolism. The results of the present study also show that the intrinsic clearance of antipyrine is proportional to the camel's body weight, as previously shown for other mammalian species. 相似文献
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After intramammary application of 3 g antipyrine dissolved in 30 ml distilled water into each quarter the absorption of antipyrine from the udder proceeds as a first order reaction. As the injected amount is known as well as the amount of antipyrine milked out about 1 hour later can be determined, it is possible to calculate the amount absorbed at any time between injection and emptying.It is shown, that the concentrations of antipyrine in the blood from the jugular vein and external pudic artery are identical after intramammary application of antipyrine. In experiments on lateral recumbent cows it is shown that the venous blood returns from the udder via both the subcutaneous abdominal and the external pudic veins. In the standing cows blood samples were drawn from the jugular and the subcutaneous abdominal veins. The blood samples from the subcutaneous abdominal veins were drawn during manual compression of the external pudic veins to get representative concentrations of antipyrine in the total venous blood from the udder. On account of the amount of antipyrine absorbed and the difference in antipyrine concentrations between the subcutaneous abdominal veins and the jugular vein the mammary blood flow in lactating cows was found to vary between 22–101 ml/min. per 100 g gland tissue.The possibility of calculating the mammary blood flow after injection in two glands only — while the two remaining glands might be used for other studies — is shown and discussed. The influence of the individual differences in the venous anastomoses on the results is discussed, and a procedure is described to select cows suitable for experiments on mammary blood flow. 相似文献
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Single doses of 15 mg kg−1 antipyrine were given intravenously to 10 female calves of the black and white breed at one, two, four, six, eight and 12 weeks of age, and the concentrations of antipyrine, 4-hydroxyantipyrine (4-oha), 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (hma) and norantipyrine (nora) were measured in plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography. The first three months of life were characterised by a steady decrease in the apparent volume of distribution (aVd) and half-life (t0.5) of antipyrine. The systemic clearance (Cls) of antipyrine per unit bodyweight increased significantly between one and 12 weeks of age. Age did not influence the excretion of hma and nora in urine, but the excretion of 4-oha by 12-week-old calves was significantly greater than by one-week-old calves. There was an age-related change in the partial clearances of the antipyrine metabolites when expressed per unit bodyweight. 相似文献
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B. O. DEPELCHIN S. BLODEN M. ANSAY 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1987,10(1):49-53
The influence of four drugs on antipyrine pharmacokinetic parameters was studied after 3 h, 2 and 6 days in 32 Friesian calves. Dexamethasone phosphate and griseofulvin led to increased antipyrine elimination. The effect of dexamethasone remained significant 2 and 6 days later. The rate of antipyrine elimination was markedly but transiently depressed by chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline. The apparent volume of antipyrine distribution remained unaltered during treatment. 相似文献
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In domestic animals relatively little is known about the functions of hepatic microsomal enzymes and their role in biotransformation. In this study, antipyrine was used to assess microsomal oxidative function and particularly to determine the effect of age, sex and breed on drug metabolising enzymes. At birth, the elimination rate of antipyrine was very low as reflected by a half-life of 24 hours. The first two months of life were characterised by a steady decrease of antipyrine half-life values of three to four hours being reached at six months. The decrease observed during early life was not identical in the two breeds used in this experiment. By six months the Friesian calves eliminated antipyrine twice as fast as the Blue White Belgian (BWB) breed: 2.1 +/- 0.3 hours and 4.9 +/- 0.3 hours, respectively. The BWB breed is characterised by muscular hypertrophy and by a relative imbalance in muscle:body ratio. The apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine did not vary with age, sex and breed. No differences in antipyrine clearance were found between male and female calves. 相似文献
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The rates at which pentobarbital, salicylate, antipyrine, and quinine were transferred from the rumen of intact, conscious goats were measured. The rates at which the same drugs diffused from the blood plasma (under conditions of constant drug concentration) into the ruminal solution were also evaluated. These compounds were absorbed by simple diffusion, and the rates of transfer were a function of pH of the intraruminal solution. The diffusion of drugs from plasma into the reticulorumen allowed steady-state distributions to be established in some goats. The theoretical and observed steady-state distributions were compared. There were good correlations for pentobarbital and antipyrine, but not for salicylate and quinine. These findings confirm in vivo the general principles of drug transfer across ruminal epithelium that were derived from previous studies conducted in vitro. 相似文献
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Healthy adult male desert sheep were experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica , to investigate the influence of experimental fasciolasis on the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine. Each animal received 500 metacercariae orally. The experimental infection was confirmed histologically, by detection of Fasciola eggs in faeces and by measuring the activities of the enzymes sorbitol dehydrogenase (SD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in plasma during the course of the disease. Changes in the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and sulphadimidine were reported in the experimentally infected animals. Significant prolongation of antipyrine half life was observed 16 weeks after infection. The half-life of sulphadimidine was also significantly prolonged 5, 9 and 16 weeks after infection. Clearance of the sulphonamide was decreased significantly 5 and 9 weeks after infection and it regained its pre-infection value 16 weeks after infection. 相似文献
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The effect of chronic Fasciola hepatica infection on the metabolism of antipyrine, a marker of microsomal oxidative metabolism, was investigated in male water buffaloes dosed daily with 60 F. hepatica metacercariae over 20 days. The plasma elimination half-life of antipyrine was significantly elevated by 23% at 11 weeks postinfection (p.i.) but did not significantly differ from the control period at 20 weeks p.i. The systemic clearance of antipyrine decreased by 48% at 11 weeks p.i. and then returned to normal. The renal clearance for each of the main antipyrine metabolites decreased at 11 weeks p.i. (hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA), -42%; norantipyrine (NORA), -58%; and 4-hydroxyantipyrine (OHA), -70%) and did not significantly differ from the control period at 20 weeks p.i. These findings indicate that experimental subclinical fasciolosis leads to altered antipyrine kinetics and to an inhibition of the different antipyrine metabolic pathways in water buffaloes. 相似文献
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Effect of gonadal hormones on the plasma clearance and metabolite formation of antipyrine in the dwarf goat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. F. WITKAMP S. M. NIJMEIJER H.J. KOLKER J. NOORDHOEK A.S.J.P. A. M. VAN MIERT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1993,16(2):164-173
The effect of gonadal hormones on the plasma elimination and urinary metabolite profile of antipyrine was studied in dwarf goats. Female goats were treated with testosterone and male goats were treated with 17β-oestradiol. Castrated males were treated with either testosterone or 17β-oestradiol. Antipyrine (25 mg/kg, i.v.) was given both before and after the hormonal treatments. The effects of the hormonal status on the plasma elimination of the parent compound were not consistent. This was possibly due to the fact that formation of the main metabolite of antipyrine in the goat, 4-hydroxy antipyrine (OHA), was not affected by sex or hormonal treatment. On the other hand, there were clear effects of hormonal status on urinary excretion of the three other metabolites. In females and castrated males testosterone suppressed the formation of norantipyrine (NORA), 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine (HMA) and 4,4'-dihydroxyantipyrine (DOHA). Intact males produced smaller amounts of these metabolites than females. It is concluded that distinct xenobiotic metabolizing pathways exist in the dwarf goat, which are influenced in their activity by gonadal hormones. This confirms previous findings in rats and mice. The possibility that sex hormones influence drug metabolism in food-producing animals could have consequences for veterinary therapeutics and public health. This study also demonstrates that, when using the antipyrine test for the assessment of hepatic drug metabolism, it is very important to include the determination of metabolites. 相似文献