共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质形成及其关键酶活性的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以2个蛋白质含量不同的小麦品种扬麦9号和豫麦34为材料,在人工气候室条件下研究了花后高温和水分逆境对小麦籽粒蛋白质合成关键酶活性及籽粒蛋白质组分含量的影响。结果表明,籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量显著受温度、水分和温度×水分互作的影响,且温度的影响大于水分及温度×水分的影响。高温提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,但降低了谷/醇比。无论高温或适温下,干旱胁迫均提高籽粒蛋白质含量。谷/醇比在适温干旱下升高,高温干旱下降低;渍水降低籽粒蛋白质含量和谷/醇比。籽粒蛋白质含量在高温干旱下最高,适温渍水下最低。在温度和水分逆境下,籽粒醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白的变化是导致蛋白质含量和谷/醇比差异的主要原因。高温和水分逆境均降低旗叶谷胺酰氨合成酶（GS）和籽粒谷-丙转氨酶（GPT）活性,不同温度条件下酶活性均表现为对照>干旱>渍水。高温和水分逆境对蛋白质合成关键酶活性的影响在不同品种间存在差异,适温下,豫麦34旗叶GS活性易受水分的抑制;扬麦9旗叶GS活性易受高温的抑制。高温下,豫麦34旗叶氮代谢受高温影响较大,而扬麦9则更易受水分胁迫影响。 相似文献
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水旱条件下小麦不同抗旱性品种籽粒蛋白质积累的差异及施氮量的调控效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水、旱两栽培条件下比较了农大189 (不抗旱品种)和晋麦47 (抗旱品种)的籽粒蛋白质积累及施氮的调控效应。与灌溉条件相比,旱地栽培提高了籽粒清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、总蛋白含量及谷/醇比,降低了球蛋白含量。旱作对农大189的籽粒蛋白质组分含量有显著影响,而对晋麦47籽粒球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、总蛋白、谷/醇比的影响不显著。旱作降低了籽粒谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、籽粒谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)、籽粒谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)、旗叶谷氨酸合酶(GOGAT)活性,且影响了籽粒GPT活性的变化趋势。旱作对蛋白质合成有关酶活性的影响表现为农大189大于晋麦47。随着施氮量的增加,籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量表现为增加趋势,且施氮的调控效应对晋麦47大于对农大189。不同栽培条件下各处理的籽粒GS、籽粒GOGAT、籽粒GPT、旗叶GOGAT活性与籽粒蛋白质产量呈显著正相关,而与籽粒蛋白质含量无显著相关。两品种旗叶GS活性与蛋白质产量的相关性不同。总之,抗旱品种的籽粒蛋白质积累受水分条件影响小于不抗旱品种,表现一定的抗旱能力;施用氮肥可提高籽粒蛋白质含量,抗旱品种的氮肥调控效应大于不抗旱品种。 相似文献
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水分胁迫及复水条件下外源Ca2+对玉米幼苗根系水力导度及生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用10%PEG-6000模拟–0.2 MPa的水分胁迫,研究了外源Ca2+(在1/2 Hoagland营养液中添加10 mmol L-1 CaCl2)对水分胁迫7 d后及复水2 d,玉米幼苗整株根系水力导度(Lpr)、根系生长及叶水势(ψw)的影响。结果表明,正常水分条件下,外源Ca2+处理降低了Lpr,但对叶水势无影响;水分胁迫条件下,外源Ca2+显著提高了Lpr、叶水势,减缓了水分胁迫对植物的伤害;复水1 d,两种钙水平下Lp均无明显恢复,但Ca2+处理的Lpr显著高于对照,而叶水势无显著差异且均能恢复至正常供水时的水平;复水2 d,Ca2+处理的Lpr即能恢复至正常供水时的水平,对照仅恢复为正常供水时的59.06%。进一步用HgCl2检测表明,正常水分条件下外源Ca2+对水通道蛋白(AQP)活性没有影响;而水分胁迫下,外源Ca2+提高了AQP活性,对照AQP活性下降,说明水分胁迫时外源Ca2+促进了水分跨膜途径运输;复水2 d,外源Ca2+处理AQP活性恢复至正常供水时的水平,对照AQP活性未能恢复。另外,外源Ca2+处理减缓了水分胁迫对植物生长发育的抑制作用,促进了复水时侧根发育,增加根系吸水面积,为植株迅速恢复供水提供了形态学基础,增加了复水后的补偿效应。 相似文献
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水分胁迫对抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种叶片蛋白质影响的比较 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
选用两种抗旱性不同的冬小麦－太原６３３（抗旱）和Ｃ６０９（干旱敏感），研究了水分胁迫条件下植物蛋白质代射变化的规律及与植物抗旱性的关系。双向电泳结果表明，－２．０ＭＰａ ＰＥＧ－６０００水分胁迫引起了两品种冬小麦叶片蛋白质变化的明显差异。抗旱品种在水分胁迫时蛋白质代射变化的时间顺序。干旱诱导的蛋白质的变化包括干旱诱导蛋白及蛋白质含量的在复水后均可迅速恢复；蛋白质转录抑制剂－放线菌素Ｄ可抑制干旱诱导 相似文献
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水分胁迫下蔗叶活性氧代谢的数学分析 总被引：46，自引：3，他引：46
水分胁迫加速了蔗叶活性氧的产生并消弱其清除能力。经回归模拟显示，蔗叶ＭＤＡ含量、质膜差别透性、Ｏ２＾－产生速率和组织自动氧化速率均随土壤含水量的降低呈指数增加，ＳＯＤ活性和ＧＳＨ含量呈抛物线变化，而ＣＡＴ活性呈对数降低；逐步回归分析定量地指出了水分胁迫下蔗叶ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ在清除活性氧、防止膜脂过氧化和质膜破坏中的协同作用关系，且受Ｏ２＾－产生的影响；经卡方测验证实，该回归模型各参数与大田干旱胁迫的 相似文献
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水分胁迫下外源物质对小麦抽穗后生理性状的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《作物杂志》2016,(3)
