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1.
SUMMARY: Case records of 450 horses with signs of neurological disease are reviewed. One hundred and nineteen horses with neurological disease due to trauma were examined, of which 60 were due to spinal cord trauma, 47 to brain or cranial nerve trauma and 12 to peripheral nerve trauma. Cervical vertebral fractures/trauma were the most common injury. Basisphenold/basloccipital bone fractures were the most common form of cranial trauma and facial nerve paralysis the most common cranial nerve injury. Eighty-nine horses with neurological disease due to malformation were examined. Cervical vertebral malformation occurred in 83 horses and congenital defects in 6 foals. Neurological disease due to inflammation or infection occurred in 30 horses. The most common disease of this type was meningitis, which occurred in 11 horses and foals. Neoplasms in the CNS caused neurological disease in 8 horses. The final category was miscellaneous neurological disease, which was diagnosed in 204 horses. Diseases in this category included neonatal (28 cases), toxic/metabolic (27 cases), idiopathic (133 cases), degenerative (3 cases) and other neurological diseases (13 cases). The most common condition was idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (116 cases).
Where possible, diagnosis relied on a thorough neurological examination with use of ancillary tests in selected cases including rhinolaryngoscopy, radiography, myelography, ophthalmoscopy and cerebrospinal fluid analysis when indicated. In many cases necropsy and histopathological confirmation or diagnosis was necessary.  相似文献   

2.
A retrospective analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings from 51 adult horses with chronic diarrhoea revealed that the most common conditions were larval cyathostomiasis (14 cases), idiopathic chronic colitis (nine cases) and alimentary lymphoma (five cases). Five animals had diarrhoea as a result of non-alimentary disease. A diagnosis was reached in 37 cases, but only 15 were made ante mortem. Among the 18 animals (35 per cent) which survived, there were five cases of larval cyathostomiasis, one case of colonic impaction and 12 cases were undiagnosed. The most frequent abnormalities detected in blood samples from the horses were neutrophilia, hypoalbuminaemia, hyperglobulinaemia and high alkaline phosphatase activity. Evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption was found in 16 of 28 cases in which oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. No diagnostic specificity was apparent in either the clinical signs or the laboratory findings.  相似文献   

3.
Systolic hypertension was diagnosed in 30 cats. At diagnosis, 16 of those were found to be in chronic renal failure only, while five were azotaemic and either receiving treatment for hyperthyroidism (four cases) or were untreated hyperthyroid cases (one case). Two cases were untreated hyperthyroid cases with no evidence of azotaemia and the remaining seven cases had no definitive diagnosis of the underlying cause of their hypertension. The successful treatment used for the majority of cases was amlodipine, which lowered systolic blood pressure from 202.5+/-16.8 to 153.2+/-21.6 mmHg (mean+/-SD; n=29) within the first 50 days. Each case was followed for at least three months, or to the end of its natural life, and each cat was re-examined every six to eight weeks. Systolic blood pressure was kept below a target value of 165 mmHg in 58 per cent of cases treated for three months or longer. At the time of writing, 19 of the cases had died or been euthanased with a median treatment time of 203 days, one case was lost to follow-up and 10 cases were still alive, nine of which had been treated for six months or more. Amlodipine can be used for long-term control of feline systemic hypertension.  相似文献   

4.
AIM: To describe outcomes for horses diagnosed with incomplete, non-displaced fractures of the frontal plane of the radial facet (INFR) of the third carpal bone (C3) treated by placement of a lag screw across the fracture under arthroscopic guidance. METHODS: Horses (n=13) diagnosed with INFR and treated between December 1999 and January 2005 using a lag screw placed over the fracture were studied. For each case, five horses matched for sire, age and sex which were not known to have INFR were sought for comparison. Racing performance data were collected from a commercial online database. The racing performance of cases pre- and post-operatively, and of cases and matched horses in the post-operative period was compared. RESULTS: Sixteen INFR were found in the 13 horses. Radiographic evidence of healed fracture lines 2-4 months after surgery was seen in 11/16 (69%) fractures; 11/13 (85%) cases raced again after a median recovery period of 292 (range 149-681) days. Treatment was considered successful in 9/13 (69%) cases, which were still in training or had been retired for reasons other than lameness localised to the middle carpal joint at the end of the study period. Just 6/13 (46%) cases had raced prior to injury. The racing ability pre- and post-operatively of five cases was compared, three (60%) of which performed better post-operatively than they had before. There was no significant difference in racing longevity or ability post-operatively between patients and matched (control) horses. CONCLUSIONS: Post-operatively, there was little difference in the racing performance between horses diagnosed with INFR which had a lag screw placed across the fracture line and horses matched for sire, age and sex which were not known to have INFR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses which were diagnosed with INFR of C3 and had a lag screw placed across the fracture had a good prognosis for future racing performance.  相似文献   

5.
Meniscal damage associated with cruciate disease in the dog   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Pathology of the menisci was evaluated in 87 consecutive cases of cruciate disease in the dog. Lesions were recorded in 43 cases (49 per cent) and only the medial meniscus was affected. The commonest lesion was a folding of the caudal horn of the medial meniscus with its displacement between the medial femoral and tibial condyles (19 cases). Other lesions were single or multiple longitudinal tears (14 cases) in which four showed the classical ‘bucket handle’ appearance, fibrillation/tearing of the femoral surface (four cases), axial fringe tears (three cases) and transverse tears (three cases). The meniscal lesions were treated by a partial meniscectomy at the time of the cruciate surgery. Meniscectomy had no untoward effect on the postoperative recovery and overall the postoperative recovery of the dogs in this study has been superior to the author's previous cases where the menisci were not properly evaluated.  相似文献   

