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1.
The effect of night temperatures on the yield and quality of the rose, cultivars ‘Baccara’, ‘Sonia’ and ‘Belinda’, was studied during the winters of 1974/75 and 1975/76. Lower night temperature decreased the number of saleable flowers, reduced flower stem length, and increased ‘Baccara’ flower malformation. Sacrificing autumn yield (October–November) increased the number of mid-winter flowers and their stem length while significantly decreasing ‘Baccara’ flower malformation. The favorable response to sacrificing early yield is attributed to an enhanced rate of lateral bud breaking, as well as to a prolonged accumulation of summer metabolites and a more satisfactory balance of growth substances which reduce the incidence of flower malformation.  相似文献   

2.
Effects of light intensity and duration on the vegetative and reproductive characters of the rose cultivar ‘Baccara’ were studied for a year. Production of unlighted ‘Baccara’ in S.W. England reflected the solar energy curve; the highest flower yield followed the vegetative phase receiving the most natural light. Lighting improved flower yield, decreased blind shoots and hastened flowering, in proportion to the quantity of light received, especially during periods of limited natural light. Intensity was more effective than duration. Bottom breaks and axillary shoot development were stimulated by lighting, the latter being associated with higher yields. Lighting the plants in the morning and evening increased yield more than giving the same quantity of light during the day.High pressure sodium lamps (SON/T) were effective as supplementary light to glasshouse roses, especially when higher intensities were required. Lighting with sodium lamps significantly increased flower yield and decreased the number of blind shoots. Some characteristics studied were highly correlated in all experiments.  相似文献   

3.
The combined effect of different irrigation regimes and canopy wetting treatments on flower yield and flower quality was examined with ‘Baccara’ roses. Total yields of 390 flowers per m2, of which 290 were of saleable quality for the period October–May, were obtained when the soil water tension at a depth of 15–20 cm was maintained below 4–6 centibar (cb). An increase in water tension up to 10–15 cb caused a 10 % decrease in yield. Wetting the canopy reduced the number of flowers and did not counteract the reduction in yield caused by the increase in soil water tension.Wetting the canopy slightly reduced plant surface temperature, mainly on dry and hot days. Wetting also increased the weight of flower buds obtained under irrigation treatments which maintained soil moisture tension below 5 cb (a low soil moisture treatment). The weight per unit length of flower stem increased when the canopy was wetted under all irrigation treatments. In spring, canopy wetting reduced the decrease in flower weight and in leaf area, and completely prevented the decrease in flower stem weight.  相似文献   

4.
Summary

The effect of deshooting of flowering stems of rose cv. Motrea as compared with normal harvesting procedure was studied with respect to carbohydrate storage and subsequent flower production after downwards pruning of shoots. Growth analyses over two periods were conducted to calculate total biomass production and partitioning. Soluble sugars and starch in samples of the stem taken at several heights in the plant were also analysed. In general, starch concentrations increased and sugar concentrations decreased from upper to lower stem parts. Deshooting increased total non-structural carbohydrates, mainly caused by starch. The stored carbohydrates were used during a subsequent flowering cycle. Total extra carbohydrate reserves due to the deshooting practice could explain the resulting increase in fresh-weight production. Biomass production was not influenced by treatments over the experimental period but deshooting greatly reduced flower production and enhanced the weight of discarded prunings. It is concluded that treatments primarily directed at redistribution of carbohydrates are probably of little use in improving the management of a rose crop.  相似文献   

5.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,89(3):237-248
Dormant second year potted plants of Paeonia ‘Coral Sunset’, ‘Monsieur Jules Elie’, and ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ were placed into three chilling regimes (constant 1, 4, or 7°C) for different durations (3, 6, 9, or 12 weeks) to ascertain their chilling requirements for shoot and flower production. Chilling was followed by forcing for up to 5 weeks at 18°C, then plants were maintained in a controlled greenhouse until flowering had finished. Mean number of shoots and flowers per plant were recorded and the time taken for shoots to sprout was calculated.Control plants (forced immediately without chilling) produced no shoots or flowers. For all cultivars, the proportion of plants that sprouted, and the mean number of shoots and flowers increased as plants were subjected to colder chilling temperatures, or longer chilling durations. However, there were no significant within-cultivar differences between different treatments of 9 weeks or more. The time taken for sprouting to occur after the completion of each chilling treatment consistently decreased as the duration of the chilling treatment increased. In most cases, lower chilling temperatures lead to more rapid sprouting once plants were placed in the 18°C forcing conditions.When a simple model was fitted where the chilling temperature and duration of each treatment was described by a cumulative normal curve rising from zero to some maximum value (or potential) once adequate chilling had been received, we found that temperatures of 4 and 7°C provided only 83 and 59%, respectively, of the chilling accumulated per unit time at 1°C. ‘Coral Sunset’, an interspecific hybrid early flowering type, required the greatest amount of chilling to sprout consistently, while ‘Sarah Bernhardt’, a very late flowering type, required the least. Of the three cultivars, ‘Sarah Bernhardt’ also required the least amount of chilling to achieve its potential shoot and flower numbers, while ‘Monsieur Jules Elie’, a mid-season flowering type, required the most chilling to achieve the same end for these two variables. This suggests that the response to spring temperatures as well as chilling influences the time of flowering.  相似文献   