为探讨不同外源物质对干旱胁迫下小麦生理特性的影响,筛选有效增强小麦抗旱性的外源物质及施用方法,选用黄腐酸、脯氨酸、KH_2PO_4、葡萄糖4种物质的不同组合,在抽穗期用喷雾法对小麦进行处理,研究了小麦抽穗后旗叶光合速率,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性等生理特性。结果表明,在水分胁迫下外源物质处理可以提高旗叶光合速率,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量以及保护酶活性,同时有效降低MDA含量,从而增强小麦抗旱性,提高小麦产量。试验表明,外源物质处理对于增强小麦抗旱性具有一定效果,黄腐酸+脯氨酸+葡萄糖+KH_2PO_4复配处理效果最好。 相似文献
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采用盆栽方法,连续两年研究了豫麦34在田间最大持水量40%(40%FC)、60%(60%FC)和80%(80%FC)条件下花后旗叶与籽粒中谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)及其同工酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量及籽粒产量等的变化特征。结果表明,旗叶中GS活性较同期籽粒中GS活性高10倍以上,并均在波动中下降;旗叶中有GS1、GSx和GS2三种同工酶,其中GS2活性最高,GSx活性最低;籽粒仅有GS1。小麦花后旗叶和籽粒中GS和GS同工酶活性表现为60%FC>80%FC>40%FC,尤以旗叶GS2活性受影响最大。籽粒灌浆高峰前期,旗叶中可溶性蛋白含量表现为60%FC>80%FC>40%FC,随后表现为80%FC>60%FC>40%FC。籽粒中可溶性蛋白含量均表现为80%FC>60%FC>40%FC;60%FC处理的旗叶GS和GS2活性与可溶性蛋白含量呈显著正相关。籽粒产量和蛋白质含量均以60%FC处理最高,说明豫麦34生长中后期适宜的水分管理指标为田间最大持水量60%。 相似文献
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Periods of drought frequently affect the development of winter rape at the shooting stage in spring. A growth chamber study was conducted to determine the effects of 13 days of strong water deficit at the shooting stage followed by rewatering on oilseed rape (Brassica napus). The osmolality and the efficiency of photosystem II in leaves were measured by means of a vapour pressure osmometer and a chlorophyll fluorometer, respectively. The activities of sucrose cleaving enzymes in leaves were determined through invertase as well as sucrose synthase tests. A higher osmotic pressure was observed 2 days after water deprivation. Extracellular and vacuolar invertases as well as chlorophyll fluorescence were decreased with delay. Rewatering led to a gradual decrease in the osmotic pressure and a delayed increase in the enzyme activities as well as the photosynthetic efficiency. A linear regression model could predict osmolality in well‐watered plants based on the extracellular enzyme activity and growth stage. The ontogenetic and stress‐related pattern of extracellular invertase activity could indicate a role of this enzyme in balancing source‐sink relations. The onset of flowering was not influenced by drought, but the period of this stage was prolonged. Though, the ontogenetic stages of stressed and unstressed plants were the same at the time of harvest, the development of seed biomass was significantly depressed under stress. 相似文献
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强耐冷性水稻新品系J07-23抗氧化系统对长期冷水胁迫的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了阐明强耐冷性水稻对长期冷水胁迫抗性的生理基础, 以水稻新品系J07-23和冷敏感的栽培稻秀子糯为试验材料, 研究长期冷水胁迫(19℃)下参试材料在开花期剑叶活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化剂含量的变化以及成熟后的穗部性状。结果表明, 在长期冷水胁迫下, 秀子糯剑叶的O2产生速率、H2O2含量和MDA含量显著增加, 抗氧化系统中SOD、CAT和GR活性显著升高; J07-23剑叶H2O2含量显著增加, 而O2产生速率和MDA含量无显著变化。J07-23的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD、APX和GR)活性极显著升高, 抗氧化剂(AsA和GSH)含量及AsA/DHA值和GSH/GSSG值也显著增加。依据耐冷性评价标准, J07-23具有极强耐冷性, 冷水胁迫下高的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量是其耐冷性的生理生化基础。 相似文献
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Abul Hashem M. N. Amin Majumdar Abdul Hamid M. M. Hossain 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(3):129-136
