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1.
玉米尾孢菌,弯孢菌叶斑病发病规律初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尾孢菌 (Ｃｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｍａｙｄｉｓ)和弯孢菌(Ｃｕｒｖｕｌａｒｉａｌｕｎａｔａ(Ｗａｋｋｅｒ)Ｂｏｅｄｉｊｎ)叶斑病均为发生在玉米叶片上的病害。 1996年辽宁省部分地区严重发生玉米弯孢菌斑病(拟眼斑病 )和尾孢菌斑病 (灰斑病 ) ;1997年作物生育期间高温多湿 ,庄河地区玉米普遍发病 ,其中沈单 7号、掖单 13号、东试 7号等品种表现较为严重 ;1998年发病比上一年稍轻 ,玉米叶斑病主要表现为拟眼斑病和灰斑病 ,发生也较重。拟眼斑病和灰斑病可使玉米减产 10 %～ 2 0 %,个别严重地块减产可达2 5 %～ 30 %,所以研究玉米尾孢菌、弯孢… 相似文献
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茉莉炭疽病在茉莉产区普遍发生,福建、广西、安徽和湖南等省5～8月份发生较重,为害叶片引起病叶脱落,严重时导致秃枝。1症状该病主要为害茉莉中上部成熟叶片,嫩梢、枝干及花蕾有时也发生。叶片上病斑最初从叶尖或叶缘始发,形成褐色的"V"字或半圆形病斑,后期病斑上有许多小黑点,潮湿时产生粉红色的黏稠物(图1～图3)。枝干上病斑初为浅褐色,扩展后呈灰白色不规则形斑块,并包围枝干,病斑有时达4.0cm,枝上嫩梢、叶片枯萎死亡。2病原茉莉炭疽病由Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz引起的。茉莉炭疽菌的分生孢子盘圆形或椭圆形,刚毛黑褐色或无,分生孢子长椭圆形,大小15.1～19.8μm×4. 相似文献
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疫病症状主要侵害茎、叶、果各部位,整个生育期均可发病．苗期染病,茎、叶、叶柄,及生长点呈水渍状或萎蔫,后干枯死亡．成株染病多从茎嫩头或节部发生,初为水浸状,病部失水缢缩,病部以上叶片迅速萎蔫,维管束不变色．叶片受害,先出现水浸状圆形或不规则形灰绿色大斑,严重的叶片枯死．果实染病,初现水浸状斑点,后病斑陷,有时开裂,溢出胶状物,病部扩大后引致瓜腐烂．该病原菌在土壤中越冬,种子、垃圾、堆肥也能带菌。连作是发病的主要原因,降雨量大、多雨天,空气湿度大,温度在24-30℃或大暴雨后易发生流行。枯萎病症状整个生长期均能发病,以结… 相似文献
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<正> 1982年我们在黑龙江省绥化市郊进行病害调查时,曾在当地马铃薯生产田中发现有一种马铃薯叶部新病害,植株发病率达100％,并且几乎所有叶片都有病斑。现将病害鉴定结果报道如下: 一、病害症状叶片上产生水渍状不规则形病斑,直径1~3毫米,病斑正面略突起,黄褐色,病斑干燥后可产生一白色菌膜,后期病斑连片,导致全叶枯死。二、病毒的分离、沌化和致病性测定剪取保存于室内的标本病斑处, 相似文献
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“敌力脱”防治香蕉叶斑病 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
叶斑病是香蕉的主要病害之一，近年来，发生普遍。叶斑病包括褐缘灰斑病、灰纹病、煤纹病。褐缘灰纹病病原是香尾孢（Cercosporamusaezimm），灰纹病原为香蕉暗比抱［Cordanamusae（zimm）horn］，煤纹病原为簇生长蠕泡［Heiminthosporlumtorulosum（syd）Ashbyl。分类地位：半知菌亚门，丛梗抱目，暗梗泡科。其病菌主要侵害香蕉的中、老龄叶片，后再向嫩叶及心叶发展，发病部位一般从叶缘开始，渐向中脉内延，也有的见于叶面，发生严重时可造成整株叶片枯死。发病时间一般在每年的5月下旬始见新病斑，6月下旬7至下旬而多，传染迅速，8月… 相似文献
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德化县1998年晚疫病大流行原因与防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
１ 前 言１９９８年，德化县由于受３月份雨水偏多、湿度大、气温适宜等影响，晚疫病在我县马铃薯田块大发生，发病面积２６６７ｈｍ２，占播种面积８０％，平均６６７ｍ２失收薯块４２０ｋｇ，最高６６７ｍ２失收１２００ｋｇ。全县累计损失块茎１６８００ｔ。病害发生流行面积之广，损失之重是１９９０年以来所没有过的。该病多在马铃薯现蕾开花后开始发生。叶片发病多，从叶片的尖端和边缘处产生褐色的半圆形或不规则形病斑，潮湿时，在叶片背面病斑处产生一层白霉层，严重时病斑扩展到叶脉、叶柄、叶茎，形成不规则褐色斑块，潮湿时表… 相似文献
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东华北春玉米区玉米品种对主要病害和玉米螟的抗性评价 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对东华北春玉米区24份玉米主栽品种进行玉米大斑病、弯孢菌叶斑病、灰斑病、丝黑穗病、茎腐病和玉米螟的抗性鉴定。高抗和抗大斑病品种11份,占参试品种的45.83%;高抗和抗灰斑病品种11份,占参试品种的45.83%;高抗和抗玉米弯孢菌叶斑病品种16份,占参试品种的66.67%;高抗和抗丝黑穗病品种10份,占参试品种的41.67%;高抗和抗茎腐病品种18份,占参试品种的75.0%;高抗和抗玉米螟品种6份,占参试品种的25.0%。综合抗性评价筛选出广谱抗性品种9份,占所有参试品种的37.5%。 相似文献
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从广西南宁市采集香蕉棒孢霉叶斑病样本,用常规组织分离法获得3个菌株,经柯赫氏法则验证确定其为香蕉叶斑病的病原菌。该菌的形态特征在分离培养前后变化较大,自然病斑上的分生孢子和分生孢子梗均较短,经PDA培养基分离培养后显著变长,培养后的病原菌形态特征与前人对Corynespora cassiicola的描述一致。根据形态特征及rDNA-ITS区序列比对结果,确定该病原菌株为多主棒孢菌[Corynespora cassiicola(Berk&Curt)Wei]。 相似文献
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玉米矮花叶病毒病(ｍａｉｚｅｄｗａｒｆｍｏｓａｉｃｖｉｒｕｓ),弯孢菌叶斑病〔又称拟眼斑病,Ｃｕｒｖｕｌａｒｉａｌｕｎａｔａ(Ｗａｌｋ)Ｂｏｅｄ〕及尾孢菌叶斑病(又称灰霉叶斑病,ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｚｅａｅｍａｙｄｉｓＴｅｈｏｎ＆Ｄａｎｉｅｌｓ)三种病害在辽宁省玉米产区都有不同程度的发生,尤其在近几年发病更重。1994年建平县朱力科镇66.7ｈｍ2制种田,因矮花叶病毒病危害造成绝收,损失惨重。1995年绥中县塔山镇种植的丹玉20玉米田突然爆发弯孢菌叶斑病,2700ｈｍ2玉米严重减产。到1996年全省已有12个市40多个县(区)玉米田发生… 相似文献
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大豆灰斑病叶部病斑严重度的分级标准 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
根据单个叶片病斑面积总和与整个叶片面积的比值,以及自然侵染的最高病斑/叶面积比,将大豆灰斑病叶部病害的严重度划分为0～6七个级别,并制出各级别标准图片和绘出模式图。 相似文献
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本研究用人工接种方法探讨了大豆不同株龄及不同的叶龄和荚龄对灰斑病的反应。结果表明,株龄越大的大豆其灰斑病愈轻,反之则重。完全展开叶和正在扩展叶易感灰斑病,嫩叶（叶缘未分离）和老化叶不易感病。荚龄大于１ｃｍ的最易感病、病粒率高,０．５ｃｍ以下的荚不易感病。 相似文献
14.
R. P. Singh A. Boucher T. H. Somerville S. Coleman 《American Journal of Potato Research》1996,73(3):101-112
Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and dotimmunobinding assay (DIBA) for potato viruses A (PVA), M (PVM), S (PVS), X (PVX), YN (PVYN), YO (PVYO) and leafroll (PLRV) and nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH) for potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), virus and viroid were detected reliably from single leaf discs (6 mm) of tissue-culture plantlets. Leaf discs taken from leaf positions (1 to 8) (bottom to top) can be used for detection of all viruses except PLRV where the lower leaves had higher concentrations of virus than the leaves from the upper part of the plantlet. Virus cultures were maintained for 1 to 4 years in several potato cultivars. The levels of virus remained reproducible except for PVM concentration, which was found to be very low in cv. Green Mountain. Using densitometry software, the DIBA spots were quantified and results were comparable to A405 values obtained by ELISA. PSTVd concentration as measured by densitometry from spots of NASH indicated no loss of viroid over 1–4 years in tissue culture in two potato cultivars. 相似文献
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Summary The symptomatology of Andean potato latent virus (APLV) was studied in several wild potato species and potato cultivars using
isolates Caj, Hu and Ay from Peru. In greenhouse tests, the virus was latent in most isolate/cultivar combinations with primary
infection but secondary infection commonly caused symptoms. Wild species infected with the different isolates normally reacted
with symptoms with either type of infection. The main symptoms were mosaics, chlorotic netting of minor leaf veins and, with
wild species, leaf deformation; the netting symptom was typical only with Caj. In infected cultivars growing in the field,
an additional symptom, rugosity, sometimes also developed and environmental conditions at high altitude seemed to enhance
symptom formation. Very severe symptoms were found in a cultivar jointly infected with APLV and Andean potato mottle virus.
Transmission of APLV from an infected plant to its tubers was erratic. 相似文献
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Summary The effects of various fungi, bacteria and different compost extracts on foliar infection of potato (Solatium tuberosum) withPhytophthora infestans were tested in detached leaf bioassays in 2001–2003. Application of microorganism inocula and compost extracts as well as
copper oxychloride to excised leaves resulted in different degrees of blight control. In general, suppression of blight lesion
growth was not improved by applying the antagonists before the leaves were inoculated withPhytophthora spores. There was some evidence that extracts made from different compost feed stocks of different ages suppressed leaflet
infection with blight. However, results were very limited and inconsistent. Moreover, the effects were much smaller than where
copper oxychloride was used. Improved efficacy of acceptable alternatives to copper fungicides especially in organic farming
is required. No promising effective alternative to the use of copper fungicides to reduce late blight infection in organic
potato production systems was identified in the experiments. 相似文献
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Jerzy Syller 《Potato Research》1980,23(4):453-456
Summary Young potato plants were a better source of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) for aphids,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), than old ones. For plants 6, 7.5 and 9 weeks old, the best sources of PLRV were the lower, middle and upper leaves,
respectively. The frequency of PLRV transmission from upper leaves did not change much with increasing age of plants nor did
it change with different leaflets from the same leaf. 相似文献