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1.
Summary Ploidy polymorphism occurs in the hybrid offspring derived from interspecific crosses between triploid plantains (Musa spp. AAB group) and diploid bananas (M. acuminata). Therefore,Musa breeders are interested in the determination of ploidy and its effects on phenotypic expression of quantitative traits. The aim of this research was to examine the reliability of stomatal and other phenotypic traits to determine ploidy in segregating plantainbanana hybrid families. Stomatal density and size were significantly correlated (P<0.01) with ploidy, although the correlation coefficients were not high (r=–0.49 and r=0.47, for stomatal density and size, respectively). High density of small stomata was correlated with low ploidy level, and vice versa. However, stomatal size and density were also influenced by a significant genotype effect (P<0.001) within the same ploidy level. Ploidy had an important effect on fruit traits and plant height in the hybrids of Obino l'Ewai×Calcutta 4, but this was not so clear in Bobby Tannap×Calcutta 4 hybrids. Obino l'Ewai derived tetraploids have medium to tall plants with large bunches and big fruits. Most of the tetraploids derived from Bobby Tannap have short stature due to the gene action of the dwarf,dw, allele. Also, a few selected diploids derived from Bobby Tannap outyielded their non-selected tetraploid full-sibs. In conclusion, chromosoem counting remains the only accurate proof of ploidy levels inMusa germplasm.  相似文献   

2.
J. Salinas  C. Benito 《Euphytica》1983,32(3):783-790
Summary The 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) zymogram phenotypes of wheat, rye and their aneuploid derivates were determined. At least three genes involved in the production of 6-PGD isozymes were located on chromosome arms 4RL, 6RL and 2RL of Imperial rye, King II rye and Dakold rye. Evidence was obtained that at least one gene located on chromosome arm 5RS controls G-6-PD isozyme activities in these varieties of rye and one gene involved in the production of GDH isozymes was located on chromosome arm 2RS of Imperial, King II and Dakold rye. The results indicate that the 6-PGD isozymes exist as dimers and monomers. No possible structure of the G-6-PD and GDH could be determined.  相似文献   

3.
Summary Seedcoat colour in greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.) is a useful marker for genetic studies and varietal identification. Its mode of inheritance was examined in five crosses among nine parents which differed for seedcoat colour. Four of the parents had sap green seedcoat colour while the others had raw sienna, brownish green, densely black spotted, black and greenish yellow seedcoat colour, respectively. At the F2 generation, no more than 20 different colour classes were observed. The segregation in F3 and backcross generations indicated that at least five major genes were involved in seedcoat colour inheritance. Sap green seemed to be dominant over raw sienna. The segregation ratios further indicated the role of non-allelic gene interactions (epistasis) in inheritance of seedcoat colour. Gene symbols were assigned to each colour and genotypes to each parent.  相似文献   

4.
Summary The genetic nature of low capsaicin content in variant strains induced by grafting was elucidated by crossing the G5S23 strain with the two cultivars, Yatsubusa (Capsicum annuum L. var. fasciculatum Ilish) and Spanish Paprika (C. annuum L. grossum Sendt) originally used for grafting. Decreased capsaicin synthesis was a stable characteristic for at least several generations from G5S16 to G5S23 and was transmitted to the progenies of crosses. This fact shows that the decreased capsaicin synthesis is a genetic trait in the graft-induced variant strains. The genetically dependent characteristic of pungency of the G5S23, Yatsubusa and Spanish Paprika were analysed by High Perfomance Liquid Chromatography measurement and tasting assay.Cross experiment between the G5S23 strain, hot parent Yatsubusa and sweet parent Spanish Paprika showed that pungent and sweet for pungency chracteristics are generally controlled by at least two pairs of genes. Although segregation of capsaicin content and pungency was clearly demonstrated in F2 progenies from reciprocal crosses between the G5S23 strain and Spanish Paprika, F2 progenies from reciprocal crosses between G5S23 and Yatsubusa were all hot and did not develop low capsaicin plants.  相似文献   