6.
In a study of photoperiod response 30 early (summer)-flowering chrysanthemum cultivars from Britain and Japan reacted as quantitative short-day plants. Both flower bud initiation and development occurred more rapidly in short days (SD) as compared with long days (LD). The early-flowering cultivars differed from late-flowering chrysanthemums in that lateral flower buds, and often the terminal flower buds, develop to anthesis in LD. Internodes were shorter in SD and flowers had fewer florets. There was an increased number and proportion of disc florets in SD in all cultivars except one. Two cultivars, ‘Mezame’ and ‘Pennine Yellow’, closely approached day-neutrality.All cultivars produced fewer leaves in LD on upper lateral shoots than on main stems. Either the presence of the terminal flower bud induces earlier flowering of the upper lateral shoots, or the change which causes the terminal apical meristem to initiate a flower in LD influences the axillary meristem also.SD could be used to speed up the flowering of glasshouse-grown crops of early-flowering cultivars. The advantages and disadvantages which may be associated with treatment at different stages of growth are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2001,89(4):309-316
The effect of fruit load and auxin application on the flower morphology and flower number of two aubergine cultivars was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The flowers of plants that did not set fruit showed only minor fluctuations in flower and pistil mass, and in style and anther length. However, when plants were allowed to set fruit by pollination, flower and pistil mass, and style (but not anther) length were significantly reduced during the stage of fruit growth. Style length was also reduced in flowers formed after fruit had been set parthenocarpically by the application of auxin (IAA), but there was no significant effect of IAA on style length in the absence of fruit development. The number of flowers was reduced in the presence of IAA (with or without fruit set), or following fruit set by pollination. It is suggested that fruit load and development affect flower mass and style length of aubergine whereas auxin influences the number of flowers.  相似文献   

8.
The initiation of leaves and flowers by selected axillary buds of the glasshouse rose cultivar Sonia (syn. Sweet Promise) has been studied both while their extension growth was inhibited by apical dominance and after the inhibition had been removed at one of two times (“early” or “late”). Leaf initiation occurred during growth inhibition so that leaf primordia accumulated in the axillary buds. Flower initiation began, with both treatment times, only after removing apical dominance. Although the total number of leaf primordia formed before the flower was greater in plants of the “late” treatment, the axillary shoots produced in both treatments had similar numbers of leaves with expanded leaflets. Thus many leaf primordia of the “late” treatment plants became scales. The evidence suggests that flower initiation cannot begin while an axillary bud is subject to apical dominance, and that after its removal another factor results in the production of shoots with a relatively constant number of leaves with expanded leaflets.  相似文献   

9.
以“章姬”“京藏香”“京桃香”3个品种的草莓为试材,采用盆栽试验的方法,研究接种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,AMF)摩西斗管囊霉Funneliformis mosseae、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices、植物根围促生细菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria,PGPR)PGPR 5-1和PGPR PS1-1菌株对草莓生长、产量和白粉病的影响。结果表明:AMF+PGPR处理的AMF侵染率、丛枝着生率和泡囊数均大于单接种AMF处理,表明PGPR菌株能够促进AMF的侵染和根内扩展;AMF+PGPR组合促生防病的效应大于任一单接种处理。其中,Fm+PS1-1和Fm+5-1′组合促生、增产和控制白粉病的效果最好。“章姬”草莓的接种效应大于其它2个品种的接种效应。Fm+PS1-1处理显著增加了“章姬”草莓的单株花蕾数、单株开花数、单株结果数和单株产量,单株产量最高达到75.8g,而白粉病的病情指数最低。可知,Fm+PS1-1和Fm+5-1′为最佳组合,对促进草莓高效高质绿色生产具有较大的应用潜力和研发前景。  相似文献   

