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1.
Strawberries are a common and important fruit in human diet because of their high content of essential nutrients and beneficial phytochemicals, which have relevant biological activity in human health. In this study, six cultivars and 15 selected F1 hybrids between S4 inbred lines and tester (cv. ‘Dukat’) were evaluated in a field trial over a period of two consecutive years. The amounts of total anthocyanin, phenolics and vitamin C in fruits and antiradical activity were analysed. General combining ability (GCA) and mid‐parent heterosis were also determined for those characteristics. Among all the genotypes tested, the inbred lines of ‘Senga Sengana’ 17 showed the highest breeding value based on GCA for all studied traits. Estimated heterosis varied among genotypes tested. The highest heterosis in terms of vitamin C occurred in the offspring of clone 1387 18‐15 × ‘Dukat’, but with regard to phenols and antiradical activity in hybrid ‘Teresa’ 18‐15 with cv. ‘Dukat’. This study revealed that the differentiation in chemical composition of strawberry fruits between genotypes is clearly dependent on individual genotype combinations and demonstrated the presence of heterosis in phytochemical contents in some specific genotypic combinations.  相似文献   

2.
Presence of substantial heterosis and economic hybrid seed production are two most desirable components for success of any commercial hybrid breeding programme. Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines of rice, in this regard, have tremendous potential in realizing further quantum jump in yield and economical hybrid seed cost. Analyses for combining ability and heterosis over optimum (120N : 60P2O5 : 40K2O kg/ha) and high (200N : 90P2O5 : 60K2O kg/ha) fertility environments for six traits were made in 2 years (2001 and 2002) using 120 hybrids of inter‐ and intra‐subspecific nature derived from hybridization of 30 elite indica TGMS lines and four cultivars, viz., ‘Pant Dhan 4’ and ‘Ajaya’ (I = indica), ‘Taichung 65’ (J = japonica) and ‘IR 65598‐112‐2’ (TJ = tropical japonica) in line × tester mating design. Predominance of non‐additive genetic variance suggested good prospects of hybrid breeding. Pooled analysis revealed highly significant variances for lines, general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and line x tester. TGMS line 365‐8S was the best general combiner for all the six traits including grain yield. Trend of relative mid‐parent heterosis for grain yield, panicle length, grain number per panicle and earliness in flowering was I/TJ > I/J > I/I. For panicle number per plant and 1000‐grain weight, trends were I/TJ > I/I > I/J and I/I > I/TJ > I/J, respectively. Grain yield recorded heterosis of 49.3%, 71.9% and 92.7% for I/I, I/J and I/TJ hybrid groups respectively. Effect of environments on the hybrid performance indicated better response of hybrids at high fertilizer dose. Study suggests greater prospects of combining improved japonica and tropical japonica germplasms having wide compatible gene with indica TGMS lines for exploitation of intersubspecific heterosis.  相似文献   

3.
Five inbred backcross lines (IBL) were selected for higher relative expression of insecticidal acyl sugars (rank average) from an inbred backcross population derived from the cross Lycopersicon esculentum cultivar ‘Peto 84’×Lycopersicon pennellii accession LA716. These five BC2S5 IBLs were crossed in a partial diallel design (Method II), and their self and F1 progeny and three control cultivars were tested at two California field locations in 1996. Counts of potato aphids, Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, on leaves, as a measure of plant infestation, revealed significant general combining ability (GCA) for lower aphid numbers with IBL44 and IBL59; the F1 hybrid IBL44 × IBL59 had significantly fewer aphids per leaflet than the susceptible cultivar ‘Alta’. GCA for acyl sugars was associated with IBL59 only. Of all the IBL and IBL × IBL F1 hybrids, only IBL59 produced significant levels of acyl sugars. Significant within IBL59 variation for acyl sugars was observed, but not for aphid resistance. Our results suggest that factors other than acyl sugars contributed to L. pennellii-derived aphid resistance in IBL × IBL F1 hybrids and IBL that do not produce significant amounts of acyl sugars. IBL59 and IBL44 may be useful for breeding for aphid resistance in cultivated tomato.  相似文献   