5.
E. Floris  J. M. Alvarez 《Euphytica》1995,81(2):181-186
Summary The inheritance of resistance of three melon lines to Sphaerotheca fuliginea race 1 has been studied. Negro possesses one dominant gene for resistance. Resistance in Amarillo is mainly controlled by one gene, and resistance in Moscatel Grande seems to be controlled by two genes. These four genes are different from each other and allelism tests showed that the gene present in Negro is different from those described before in PMR5, PI 124111 and PI 124112. The main gene present in Amarillo is different from those carried by PMR5 and PI 124111 and the two genes carried by Moscatel Grande are different from the one present in PMR5.  相似文献   

6.
Summary Cultivars tolerant to low temperature during the germination and emergence stages and carriers of the grain quality standards demanded by consumers are needed to increase the success of irrigated common bean in Southern Minas Gerais State. To study the genetic mechanisms controlling these traits and assess the possibility of generating the desirable materials, a diallel cross involving ten cultivars including introductions and pure lines from the breeding program of ESAL was carried out. Speed of germination of the F2 generation from the crosses was assessed under laboratory conditions at 12°C. The diallel analysis was carried out using Griffing's method IV (1956) and predictions of the cross potential were made by the methodology developed by Jinks & Pooni (1986). The results indicated that the parents differed in germination speed at low temperatures with Small White, A-488 and Rio Vermelho being the most tolerant and Carioca, ESAL 591 the most sensitive. No effect of the reciprocal crosses was observed either for germination percentage or germination speed. The parents A-488, Small White and Rio Vermelho showed the greatest general combining ability. Additive genetic effects predominated for both traits. Our results suggest that cold tolerance can be bred successfully into commercially acceptable cultivars.  相似文献   

7.
Summary Sugar beet-besides fodder beet, red beet, and chard-belongs to Beta vulgaris L. After it had been confirmed that the sugar of Beta beet is chemically identical with cane sugar, ACHARD started experiments on the production of sugar from fodder beet. He noticed that conical white beets seemed to have the highest sugar content. This first sugar beet, the Weiße Schlesische Rübe, is considered the ancestor of all sugar beets of today. It has been, and continues to be supposed that it had originated from crossings between typical fodder beet and chard. Hints in the literature about possibilities to resynthesize sugar beet by crossing fodder beet with chard were confirmed in the author's own trials; the F2 from the crossing fodder beet Rote Walze x chard Lukullus segregated forms and colour variants largely corresponding to sugar beet. Such new sugar beets are not only important from a theoretical point of view; breeders are interested in new types, too. The synthesis of sugar beet is interpreted from a genetic point of view.  相似文献   

8.
G. Kleijer 《Euphytica》1984,33(1):107-112
Summary Genetic and cytogenetic studies were done on a male sterile mutant of the wheat variety Probus. Association of the 4A chromosome carrying the ms gene was studied in the F1 of the male sterile Probus with Chinese Spring ditelo 4AS, with Transec and with line T4AS-DRS respectively. The presumption that the genetic male sterility of the mutant was due to a terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4A could be confirmed.Linkage studies showed that the ms gene was at 17 map units from the dwarfing gene (Rht3) of Minister dwarf. This allows selection of short male sterile plants at the seedling stage.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity has been determined in apple landraces and cultivars, based upon restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) for several mitochondrial genes. Our analysis includes three cultivars, Golden Delicious, McIntosh and Delicious, which represent the various patterns of mtDNA polymorphisms previously described (Ishikawa et al., 1992). A total of five RFLPs were detected, allowing classification of the apple genotypes into four cytoplasmic groups: GroupI, Golden Delicious-type; GroupII, McIntosh-type; GroupIII, Delicious-type; and Group IV, Dolgo Crab-type. European landraces and cultivars were assigned to Groups I, II, and III, while chinese crab apples were placed in either Group III or IV.  相似文献   

