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1998和 1999年夏选用 5 1份大豆材料对NJCMS1A进行测验性交配。在花期治虫预防昆虫传粉的基础上 ,通过成熟期的植株结实性辅以花粉发芽试验来判断F1雄性育性的恢复性。在此基础上初步筛选出了NJCMS1A的恢复源 2 1个以及保持源 17个 ,其中不育细胞质的提供者N885 5是不育系的恢复源。 相似文献
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1998和1999年夏选用51份大豆材料对NJCMSlA进行测验性交配。在花期治虫预防昆虫传粉的基础上，通过成熟期的植株结实性辅以花粉发芽试验来判断F1雄性育性的恢复性。在此基础上初步筛选出了NJCMSlA的恢复源21个以及保持源17个，其中不育细胞质的提供者N8855是不育系的恢复源。 相似文献
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芝麻雄性核不育化学保持效果初探 Ⅰ. 化学保持剂对核不育的育性恢复效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
罩网隔离条件下 ,用 5种化学保持剂 ( CRA)对 2个芝麻雄性核不育材料分 3个生育阶段进行叶面喷施。结果表明 :与空白对照相比 ,雄性不育株花粉不育度从 87.7%下降到 54.8% ,花粉育性恢复率最高可达32 .9% ,平均为 2 2 .9%。不育株自交结蒴率最高达到 1 7.9% ,结实率最高达到 8.0 %。以 D4、D5 、D1 1 、D1 2 、D1 4 、D1 6 6个处理效果较好 ,其单株自交结蒴率最高达 4 1 .4 % ,结实率最高达 2 0 .7% ,不育株单株自交结实能力提高 1 .8～ 1 2 .6倍。所用 5种化学保持剂以 CRA0 2为佳 相似文献
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通过授粉探讨、成铃考察和模拟昆虫传粉试验认为,棉花可分为自花和异花授粉两大类群.以自花授粉为主的一般棉种,在网室隔离和大田开放授粉条件下,自然成铃率较高且稳定,一般可达40%以上.生产上昆虫传粉虽常造成异交压力,但因自身花粉多,授粉(受精)进程快等优势,使这种压力大为降低,品种保纯可基本保证.靠异交成铃的质核不育材料,受生态环境影响较大,在网室和海南冬繁条件下,自然成铃几乎为零.此类生态条件利于保持系自交和不育系转育;在运城大田条件下,自然成铃率与常规品种接近.由于接受外源花粉的时间优势,扩大了昆虫传粉机遇,提高了异交成铃效果. 相似文献
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利用光镜和透射电镜对(N8855×N2899)F1不育株和(N2899×N8855)F1可育株、BC1F1不育株、质核互作不育系NJCMSlA和保持系NJCMSlB进行小孢子发育的细胞学比较观察.结果表明,同一胞质在不同的回交世代败育途径和表现相似,主要发生在单核后期到二胞花粉早期:(N8855×N2899)F1与BC1F1不育花药在小孢子单核靠边期细胞质产生不正常空泡,至近成熟花粉时细胞质部分解体、收缩;NJCMSlA花粉败育发生在二胞花粉期,初期原生质内小液泡比保持系增多,原生质内未形成淀粉粒,在生殖细胞远离营养细胞后,胞质呈现紊乱,生殖核与营养核消失,外壁内层及内壁停止发育,液泡增大,原生质部分解体.分别与反交F1及保持系比较,处于二胞花粉时期的正交F1及不育系细胞色素氧化酶最快迁移活性带缺失,此特征带缺失与不育花药败育时期基本同步. 相似文献
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水稻短光敏雄性核不育性的发现与利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
短光敏雄性核不育水稻是与农垦58S光反应相反的一种新的光温敏雄性核不育水稻。从籼稻B3与粳稻红粳配组的F1代异地结实率差异发现了水稻短光敏雄性不育现象;利用异地异季光温条件及人工控光施压选择,从杂种分离群体中定向选择育成短光敏雄性不育系宜DS1;以宜DS1为基因供体与紫圭杂交转育,育成籼型短光敏雄性不育系D38S。研究表明,宜DS1和D38S具有短光不育、长光可育的育性转换特性,在23~28℃的光敏温度范围内,短于13 h的光照诱导不育,长于13.5 h的光照诱导可育,光长主导育性转换。D38S具有优良的植株形态,可直接用作亲本选育两系杂交稻新组合。 相似文献
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属间杂交获得的甘蓝型油菜雄性不育材料的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用蕾期剥蕾授粉的方法,成功获得了新疆野生油菜野油2000-1和甘蓝型油菜Parol属间杂种。杂种F1育性极低,自由授粉条件下获得少量F2种子。在F2群体中成功选择到一株雄性不育株,用Parol做轮回亲本与不育株回交,BC1、BC2和BC3群体中可育株与不育株均呈1﹕1分离。用波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系和恢复系、681A的保持系和恢复系、隐性核不育86A的保持系及其它33个甘蓝型油菜品系与BC2群体中的不育株测交,测交后代可育株与不育株呈5﹕3分离的组合有20个,呈1﹕1分离的组合有14个,呈3﹕1分离的组合有3个,有一个组合的后代完全可育,表明该雄性不育材料可能为显性核不育。 相似文献
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棉花雄性核不育系光温A系简介 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为降低一代杂交棉的种子成本,1982年引进81A,经过30多代的研究,现已育成一种新的棉花雄性核不育系光温A系,使普及一代杂交棉将成为现实。1光温互作,育性可以转换光温A在石家庄棉花杂交制种最佳季节即长日照高温季节和海南冬季棉花杂交制种季节即温度较低的短日照季节表现为雄性不育,不育株率100%,不育度99.9%;在温度较高的短日照条件下表现为可育,可育株率100%,可以自然自交繁种。用F4姊妹交不育系制种F1真实杂交率为95%,用F6杂合可育株分离的不育株测交F1杂交率为98%,个别株行达到100%。2不育株有芽黄标记不育株出苗5~7天开始,即与可育… 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献