4.
The effects of self, wind and open pollination on yield components were investigated in five strawberry genotypes, the cultivars ‘Dukat’, ‘Paula’, ‘Redgauntlet’, ‘Senga Sengana’ and the breeding clone B-302. Investigations were also conducted to look for additional plant characteristics associated with strawberry yield components after various modes of pollination. Such characteristics would facilitate the indirect selection of highly self-compatible strawberry genotypes. The greatest effect of self pollination was observed in B-302 and ‘Redgauntlet’, while the least effect of autogamy was shown m Paula. Conversely, the last cultivar revealed the greatest effect of entomophily, whereas the greatest effect of wind pollination was observed in ‘Dukat’. Relationships between yield components and some flower and pollen characteristics after various pollinations indicated that the degree of self compatibility in strawberry can be predicted from the pollen grain length and the pollen size index. Genotypes producing long pollen grains with large size indices exhibited the greatest effect of autogamy. Anther size, especially length. Which correlated more strongly with yield components than width, could also be used as an index of autogamy in the strawberry. Pollen yield per flower an self compatibility.  相似文献   

5.
M. López    M. Romero    F. J. Vargas    M. Mnejja    P. Arús    I. Batlle 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):502-506
To verify the compatibility behaviour of the almond cultivar ‘Francolí’ and to clarify its S genotype a combination of pollination tests, stylar ribonuclease and allele specific PCR analysis was used. ‘Francolí’ was released from IRTA's breeding programme in 1994, having been putatively raised from the cross ‘Cristomorto’ (S1S2) × ‘Gabaix’ (S10S25). This cultivar was also reported to be self‐incompatible but revealing only one S band in the zymograms after S‐RNases analysis. ‘Francolí’ sets nuts after test crossing with two S1S25 cultivars, having a different genotype from that earlier reported. ‘Francolí’ was also observed to be self‐compatible after selfing flowers in the field and in the laboratory. ‘Francolí’ was re‐assigned the S1Sf genotype after test crossing, stylar ribonuclease and PCR data analysis. After microsatellite analysis, the self‐compatible ‘Tuono’ (S1Sf) cultivar is suggested as the male parent of ‘Francolí’ instead of the earlier reported ‘Gabaix’.  相似文献   

6.
A. Filippetti    G. H. Azadegan  C. de  Pace 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(5):411-416
The relative importance of general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively), amount and causes of heterosis and inferences for breeding strategies were assessed for trypsin inhibitors activity (TIA) and seed protein content (SPC) in Vicia faba test-crosses. Four lines with low (‘Bond’) and high (‘H2OS’, ‘98/Tunesien’ and ‘Canner Express’) TIA, and two testers (‘Rowena’ and ‘Felicia’) with low TIA were used to produce test-crosses. GCA accounted for 89% and 57% of the test-cross sums of squares for SPC and TIA, respectively; SCA accounted for 48% and 34%, and differences between reciprocals for 6% and 9%. Specific heterosis was large only in low TIA × low TIA test-crosses and tended towards an increased TIA. Epistatic interaction explained the observed specific heterosis for high TIA. Breeding faba bean hybrids for high SPC and low TIA is not convenient because non-additive gene actions exert minimal effects on SPC or are in the undesired direction for TIA. Selecting inbred lines which combine low TIA, good SPC and satisfactory grain yield is more promising] Rowena and Rowena × Bond are adequate as base materials.  相似文献   

