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海洋低温碱性蛋白酶的遗传毒理学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用NIH纯系小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和染色体畸变试验,探究海洋低温碱性蛋白酶的遗传毒性作用及对人类的潜在危害。观察并计数嗜多染红细胞（PCE)与正红细胞（NRBC）的比值、微核率;染色体的畸变类型和畸变率,检测海洋低温碱性蛋白酶的诱变作用。结果表明,皮下注射环磷酰胺的小鼠,P／N比值＜1,微核率为22.97‰,染色体畸变率为18.32,与生理盐水（NS）对照组比较差异极显著（P＜0.01),而海洋低温碱性蛋白酶各组小鼠微核率均＜4‰,染色体畸变率为0.19%-0.25%,与NS组比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。未见海洋低温碱性蛋白酶各组对小鼠骨髓细胞的遗传毒性。 相似文献
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为评价经臭氧处理后罗非鱼片产品的安全性,本研究分别采用SD大鼠急性经口毒性实验与KM小鼠遗传毒性实验来研究经臭氧处理后罗非鱼片的急性毒性与遗传毒性。结果显示:臭氧处理后的罗非鱼片对SD大鼠经口最大耐受剂量MTD15 g/kg;无论有无S9代谢活化系统,罗非鱼片5个剂量组TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102菌株的回变菌落数最大值为(156±10)个/皿,均未超过阳性对照组TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102菌株回变菌落数最小值[(1 773±83)个/皿]的2倍,重复实验结果一致;罗非鱼片高、中、低剂量小鼠的骨髓微核率分别为(0.40‰±0.88‰)(♀)/(0.40‰±0.83‰)(♂)、(0.60‰±0.89‰)(♀)/(0.80‰±1.29‰)(♂)与(0.80‰±1.09‰)(♀)/(0.60‰±0.89‰)(♂),与溶剂对照组微核率(1.20‰±1.29‰)(♀)/(0.40‰±0.89‰)(♂)相比无显著性差异(P0.05);罗非鱼片高、中、低剂量组小鼠睾丸染色体总畸变率分别为0.2%、0.2%和0.1%,与溶剂对照组总畸变率0.2%相比无显著性差异(P0.05)。研究表明:Ames实验、KM小鼠骨髓微核实验及睾丸染色体畸变实验结果均为阴性,经4.5 g/mL臭氧水处理30 min后的罗非鱼片毒性分级为无毒且无遗传毒性。 相似文献
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以转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲤和普通鲤鱼肉（受试物）作为小鼠的饲料基础蛋白成分,以10%、5%、2.5%的比例掺入饲料喂饲小鼠,并以常规大鼠饲料为阴性对照,采用二代繁殖试验法观察受试物对实验动物生殖周期全过程的影响,检测转基因鲤作为食物对实验动物小鼠生殖过程的毒性作用。结果表明,对各代各剂量组试验小鼠全部生殖毒性指标的检测结果,虽然有单项指标出现统计学差异,但未见其生物学意义,未见与喂饲转基因鲤相关的异常改变。经对出现统计学差异的各单项检测指标进行统计学和生物学意义分析,对转基因鲤（阳性）各组、普通鲤（阳性对照）各组、阴性对照组各指标综合观察,未发现转基因鲤对二代雌、雄性别小鼠有生殖毒性作用。 相似文献
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“清塘净”致突变作用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ames试验、黄鳝微核试验和白鲢染色体畸变分析三项试验的结果表明,“清塘净”的致突变性不明显。据其在生物体内的残留期短预测,清塘净潜在的致癌性也不明显。 相似文献
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黄姑鱼染色体识别与重复序列定位 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
黄姑鱼是我国重要的海水经济鱼类。然而,由于细胞遗传标记匮乏,黄姑鱼染色体仍然难以辨识。为了提高黄姑鱼染色体的配对识别水平,本研究利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)、吉姆萨染色和荧光染色技术分析了黄姑鱼染色体的特征。以总DNA为探针进行基因组DNA荧光原位杂交(genomic fluorescence in situ hybridization,GISH),从而获得黄姑鱼染色体图谱,可使每对染色体呈现特定的荧光信号。依据GISH荧光信号分布模式,可以辨识黄姑鱼的24对染色体。18S r DNA FISH结果显示,18S r DNA只有一对信号,分布于1号染色体臂间,并与吉姆萨染色呈现的次缢痕、DAPI阴性带和DPI染色高亮区域同位。5S r DNA有一强一弱两对信号,信号强的一对分布于1号染色体着丝粒端,信号弱的一对分布于4号染色体的远端。端粒信号在所有染色体的端部显示,但个别染色体一端信号微弱。本研究结果丰富了黄姑鱼的细胞遗传标记,为解决黄姑鱼染色体辨识问题提供参考依据,也为进一步研究石首鱼科染色体进化提供了资料。 相似文献
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两种不同体色黄鳝的染色体组型 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用PHA和秋水仙素活体注射法,首次对洞庭湖区两种不同体色黄鳝进行肾细胞染色体标本制备,并对其染色体数目及组型进行比较分析。结果表明,两种不同体色黄鳝的染色体数目相同,2N=24,且全部为端部着丝粒染色体;但两种不同体色黄鳝的染色体相对长度存在一定差异:黄鳝A的染色体相对长度为11.45±0.06~6.15±0.03,黄鳝B的染色体相对长度为11.53±0.01~5.23±0.09。试验结果为进一步研究洞庭湖区黄鳝种质资源的遗传多样性提供了基础性资料。 相似文献
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目的建立一种敏感、特异、快速的O型口蹄疫病毒抗体检测方法。方法以O型口蹄疫病毒衣壳蛋白VP1和HRP标记VP1兔抗血清为原料,通过方阵滴定试验确定ELISA的反应条件以及阈值,建立直接竞争ELISA检测方法 ,并运用该方法检测已知临床阴阳性样品。结果 VP1抗原包被浓度为50ng/μL;HRP标记抗血清工作浓度为1:2000;抑制率大于30%为阳性,抑制率小于30%为阴性;检测120阳性临床血清,阳性检出率为90.8%;检测120份阴性临床血清,阴性检出率为93.3%。结论研究建立的直接竞争ELISA方法操作简单,能够用于检测口蹄疫病毒O型抗体VP1抗体。 相似文献
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Faisal Rashid Sofi S. M. Zofair Vijay Kumar Reddy Surasani K. K. Sabha Nissar Rajkumar Ratankumar Singh 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3):253-263