10.
Under controlled environment conditions the influence of four soil temperatures (7°, 14°, 21°, and 28°C) on vegetative development and flower-bud formation of apple trees (cvs ‘Rode Boskoop’ and ‘Elstar’) were evaluated in the first year after budding. Relative air humidity was high, air temperature was 20°C. Broadly speaking, for both cultivars shoot growth clearly increased with increasing soil temperature. The effects on growth were mainly reflected in the number (not length) of the lateral shoots; the growth of the main shoot was little influenced by soil temperature. At 7°C the lateral shoots usually occurred higher along the main stem than at the higher temperatures. Flowering on the parent stem and on the lateral shoots was little affected by the soil temperatures tested. In general, flower-cluster quality was rather poor. If only clusters having more than four well-developed flowers are considered, flowering was favoured by higher soil temperatures; at 28°C, especially, cluster quality was much better than at the other soil temperatures. It is concluded that soil temperature is important in controlling the degree of lateral shoot-formation as well as the formation of well-developed flower clusters.  相似文献   

11.
Summary

To improve the yield and quality of essential oils, chromosome-doubling in mint cultivars was induced by treating shoots with colchicine in vitro. Shoot tips of three mint cultivars (‘68-7’, ‘73-8’, and ‘HU 39’) were cultured in vitro and treated at 2 months using either of two methods to induce chromosome-doubling. Explants were immersed separately in each of three concentrations of colchicine [0.1, 0.2, or 0.3% (w/v)] for 24 h or 48 h. Alternatively, shoots were cultured on solid 1.0× MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium supplemented with one of five concentrations of colchicine (10, 20, 30, 40,, or 50 mg l–1) for 30 d. After each treatment, ploidy levels were measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that high yields of 4n plants were induced by the immersion of shoots in 0.2% (w/v) colchicine for 24 h (13.3%), or by culturing shoots on MS medium containing 20 mg l–1 colchicine for 30 d (17.3%). The immersion method, which gave a survival rate of 93.3%, was more convenient and less phytotoxic to produce 4n mint plants. Compared with untreated plants, we observed fewer but larger stomata in chromosome-doubled plants. We also observed significant differences in the size, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, and stem width in chromosome-doubled mint plants.  相似文献   

12.
孙强  林大为 《园艺学报》2007,34(5):1339-1339
 ‘林隆2号’和‘林隆3号’是从切花香石竹人工杂交群体中选育出来的新品种，花朵大，有香味，花期长，适应性和抗病性强，繁殖容易，适宜于切花，具有较好的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

13.
利用显微解剖和石蜡切片技术,对四季桂品种群中‘四季桂’(Osmanthus fragrans‘Sijigui’)不同季节的花芽分化及开花特性进行研究。‘四季桂’一年成花3次,分别于3月初、6月上旬和10月底开始花芽分化,4月下旬、8月底和11月底完成,分别历时约2个月、2个半月和1个月。6月开始的花芽分化和开花过程与秋桂品种群基本相似,分化后需要低温才能开花,最终形成聚伞花序,无总梗,花粉发育正常。而10月底分化的花芽在完成分化后随即开花,形成的花序有总梗,且有伸长与未伸长之分,长度分别为(0.80±0.11)cm和(3.50±0.71)cm。3月分化的花芽与新梢同时生长发育,分化完成后随即开花。春季和冬季的两次分化形成的均是圆锥状花序,具总梗,花粉均败育。结果表明‘四季桂’自身存在着不同的成花机制。  相似文献   

14.
以文心兰切花品种‘金辉’为试材,研究了在遮光率分别为60%、70%、80%、90%条件下其生长发育和生理指标的变化情况,分析了切花文心兰生长发育和生理指标与光照条件的关系,以期为筛选适宜光照条件提供参考。结果表明:持续60%遮光率显著降低花序梗长,且在夏季强光照时叶绿素含量显著降低,相对电导率显著上升;持续90%遮光率显著降低茎叶中可溶性糖、还原糖含量,同时假鳞茎长、假鳞茎茎围、开花率、花序长、分叉数及花朵数也显著降低;持续70%遮光率不仅开花率、花序长、分叉数及花朵数最高,且在夏季强光照时可溶性糖、还原糖的累积量最高,利于文心兰切花栽培。  相似文献   