7.
Drought and low soil fertility are considered the most important abiotic stresses limiting maize production in sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the combining ability and diversity of inbred lines with tolerance to the two stresses and for those used as testers would be beneficial in setting breeding strategies for stress and nonstress environments. We used 15 tropical maize inbred lines to (i) evaluate the combining ability for grain yield (GY), (ii) assess the genetic diversity of this set of inbred lines using RFLP, SSR, and AFLP markers, (iii) estimate heterosis and assess the relationship between F1 hybrid performance, genetic diversity and heterosis, and (iv) assess genotype × environment interaction of inbred lines and their hybrids. The F1 diallel hybrids and parental inbreds were evaluated under drought stress, low N stress, and well-watered conditions at six locations in three countries. General combining ability (GCA) effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) for GY across stresses and well-watered environments. Inbred lines CML258, CML339, CML341, and CML343 had the best GCA effects for GY across environments. Additive genetic effects were more important for GY under drought stress and well-watered conditions but not under low N stress, suggesting different gene action in control of GY. Clustering based on genetic distance (GD) calculated using combined marker data grouped lines according to pedigree. Positive correlation was found between midparent heterosis (MPH) and specific combining ability (SCA), GD and GY. Hybrid breeding program targeting stress environments would benefit from the accumulation of favorable alleles for drought tolerance in both parental lines.  相似文献   

8.
为了评价‘沃30’与‘沃日黄’优株重组选系对配合力的改良效果及重组后代的育种潜势,探索地方品种优异基因发掘与利用新方法。以5个西南区骨干系及5个外引系为测验种,以‘沃30’及8个重组系为被测系（分别为‘W1’、‘W2’、‘W3’、‘W4’、‘W5’、‘W6’、‘W7’和‘W8’）,采用NCⅡ设计,对‘沃30’与8个重组系进行配合力及杂种优势分析。结果表明：被测系间株高、穗位高、穗长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、秃尖长、出籽率与单株产量等主要性状GCA差异显著或极显著;单株产量GCA效应值为‘W1’>‘W2’>‘W8’>‘沃30’>‘W4’>‘W5’>‘W3’>‘W6’>‘W7’;重组系‘W1’、‘W2’及‘W8’综合性状GCA效应值显著高于‘沃30’,具有较好的育种潜势。‘沃30’与‘沃日黄’优株混粉重组可以重新渗入并聚集初次选系过程中丢失的优良基因,获得更高配合力的重组系,利于优异地方种质的发掘与利用。  相似文献   

9.
Several R2 somaclonal families were derived from plants regenerated from a salt‐resistant callus of the salt‐sensitive rice cultivar ‘I Kong Pao’ (IKP). The family R2‐1‐23, in the presence of NaCl exhibited higher yield performances than the initial cultivar. This improvement in salinity resistance, however, was not transmitted to following generations; despite a higher number of spikelets per plant, family R3‐1‐23 did not perform better than the initial cultivar because of a very low seed set. This somaclonal family, its initial being the cultivar IKP, the breeding line IR31785 (extremely salt‐sensitive) and the cultivar ‘Aiwu’ (moderately salt‐resistant), were used as parents for production ofhybrids. Four crosses, IKP×R3‐1‐23, IR31785 ×R3‐1‐23, IR31785× IKP and IKP בAiwu’, were performed. Most of the F1 hybrids cultivated in the absence of salt exhibited increased performances compared with the mid‐parent, suggesting an heterosis effect for yield‐related parameters. F2 populations were screened for salinity resistance and a clear improvement for yield in stress conditions was recorded for populations derived from IK×R3‐1‐23, IR31785×R3‐1‐23 and IR31785×IKP, although the mean level of increase over the mid‐parent (RIMP) varied depending on the population, the presence or absence of stress, and the quantified parameters. The results are discussed in relation to the usefulness of in vitro selection for obtaining interesting somaclonal variants useful to be integrated in classical breeding programmes for salinity resistance in rice.  相似文献   

10.
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a typical cross‐pollinated crop that exhibits obvious heterosis. Self‐incompatibility is an important character for F1 hybrid breeding of radish. Knowledge of the S haplotypes of breeding lines is very important for breeders to avoid cross‐incompatibility of the parental lines. In the present study, the S haplotypes of 63 radish inbred lines, which were independently cultivated by our research group, were identified by PCR amplification, sequencing and BLAST analyses of the SRK and SLG genes. Finally, fifty‐four inbred lines were classified into 15 class I S haplotypes, including three new types, RsS‐38, RsS‐39 and RsS‐40. Additionally, three class II S haplotypes were identified in nine radish inbred lines. Partial SRK or SLG sequences were completed, such as RsS‐11 Lim (SRK‐S), RsS‐26 (SRK‐K), RsS‐5 Lim (SRK‐K and SRK‐S) and RsS‐9 (SRK‐K). The identified S haplotypes were verified with a cross‐pollination test, and RsS‐9 has weaker self‐incompatibility than other S haplotypes. These information will not only contribute to the production of hybrid seeds but also to the development of new self‐compatible inbred lines, which were advantageous of the production of maintain line and male line in CMS breeding system.  相似文献   