Fatty fish have been recognized as potential raw material for production of minced meat; however, they are prone to oxidation and further deterioration. In the present study, the effect of washing and antioxidant (tannic acid) treatment on the quality of minced meat of Trachurus trachurus (horse mackerel) during frozen storage was observed. Minced meat of Trachurus trachurus was divided into three lots (T0, T1, and T2). T1 was washed with cold water, T2 with cold water containing tannic acid (100 mg/kg), and T0 was not washed. All the lots were frozen at ?40°C and stored at ?20 ± 2°C for 125 days and were subjected to biochemical, microbiological, and sensory evaluation at regular intervals of 25 days. The antioxidant treatment with tannic acid at the dosage used was found effective in minimizing the rancidity problems of minced meat (T2), compared to T0 and T1. During the whole period of storage, samples from T2 showed good quality in terms of microbiological, biochemical, and sensory analysis compared to T1 and T0. 相似文献
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关于鱼糜在冷藏过程中蛋白质变性的研究——冷藏过程中Ca++-ATPase活性变化的探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
本文就草鱼鱼糜在冷藏过程中肌原纤维蛋白Ca^ -ATPase活性的变化及几种因素对其活性的影响作了初步探讨。并与VBN值的变化作了比较。冷藏过程中，鱼糜的肌原纤维蛋白Ca^ -ATPase活性变化明显，而VBN值变化不大，因此可用肌原纤维蛋白Ca^ -ATPase活性的大小来鉴别冷藏前期鱼糜蛋白质的变性程度。几种因素对蛋白质变性具有不同程度的影响。对于已腐败的鱼糜，不宜用鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白Ca^ -ATPase活性来鉴定其品质的优劣。 相似文献
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试验研究了肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉池塘养殖奥尼罗非鱼的效果研究。24 000尾(349±28.3)g奥尼罗非鱼分为4组,每组设计3个平行试验区域,每2 000尾饲养于2×667 m2左右的实验区域中。对照组和1、2、3试验组日粮分别以鱼粉、肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉设计蛋白质水平为28%左右,消化能为2 670～2 810 Kcal/kg。在水温(28.2±2.8)℃饲养60 d。试验结果:①奥尼罗非鱼的相对生长率,食物转化率肉松粉组鱼粉组肉骨粉组羽毛粉组,差异显著(P0.05)。由于单位鱼成本不同,肉松粉组养殖效益为对照组的132.46%,肉骨粉组为对照组的96.60%,羽毛粉组为对照组的80.51%。②奥尼罗非鱼体水分,灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05);蛋白质含量鱼粉组肉松粉组肉骨粉组羽毛粉组,鱼粉组显著性高于肉骨粉和羽毛粉组(P0.05);脂肪含量肉骨粉组羽毛粉组肉松粉组鱼粉组,前3组显著性高于鱼粉组(P0.05)。③奥尼罗非鱼肥满度,脏体比,肝体比无显著性差异(P0.05),仅肉骨粉组肠脂比及肝脂肪含量最高,羽毛粉组最低,显著性差异(P0.05)。在池塘养殖中,饲料中使用肉松粉替代鱼粉可明显降低成本,提高经济效益。在罗非鱼饲料中使用部分肉骨粉和羽毛粉是安全的。 相似文献
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防止白鲢鱼糜蛋白质冷冻变性的研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
用正交试验Ｌ９（３＾３）法研究了白链鱼糜蛋白经漂洗后，添加食品磷酸盐和蔗糖作为抗冻剂对防止冷冻变性的影响。结果显示：漂洗液的盐分浓度越低，鱼糜中蔗糖含量越高，蛋白质冷冻变性程度越小。添加食品磷酸盐对漂洗和未漂洗鱼糜的影响有所不同。此外，在无抗冻剂条件下冷冻，漂洗鱼糜蛋白质的变性程度大于未漂洗鱼糜，而抗冻剂在提高漂洗鱼糜蛋白质抗冷冻变性的效果比未漂洗鱼糜要明显。 相似文献
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We compared the luring effectiveness of artificial bait made from fish waste with natural baits in pots targeting the sand crab Ovalipes punctatus in the East China Sea. Bait types used were fish (mackerel), minced fish (heads of greenling) and two artificial baits made mostly from fish waste and starch. The first two need frozen storage but artificial bait does not. Three fishing operations were conducted in May 2010 and in each forty pots (10/treatment) were fastened along a bottom line. Results for the three operations had catch data for 30 pots/treatment. The number of crabs captured was 496, of which 206 (41.5%) were