10.
Summary Fourteen cultivars, one F1-hybrid and one half-wild type (Cind) of sweet pepper were tested on resistance to glasshouse whitefly. Several mutually significant levels of resistance were found. Most resistant appeared to be California Wonder, Severka M, Korál and Yolo Wonder. During the test sweet pepper plants were infested both with whiteflies and their parasite — Encarsia formosa, which caused the blackening of whitefly puparia. The blackened puparia are easily seen, enabling an easier and more rapid evaluation of the number of puparia present.  相似文献   

11.
Summary The inheritance of resistance to Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), in two resistant barleys, Hordeum vulgare L., ASE/2CM//B76BB and Gloria/Come, was studied in the field and in the greenhouse. The resistant genotypes were crossed with susceptible genotypes Esperanza and Shyri. Resistance reactions of F1, BC1, and F2 plants, and individual F2 plant derived F3 families indicated that resistance in each genotype was controlled by the same single dominant gene.  相似文献   

12.
G. C. Eizenga 《Euphytica》1987,36(1):175-179
Summary Chromosome associations of 44 tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb., 2n=6x=42) plants derived from anther-panicle culture of Kentucky 31 were evaluated to determine if new genetic stocks could be identified. Seventeen of the plants were euploids (21 II), two were monosomic (20II+1I), 22 were double monosomic (19II+2I) and three were triple monosomic (18II+3I). Zymograms were obtained for phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), acid phosphatase (ACPH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD). The zymograms were identical for GOT, ACPH, and 6-PGD but different patterns were found for MDH and PGI in some of the double monosomics and euploids from a different piece of callus than the majority of the plants.Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station. Scientific Journal Series No. 86-3-61.  相似文献   

13.
C. Lanaud 《Euphytica》1988,38(3):221-228
Summary The origin of haploid plants of cacao was studied using morphological and enzyme markers. Analysis of 250 haploids arising either from controlled crosses or from open pollination in a biclonal seed-garden showed the existence of several types. They could be either or in origin, or chimaeric haploids or diploid/haploid chimaeras. In the majority of cases these chimaeras, visible at the cotyledon stage, were not maintained at the level of foliage, where only one genotype was observed. Studies of the haploid/diploid chimaeras show that the diploid part could be heterozygous and thus correspond to the fusion of the two parental gametes occurring after gametic cell divisions have produced haploid tissue. This phenomenon of semigamy could be facilitated in cacao by its particular system of self-incompatibility.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Stylar proteins in 6 cultivars of Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) with different self-incompatibility alleles were examined by isoelectricfocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IEF-PAGE). Cultivars used involved 1 self-compatible mutant Osa-Nijisseiki obtained from Nijisseiki (S2S4). Banding patterns of proteins were almost the same among the 6 cultivars except for 3 bands; one of which associated clearly with self-incompatibility S2-allele (hereafter the protein referred to as S2-protein) and was easily detectable because of its large amount and its pI value differed from many other proteins. Two other bands were seemingly associated with S3- and S4-alleles, respectively. The S2-protein was apparently present in the styles of Osa-Nijisseiki.The inheritance of S2-protein was studied by using 15 selfed plants of Osa-Nijisseiki. Eight out of 15 plants possessed the S2-protein as a major component of the stylar proteins and 3 plants as a minor component. The remainder 4 plants did not have the protein. This result may support that the S2-protein is the actual S2-gene product.Abbreviations IEF-PAGE isoelectrifocusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - CBB Coomassie Brilliant Blue  相似文献   

15.
Summary Inheritance of raw cucumber fruit texture (Magness-Taylor Fruit Pressure Tester firmness) was investigated over a 4-year period from 1971–1974. Results from 2 separate but related experiments suggested that firmness was quantitatively inherited with sufficient additive effects to permit gain from selection. In a selection study within 4 F2 populations derived from crosses between firm (Chipper and Gy3) and soft (Mincu and Green F) fruit type cultivars, variation among and within F3 and F4 families was significant but overall family means were not significantly higher than the high parent in any of the 4 crosses. Narrow sense heritability estimates for fruit texture were 0.80 in the Mincu × Chipper population and 0.77 in the Green F × Chipper, Mincu × Gy3, and Gy3 × Green F crosses. In a separate experiment, generation means analysis was used to assess the mode of gene action in 2 crosses: Green F × Chipper, and Gy3 × Green F. Additive genetic effects accounted for 98.8% and 99.3% of the total genetic variation within each cross, respectively.Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 9794.  相似文献   