11.
Ten selected inbred backcross lines (IBL), from a Lycopersicon esculentum cv.‘Peto 84’×Lycopersicon pennellii IBL population, with resistance to beet armyworm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua, higher fruit mass and fruit yield, were crossed with eight elite cultivated L. esculentum inbred lines in a Design II mating design. Three elite inbreds were also crossed to ‘Peto 84′, the IBL recurrent parent, as a control for combining ability. Field plots of all resulting F1 progenies and control cultivars were inoculated with BAW eggs and evaluated for resistance to BAW, fruit mass, fruit yield, vine size and maturity at three field locations. Reductions in fruit damage by BAW were found in four of the 10 IBL F1 progenies. Significant male and female general combining ability (GCA) estimates for BAW resistance were observed, but significant specific combining ability for BAW resistance was not detected. The fruit mass of F1 hybrids was significantly lower than large-fruited controls, but was not significantly different from elite inbred by ‘Peto 95’F1 hybrids. Selection based on inbred performance identified IBL with positive GCA for BAW resistance and yields in Design II hybrids. BAW resistance in the 09 selected IBL and IBL- derived F1 progeny was associated with two undesirable traits, later maturity and larger vine size. Index selection of IBL was more effective at identifying IBL with positive GCA for fruit mass and fruit yield than GCA for BAW resistance.  相似文献   

12.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seed contains small amounts of tocopherol, a non‐enzymatic antioxidant known as lipid‐soluble vitamin E (VE). Dietary VE contributes to a decreased risk of chronic diseases in humans and has several beneficial effects on resistance to stress in plants, and increasing VE content is an important breeding goal for increasing the nutritional value of soybean. In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying VE content with main, epistatic and QTL × environment effects were identified in a population of F5 : 6 recombinant inbred lines from a cross between ‘Hefeng 25’ (a low‐VE cultivar) and ‘OAC Bayfield’ (a high‐VE cultivar). A total of 18 QTLs were detected that showed additive main effects (a) and/or additive × environment interaction effects (ae) in different environments. Moreover, 19 epistatic pairs of QTLs were found to be associated with α‐tocopherol (α‐Toc), γ‐tocopherol (γ‐Toc), δ‐tocopherol (δ‐Toc) and total VE (TE) contents. The QTLs identified in multienvironments could provide more information about QTL by environment interactions and could be useful for the marker‐assistant selection of soybean cultivars with high seed VE contents.  相似文献   

13.
The extension of the ripening season in open field production is of high economic interest for strawberry growers. Therefore, targeted breeding for extreme early or late ripening cultivars with high yield potential is of particular interest. Thirteen strawberry cultivars were crossed in a reciprocal way without selfing, and the 144 resulting F1 populations were evaluated in a field trial over a period of two consecutive years. The data were analysed using a mixed‐model approach adapted for diallel crossing designs using SAS 9.3. The variability in the crossing approach is mainly based on the general combining ability (GCA) of the cultivars (additive effects). Specific and reciprocal combining abilities (non‐additive effects) appear less important. The highest GCAs for the trait Marketable Yield were found for the cultivars ‘Polka’ and ‘Yamaska’. The trait Earliness is bilateral with significantly low GCAs for early ripening in ‘Clery’ and ‘Daroyal’ and significantly high GCAs for late ripening in ‘Yamaska’ and ‘Florence’. Crosses with these cultivars are likely to deliver populations with both high yield and an extended ripening period.  相似文献   