caught in pots containing fish, 116 (23.4%) in those with minced bait, and 93 (18.8%) and 81(16.3%) in pots baited with the two artificial baits, respectively. Fish was significantly more attractive than minced bait and artificial baits, but no differences were detected between the other baits. Natural baits disappeared almost entirely by the time of hauling, with only 1% of the fish and 5.3% of the minced bait remaining; artificial bait remained almost intact (96.3–100%). The artificial bait catch was approximately half of that of fish bait, but it only contained 30% fish waste. Furthermore, if catch returns are calculated according to the bait's fish content their efficiency seemed higher, ranging from 88 to 100 crabs/kg of fish waste vs only 69 crabs/kg of fish. 相似文献
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冻结速率和冻藏温度对鲢肉蛋白质冷冻变性的影响 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
研究了冻结和冻藏温度对鲢肉肌原纤维Ca-ATPase活性和盐溶性蛋白溶解度的影响并作了冷冻切片观察，结果发现，冻结速率对具有一定细胞形态的鲢肌蛋白质的冷冻变性有一定的影响，对无完整细胞形态的碎鱼肉和鱼糜基本无影响，而冻藏温度对鱼肌、碎鱼肉和鱼糜蛋白质冷冻变性都有显著的影响，即温度越低，变性越小，而抗冻剂可有效防止蛋白质的冷冻变性，尤其是使鱼糜肌原纤维蛋白质的稳定性大大提高。 相似文献
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Kevin C Williams Brian D Paterson Christopher G Barlow † Anne Ford & Robert Roberts 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(1):33-42
The organoleptic quality of barramundi fed for 66 days on pelleted diets containing varying amounts of fish meal and meat meal was determined in two experiments (E1 and E2). Each compared four diets: a 430 g kg?1 crude protein (CP) control diet (containing 35% Chilean anchovy fish meal); two diets containing high inclusions (40% or more) of meat meal; and a proprietary barramundi diet. In E1, the two meat meal diets contained 10% Chilean fish meal whereas the two meat meal diets in E2 had no marine protein ingredients. Panellists identified and rated the colour of flesh, and scored odour, flavour and texture characteristics and overall liking on structured graphic line scales (0–100). Fish fed the high‐meat meal diets were sweeter and firmer than those fed the high‐fish meal control diet in E1 (P < 0.05). Scores for fishy flavour were also highest for the meat meal diets and lowest for the proprietary diet. In both E1 and E2, scores were high (> 60) for overall liking and low (< 10) for undesirable odours and tastes. Exclusion of all sources of marine protein from the diet in E2 did not detract from the sensory value of the fish. The influence of diet on the fatty acid profile of the fish was examined in E2. Compared with fish fed the control diet, the neutral lipid fraction of those fed the meat meal diets had higher proportions of saturated and short‐chain monounsaturated fatty acids at the expense of longer chain fatty acids, especially 22:6n‐3. Polar lipids showed only subtle dietary effects, which were confined to the long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids. 相似文献