15.
Stem elongation of Lilium cultivars ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Jamboree’ and ‘Nutmegger’ was lessened by treating the bulbs with ancymidol (10 p.p.m.) or ethephon (500 p.p.m.). Ancymidol was the more effective inhibitor of stem elongation, although applied at a much lower concentration. Application of the growth regulators prior to a dormancy-breaking cold treatment provided more effective control of stem elongation than post cold-treatment application. The total number of flowers and the number of secondary flowers per stem of ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Nutmegger’ were increased by treating the bulbs with ancymidol. However, unlike the optimal time for lessening stem elongation, enhancement of flower production was greatest when ancymidol was applied after completion of the cold treatment. Ethephon was unsatisfactory, since it inhibited flower production by ‘Black Beauty’ and ‘Nutmegger’, while ‘Jamboree’ was relatively insensitive to it, as indicated by a lack of inhibition of flower production and a small degree of inhibition of stem elongation.  相似文献   

16.
短日照处理天数对一品红开花和观赏品质的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
 短日照处理不同天数后转到自然长日照下, 研究短日照处理对促成栽培的‘千禧’和‘早生天鹅绒’一品红生长开花的影响。结果表明短日照处理天数对其发育进程、苞片着色和观赏品质有显著影响。苞片转色后结束短日照处理, 节数与连续短日照相似, 但开花显著延迟; 现蕾时结束短日照处理, 开花时间、冠幅与连续短日照相似; 过渡性叶片面积在短日照处理至现蕾后13～14 d才与连续短日照相似。一品红对短日照处理天数的反应存在品种差异。现蕾前结束短日照处理导致一品红过渡性叶片的节间和花梗伸长、苞片着色变差, 出现开花逆转现象。为了保证观赏品质, 短日照处理要持续到现蕾以后。  相似文献   

17.
A propagation method for rose nursery plants was studied by using a 2-node scion tongue-grafted on to an unrooted stock cutting. Uniform and disease-free nursery plants could be produced efficiently in a short period all the year round.Under greenhouse production trials, such cutting-grafts of ‘Sonia’ on R. multiflora ‘K-1’, R. indica ‘Major’, R. ‘Manetti’ and R. wichuraiana produced flowers of the same number and quality as when budded on to R. multiflora seedling root stock.  相似文献   

18.
When grown in a glasshouse, flowering in Primula vulgaris ‘Aalsmeer Giant’ (yellow) and ‘Ducat’ (blue) was delayed with increasing temperature from approximately 12°C to 18°C. In addition, size of the first open flower and the number of flowering axillary shoots decreased, whereas the number of leaves and leaf area increased with the temperature increase. All temperature responses were greater in ‘Aalsmeer’ than in ‘Ducat’.When grown in growth rooms at 9°C, flowering in P. vulgaris ‘Aalsmeer Giant’ (yellow) was inhibited compared with 15°C. However, when 9 weeks of 15°C was applied to plants grown for 9 weeks at 9°C, the inhibition was overcome; longer periods of 15°C being no more effective. This indicates than an early stage of flower formation, probably the initiation, in Primula vulgaris is inhibited by 9°C, and not the further development of the buds towards open flowers.  相似文献   

19.
The effect of several environmental factors on flower bud atrophy in ‘Baccara’ roses was studied. Reduction of air or soil temperature caused an increase in flower bud atrophy. Reduction in light intensity increased “blindness” in relation to shading intensity. Shading of only the young developing shoot also greatly increased flower atrophy. Continuous shading had a cumulative effect in increasing “blindness”. However, removal of shade caused an immediate increase in flowering to a rate comparable to unshaded control. Photoperiod had no effect.  相似文献   

20.
A study was made to induce flowering in an “off-year” in the strictly irregularly-bearing mango cultivar ‘Langra’. Cycocel 3000 mg/l on ringed shoots produced the largest number of flower panicles (62.3%), whereas the control recorded the lowest number (8%). MH-1500 mg/l with ringing reduced the length of the shoot, increased the diameter of the shoots, and greatly reduced the vegetative growth. All the treatments produced quite good percentages of flower buds in comparison to the control, and enhanced the flowering-time. With CEPA 400 mg/l the flowering-time was enhanced by 16 days.  相似文献   

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