14.
M. Confalonieri    R. Bollini    N. Berardo    A. Vitale  A. Allavena 《Plant Breeding》1992,109(4):329-334
The abundant lectin phytohemagglutinin (10 % of total seed protein) does not contain sulfur amino acids and, being a potent antimetabolite, it is responsible for the lowering of the nutritional value of bean seeds. The aim of the present work was to improve the dry bean cultivar ‘Taylor's Horticultural’ (Asgrow), by genetically introducing the lectin null (lec/lec) character from two null genotypes: ‘Pinto UI 111’ and ‘Heidi’. Thirty-seven BC2F3 and fourteen BC6F5 inbred lines were evaluated in agronomical trials. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences among BC2F3 breedings lines for all traits under evaluation. Comparison of the LedLee genotypes versus lec/lec did not show statistically significant differences in the means for the following traits: yield, yield components and percentage of protein in the seed. Fourteen BC6F5 lines, compared together with their recurrent parent ‘Taylor's Horticultural’, showed significant differences among genotypes for 1000 seed weight, protein percentage on dry matter and ash percentage. No significant differences were observed for grain yield. The data indicate that lectin removal did not have a detrimental effect on the traits evaluated.  相似文献   

15.
To study the genetic structure of open-pollinated faba bean varieties, three sets of genotypes were generated from each of the varieties ‘Minica’, ‘Kristall’, and ‘Deiniol’: (1) inbred lines developed by single-seed descent in bee-proof isolation cages, (2) intravanetal and (3) intervarietal F1-hybrids produced by controlled hand crossing. In 1989 and 1990, a total of 144 entries, including the three open-pollinated source varieties, were grown in single-row plots with two replications at two locations in Western Germany. Performance data of the inbred lines revealed relatively large genotypic variability within each variety, for all the characters studied, which was greater in ‘Deiniol’ and ‘Kristall’ than in ‘Minica’. An average yield heterosis of 20 %, 39 % and 57 %, respectively, was found for the intravarietal hybrids, whereas that of the intervarietal hybrids varied between 70 and 73 %. Compared to the mean yield of the inbred lines the superiority of the open-pollinated source variety was small and not significant in ‘Minica’ (6 %), but it was large and highly significant in ‘Kristall’ (22 %) and ‘Deiniol’ (37 %). The present investigation revealed in faba bean that similar performance levels of open-pollinated varieties may result from either high per se performance under inbreeding with low heterosis values or from lower per se performance but with high heterosis values.  相似文献   

16.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is regarded a drought‐tolerant alternative to maize as a bioenergy and fodder crop, but its early‐stage chilling sensitivity is obstructing a successful implementation in temperate areas. While several studies have identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying chilling tolerance‐related traits in sorghum lines, little is known about the inheritance of these traits in F1 hybrids. We have conducted a comprehensive approach to analyse heterosis, combining ability and the relation between line per se and hybrid performance for emergence and early shoot and root development comprising both field trials and controlled environment experiments including chilling tests. To our best knowledge, this is the first study analysing heterosis for sorghum root parameters under chilling. Our results show that most traits are heterotic and that the mid‐parent values are rather poor predictors of hybrid performance. Hybrid breeding programmes should focus on efficient GCA tests and the establishment of genetically diverse pools to maximise heterosis rather than on a too strict selection among lines based on their per se performance. The medium‐to‐high heritabilities estimated for seedling emergence and juvenile biomass suggest that a robust breeding progress for these complex traits is feasible.  相似文献   

17.
The widespread use of warm‐season turfgrasses in transition zones of Europe, such as northern Italy, has been hampered by the long dormancy periods. To encourage the conversion from cool‐ to warm‐season grasses, research is needed to identify cultivars that exhibit early spring green‐up. A 2‐year study was conducted at the agricultural experimental farm of Padova University from November 2006 to October 2008 to compare water‐soluble carbohydrate and protein content in stolons of four bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] cultivars and determine their effect on spring green‐up. Samples of ‘La Paloma’, ‘NuMex Sahara’, ‘Princess 77’ and ‘Yukon’ were collected monthly, and water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and crude protein (CP) content of stolons were measured. Dry weight values of WSC and CP for each cultivar were regressed against days needed to reach 80 % green cover in spring (D80). ‘Yukon’ exhibited the highest rhizome dry weight and WSC content during the winter months and was the fastest to reach 80 % green cover. Conversely, ‘Princess 77’ was the slowest cultivar to green‐up in both years. Regression analysis revealed a stronger relationship between D80 and WSC than between CP content and D80.  相似文献   