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Chinese perch are one of the most valuable food fish in China, but the sole source of feed for intensive culture is live prey fish. Our previous studies on systematic sensory physiology revealed that this species have a mechanism for this peculiar feeding habit. In the present study, a specific training procedure was designed, and both experimental (initial body weight 171.0 g; 120 days) and commercial (initial body weight 52.4 g; 240 days) net-cage cultures were conducted to investigate the training success, growth performance and survival of the trained yearlings fed with nonlive or Oregon-type moist diet. The training successes of minced prey fish and the Oregon moist diet were 100 and 89.9%, respectively, in experimental culture, and 92.2 and 83.5% in commercial culture. In an experimental trial, the fish fed minced prey fish or the Oregon moist diet attained final body weights of 472.7 g or 344.7 g, although the specific growth rates of these groups were significantly lower than that of the fish fed live prey fish (final body weight 560.0 g). Mortality was not significantly related to dietary treatment. In commercial culture, the final body weights were as follows: 750 g on live prey fish, 705 g on minced prey fish and 651 g on the Oregon moist diet. Feed costs to produce 1 kg fish were estimated to be US$6.59 for live prey fish, US$1.76 for minced prey fish and US$2.07 for the Oregon moist diet. The results of the present study confirmed that sensory modality and associative learning appear to be critical factors in determining food discrimination of Chinese perch, indicating that both minced trash fish and Oregon-type moist diet can be substituted for live prey fish in intensive commercial production. 相似文献
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Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) degrades to dimethylamine (DMA) and formaldehyde, which cause a decline in fish quality. Suppression of DMA
formation in frozen surimi was investigated using croaker, lizardfish, and walleye pollock. The leaching process in surimi
processing was shown to reduce not only the TMAO, iron, and taurine content, but also to reduce unidentified factors that
accelerate DMA formation in lizardfish muscle; in contrast, unidentified factors that suppress DMA formation were reduced
in croaker and pollock muscle. Sucrose, used as a cryoprotectant, was shown to decrease DMA formation in vitro, likely due
to the reduction in freezing-induced concentration of solutes. The effects of pH on DMA formation were different in minced
frozen meat among the three species. DMA formation was not observed in croaker when the pH varied between 6 and 8. On the
other hand, DMA was elevated in lizardfish under acidic conditions, and DMA formation in pollock was maximal when the pH of
the meat was neutral. Thus, the suppression of TMAO degradation by surimi processing results from the removal of TMAO, iron,
and reductants from fish meat; sucrose also reduces DMA formation. Furthermore, unidentified factors in croaker, lizardfish,
and pollock meat substantially affect DMA formation. 相似文献
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为了解凤鲚(Coilia mystus)染色体数量和核型结构,以上海市临港近岸的1~2龄性成熟凤鲚为材料,采用鳃丝细胞进行短期离体培养方法制备染色体标本,对凤鲚染色体核型进行了研究。结果表明,凤鲚雌雄染色体数量存在差异,雌性染色体数目为2n=47,雄性染色体数目为2n=48;核型公式为2n(♀)=47 t,2n(♂)=48 t;雌性染色体臂数(NF)=47,雄性NF=48。雄性凤鲚染色体相对长度范围为(2.66±0.27)5.54±0.25,雌性凤鲚染色体相对长度范围为(2.83±0.32)5.70±0.38,雌雄凤鲚的染色体相对长度不存在显著差异(P>0.05),各相邻两对染色体之间相对长度无明显差异(P>0.05)。在凤鲚的染色体中,最长的一对染色体上存在随体,次缢痕。凤鲚存在性染色体,其性染色体类型为ZO/ZZ型。 相似文献