16.
H. J. Crofts 《Euphytica》1989,44(3):225-234
Summary An international survey of wheat breeders and scientists was conducted to determine whether there was a common understanding of the term winter wheat. Response to photoperiod was mentioned by only seven of the 30 survey respondents. It was consequently suggested that it be excluded from any definition. Response to vernalization was mentioned by 28 of the 30 respondents. However, there was considerable variation in the method of quantifying this response and the degree of response necessary for wheat to be called winter. It was concluded that the only objective and internationally consistent definition of winter wheat was a genetic definition based on the complement of Vrn genes a wheat possesses. Varieties not possessing any of the dominant Vrn alleles appear to take a distinctively longer and more variable time to head when grown under non-vernalizing, long day conditions. These are genetically winter wheats.  相似文献   

17.
Summary Strawberry cultivars, Redcoat and Veestar, propagated by meristem culture (MC), callus culture (CC) and direct shoot regeneration (DR) from leaf disks were compared for their vegetative and reproductive characters with standard runner (SR) propagated plants under field conditions. In the planting year, in vitro propagated plants of both cultivars had the same number of leaves as SR plants, but in vitro propagated Redcoat produced fewer stolons per plant than SR plants. However, in the following year, in vitro propagated mother plants of both cultivars had more leaves and higher runner production than SR mother plants. Flowering and fruiting behaviour of Veestar was not appreciably influenced by in vitro propagation methods. However, in vitro propagated plants of Redcoat flowered earlier and produced more flowers and fruits than SR plants, but still maintained normal berry weight. Among in vitro propagated plants, DR plants of Redcoat were the earliest to flower, whereas MC plants produced more flowers and fruits. The field performance of the first daughter plants derived from the in vitro propagated plants was consistent with their respective mother plants. Leaf shape of both cultivars was not altered by in vitro propagation. Phenotypic abnormalities were mainly confined to occurrence of yellow leaf variants in MC and CC plants and occasional appearance of plants with irregular flowering and growth habit among CC plants.NRCC No. 38004  相似文献   

18.
Summary Pollinating apple cultivars twice with compatible pollen at an interval of one or two days produced about twice as many seeds per pollinated flower as a single pollination. With the aid of scab- or mildew resistant marker pollen, it could be shown that the second pollen formed on average twice as many seeds as the first. The first pollen appears to pave the way-partly at its own cost-for the second and was therefore called pioneer pollen.  相似文献   

19.
Summary The segregation of RFLP and RAPD markers was compared in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding populations from the cross Topas x R4, the latter being a low linolenic mutation line. A total progeny of 68 F2 and 40 microspore derived plants were studied with 25 markers. The results indicated a significant excess of Topas alleles at five RAPD loci in the microspore derived population. This suggests that genomic regions which probably affect microspore culture ability do not have identical distribution in the two population types.  相似文献   

20.
Summary OSU 5062, a green bean line with a tendency for pods to become creasebacked (wider than deep) in cross-section, was crossed to near-round-podded cultivars Oregon 83 and Slenderette, oval-podded Bountiful, and flat-podded Roma, to further clarify the inheritance of pod cross-section. Differences among generations in pod cross-section index (PCS), calculated as pod width/depth, were small in the near-round x creaseback crosses (1.07 and 1.01 for Oregon 83 and Slenderette versus 1.20 for OSU 5062). Bountiful (0.63) and Roma (0.50) differed to a greater extent from 5062. Generation means of individual plant PCS of the F1 and F2 were almost identical, were almost exactly intermediate between parents, and strongly supported additive inheritance. Backcross data generally supported additive inheritance, but in some cases indicated degrees of dominance of higher PCS. A generation means analysis indicated additive gene action, but deviations from an additive-dominance model were significant in each cross.  相似文献   

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