Drought stress effects on leaf gas exchange, cell membrane stability, seed yield and yield attributes of synthesized Brassica napus L. cv. Bangla kale and Bangla cabbage were compared. Drought stress treatments were imposed at early vegetative, late vegetative and flowering stages by withholding watering. Bangla cabbage produced greater pods/plant, larger seed size, greater total dry matter/plant, seeds/pot, and 17% greater yield than Bangla kale. The seed yield in plants stressed at early vegetative, late vegetative and flowering stages were 59, 74, 88% lower respectively, than watered plants. Drought stress reduced leaf photosynthesis by 67 to 97%. Bangla cabbage had 68% greater photosynthesis and 56% greater stomatal conductance than Bangla kale under stress at flowering stage. Leaf temperature was 1 to 2°C higher in stressed plants than watered plants. The cell membrane stability (CMS) increased up to 83% at flowering stage under stress compared to 21% under watered conditions. Although Bangla cabbage had high seed yield, yield attributes and photosynthesis under stressed conditions at flowering stage, its CMS values were lower than those of Bangla kale. 相似文献
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Heat Stress Effects are Stronger on Spikelets Than on Flag Leaves in Rice Due to Differences in Dissipation Capacity 
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下载免费PDF全文 X. Q. Yang Y. J. Yang X. Zhao T. T. Chen X. F. Zhang Q. Y. Jin L. X. Tao 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2016,202(5):394-408
Rice is most sensitive to heat stress at the flowering stage, with different degrees of heat damage in spikelets and leaves. To investigate the heat damage in spikelets and flag leaves, two rice genotypes, N22 (heat‐tolerant) and GT937 (heat‐sensitive), were subjected to a heat‐stress treatment (40 °C for 15 days). The results showed that more damaging was found in spikelets than in flag leaves and the heat stress significantly decreased the seed‐setting rate by 12.41 % in N22 and by 65.02 % in GT937. However, the difference in the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaf between heat‐stressed and control was not significant. Moreover, the difference of temperatures in spikelets and flag leaves was attributed to the differences in heat dissipating. Under heat stress, the transpiration rate was significantly higher in flag leaves than in spikelets, and the temperature in flag leaves were at least 4 °C cooler than in spikelets. Although the spikelet temperatures did not differ significantly between the two genotypes under heat stress, spikelets of GT937 were more severely damaged than those of N22, which might result from the differences in the antioxidant capacities between genotypes. Results showed that little difference of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities of spikelets was found in N22, while significant reduction was found in GT937 under heat stress, compared with control. These results suggest that organ temperature is controlled mainly by transpirational cooling, and that heat stress is an indirect result of oxidative stress, rather than a direct result of heat damage. 相似文献