18.
中国南瓜β-胡萝卜素含量配合力的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以16个具有代表性的中国南瓜自交系及其按Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ组配成的120个杂交组合为材料,对中国南瓜β-胡萝卜素含量的配合力进行了系统的研究,旨在了解不同南瓜自交系β-胡萝卜素含量的配合力特点。结果表明：在16个南瓜自交系中,从上海黄狼南瓜中选出的自交系‘百泉10’的一般配合力最大,其次是,‘百泉5’（来源于广东）,‘百泉4’（来源于黑龙江）。最小的是‘百泉2’（来源于北京）。在120个杂交组合中,特殊配合力最大的是‘百泉9’（来源于河南）ב百泉10’（来源于上海）,其次是‘百泉7’（来源于河南）ב百泉15’（来源于北京）、‘百泉4’（来源于黑龙江）ב百泉12’（来源于海南）,最低的是‘百泉1’（来源于湖南）ב百泉11’（来源于江西）。因此不同来源的南瓜自交系间一般配合力差异很大。自交系间地理差异越大,其间的特殊配合力往往越高。  相似文献   

19.
The utility of combining simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker genotyping was determined for genetically mapping a novel aphid (Aphis craccivora) resistance locus in cowpea breeding line SARC 1‐57‐2 and for introgressing the resistance into elite cultivars by marker‐assisted backcrossing (MABC). The locus was tagged with codominant SSR marker CP 171F/172R with a recombination fraction of 5.91% in an F2 population from ‘Apagbaala’ x SARC 1‐57‐2. A SNP‐genotyped biparental recombinant inbred line population was genotyped for CP 171F/172R, which was mapped to position 11.5 cM on linkage group (LG) 10 (physical position 30.514 Mb on chromosome Vu10). Using CP 171F/172R for foreground selection and a KASP‐SNP‐based marker panel for background selection in MABC, the resistance from SARC 1‐57‐2 was introduced into elite susceptible cultivar ‘Zaayura’. Five BC4F3 lines of improved ‘Zaayura’ that were isogenic except for the resistance locus region had phenotypes similar to SARC 1‐57‐2. This study identified a novel aphid resistance locus and demonstrated the effectiveness of integrating SSR and SNP markers for trait mapping and marker‐assisted breeding.  相似文献   

20.
Hybrid breeding is a widely discussed alternative for triticale. Heterosis as well as general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated for eight agronomic traits. The experiment comprised 24 F1 hybrids, produced by a chemical hybridizing agent, together with their six female and four male parents, grown in drilled plots in two locations. In comparison with the mid‐parent values, hybrids averaged a 6.4 dt/ha (10.1%) higher grain yield, 8.4% more kernels per spike, a 6.8% higher 1000‐kernel weight, 9.7% lower falling number (FN) and 4.4% greater plant height. SCA effects for grain yield were significant and ranged from 4.5 to 6.9 dt/ha for grain yield. Together with GCA x location interactions, they explained most of the variation. For 1000‐kernel weight, GCA effects were predominant. SCA and interactions with location accounted for most of the variation in FN, whereas interactions were negligible for plant height. Correlations between mid‐parent and hybrid performance and between GCA and per se performance of parents were tight for all traits except grain yield, which allows for pre‐selection of parental lines. Although the amount of heterosis in triticale at present is closer to wheat than to rye, by selecting parents for combining ability and identifying heterotic patterns, grain yield heterosis of up to 20% appears sufficiently encouraging to embark on hybrid breeding.  相似文献   

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