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氨基多糖水溶肥对小麦生理特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探明氨基多糖水溶肥对小麦生理特性、产量及籽粒品质的影响,以‘淮麦33’为试验材料,研究小麦不同生育期叶面喷施氨基多糖水溶肥1次、2次和3次对小麦产量和品质的影响,并在处理后12天测定小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs),叶绿素(Chl)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)含量,抗氧化酶活性及根系活力。结果表明：氨基多糖水溶肥明显提高小麦旗叶Chl、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和小麦根系活力,增加旗叶Pn和Gs,降低旗叶Ci、Tr和MDA含量,提高小麦籽粒千粒质量和产量以及籽粒总蛋白质、总淀粉和支链淀粉含量,降低直/支比。喷施3次和2次在产量和品质上的差异未达显著水平(P<0.05),但二者与喷施1次和对照之间的差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。可见,氨基多糖水溶肥可明显提高小麦旗叶抗氧化和籽粒灌浆能力,提高小麦的籽粒产量和品质,以小麦抽穗后喷施2次为宜。 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal differences under short-term NaCl-salinity (0, 50, 100, 150 m m l−1 ) stress for 24 h and post-NaCl recovery after 24 h on the growth, water relations, ionic composition, proline and antioxidants of 12-day-old roots, stem and leaves of Vigna radiata were observed. Fresh and dry weight, relative water content and K+ ion decreased, whereas, Na+ ion and Na+ /K+ ratio increased significantly in roots, stem and leaves. Post-NaCl recovered roots, stem and leaves showed similar results with lower values. Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments decreased significantly in the leaves. Peroxide and lipid peroxidation level increased significantly with higher ratio in stressed compared to recovered leaves. Ascorbate and proline content increased significantly with no significant change in glutathione content in stressed roots, stem and leaves. Significant decrease in protein content, SOD, CAT, POX, APX and GR activities was observed in roots with no significant change in stem and leaves. The recovered parts showed similar results except increased POX and GR activities showing a tissue-specific response to NaCl-salinity stress. Improved tolerance to salt stress may be accomplished by increased capacity of antioxidative defence system and by lower level of lipid peroxidation and improvement in the plant water status, activities of some of the antioxidants in the recovered parts suggest that significant tissue differences in response to salt stress in V. radiata is closely related to differences in the activities of antioxidants, ion and proline content. 相似文献
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为明确河北山前平原区合理的小麦水氮互作方式,以济麦22（JM-22）和藁优2018（GY-2018）为材料,设置高氮/高水（GD/GS）、中氮/高水（ZD/GS）、低氮/高水（DD/GS）、高氮/中水（GD/ZS）、中氮/中水（ZD/ZS）、低氮/中水（DD/ZS）、高氮/低水（GD/DS）、中氮/低水（ZD/DS）和低氮/低水（DD/DS）9个处理,研究水氮互作对不同小麦品种生理参数和产量形成的影响。结果表明,随着水氮量的增加,株高、旗叶面积和地上部干重增加,旗叶面积成熟期在ZD处理下最大,且GS>ZS>DS,GY-2018的植株生长和干物质积累量高于JM-22。此外,水氮越多,2个品种的叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）越大,各处理均表现出GD>ZD>DD的变化趋势,而GS、ZS和DS在3个时期无明显变化规律,2个品种相比较,JM-22的SPAD值较大,可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量均表现为GD>ZD>DD,而后期ZD处理最高,且GS>ZS>DS,GY-2018较JM-22更有利于碳水化合物的积累,丙二醛和活性氧含量随着施氮量的增加而降低,而超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性却升高,但不同灌水量使酶活性在不同时期的变化不同,GY-2018的酶活性更高,有利于延缓后期叶片衰老。产量及其构成因素均表现为ZD处理下最高,且GS>ZS>DS,JM-22在ZD/GS处理下的氮肥生产效率和水分利用效率最高,产量也最高,为9927.78kg/hm2,较GY-2018提高10.07%。综上,ZD/GS（210kg/hm2,1200m3/hm2）是最理想的水氮互作方式。 相似文献