6.
An indirect immunoperoxidase (IP) procedure using a specific monoclonal antibody and an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex was developed and applied to detect virus antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. This IP procedure was compared with currently used diagnostic tests for detection of virus-induced abortions caused by bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1). The IP procedure was applied to detect BHV-1 antigen in sections of liver and lung from 87 aborted fetuses. Sixteen of these cases were positive for viral antigen by IP staining. Sections from both liver and lung were positive in 15 of the 16 cases. A fluorescent antibody test (FA), which was applied to acetone-fixed frozen sections of liver and lung, gave positive results on 12 of the 87 fetuses, 11 of which were also positive by IP. Seven of the 12 FA-positive cases were positive on both sections of liver and lung. When FA and IP were compared. FA had a sensitivity of 67% and IP had a sensitivity of 94%. Virus was isolated from one of the 67 cases tested. The tissues in which antigen was most frequently detected by IP were liver, lung, and kidney. Distinct multifocal staining was seen in positive sections of all these tissues.  相似文献   

7.
AIM: To describe outcomes for horses diagnosed with incomplete, non-displaced fractures of the frontal plane of the radial facet (INFR) of the third carpal bone (C3) treated by placement of a lag screw across the fracture under arthroscopic guidance.

METHODS: Horses (n=13) diagnosed with INFR and treated between December 1999 and January 2005 using a lag screw placed over the fracture were studied. For each case, five horses matched for sire, age and sex which were not known to have INFR were sought for comparison. Racing performance data were collected from a commercial online database. The racing performance of cases pre- and post-operatively, and of cases and matched horses in the post-operative period was compared.

RESULTS: Sixteen INFR were found in the 13 horses. Radiographic evidence of healed fracture lines 2–4 months after surgery was seen in 11/16 (69%) fractures; 11/13 (85%) cases raced again after a median recovery period of 292 (range 149–681) days. Treatment was considered successful in 9/13 (69%) cases, which were still in training or had been retired for reasons other than lameness localised to the middle carpal joint at the end of the study period. Just 6/13 (46%) cases had raced prior to injury. The racing ability pre- and post-operatively of five cases was compared, three (60%) of which performed better post-operatively than they had before. There was no significant difference in racing longevity or ability post-operatively between patients and matched (control) horses.

CONCLUSIONS: Post-operatively, there was little difference in the racing performance between horses diagnosed with INFR which had a lag screw placed across the fracture line and horses matched for sire, age and sex which were not known to have INFR.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Horses which were diagnosed with INFR of C3 and had a lag screw placed across the fracture had a good prognosis for future racing performance.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract: The results of liver cytology and corresponding biopsy specimens submitted to the Pathology Department at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital during 1998 were retrospectively reviewed to objectively assess the diagnostic value of liver cytology. A "corresponding" biopsy was defined as a biopsy specimen obtained within 1 day of the cytology specimen. Fifty-six cases were reviewed, including 25 from dogs and 31 from cats. Results were in complete agreement in 34 cases, in partial agreement in 11 cases, and in disagreement in 11 cases. Agreement occurred most often in cases of fatty change (10 cases) and neoplasia (7 cases of lymphoma and 3 cases of epithelial tumor). Disagreement was most common in cases of hepatitis (6 cases) in which inflammation was not seen in cytologic specimens. Other causes for disagreement included fibrosis (2 cases), and 1 case each of amyloidosis, hemangiosarcoma, and lymphoma. Three cytologic specimens were considered suggestive of hepatitis because of leukocytosis in the background, although clinicians were advised to compare cytologic observation to CBC results. Cytologic evaluation of the liver was useful for determining disease processes, especially when disease distribution was diffuse.  相似文献   

9.
Objectives : To retrospectively assess the long‐term outcome for dogs that were presented with collapse, syncope or exercise intolerance for which an underlying cause is not identified. Methods : The clinical records of animals presenting to two practices were assessed. Dogs which presented for collapse, syncope or exercise intolerance at least 6 months previously and did not receive a definitive diagnosis despite investigation were included. Follow‐up of these cases was carried out by conducting telephone interviews with the owners. Results : One hundred and fifty‐three cases were successfully followed up. Clinical signs had resolved in 64 cases (42%), 35 dogs (23%) were continuing to exhibit clinical signs, although 22 of these had improved without medical intervention. In 17 cases (11%), a diagnosis had subsequently been made or treatment was being administered and 37 dogs (24%) had died. Of the deaths, 18 (12%) were considered to be related to the original presentation. The overall prevalence of death and deterioration related to the problems investigated was 16·2% of cases. Death in boxers was significantly more common than in other breeds (36%). Clinical Significance : Death and deterioration are uncommon outcomes for dogs other than boxers presenting with collapse, syncope and exercise intolerance for which a definitive diagnosis cannot be made.  相似文献   

10.
Between 1977 and 1992, 15 adult dogs were presented to the Universities of Bristol, Glasgow, Liverpool and London with fractures of the radial carpal bone which had occurred without a known episode of violent trauma. Eleven of the dogs were boxers and the other breeds affected were a Pharaoh hound, rottweiler, springer spaniel and a greyhound. The condition was bilateral in three cases. Eleven dogs were treated surgically by cast immobilisation (four cases), fragment removal (one case), lag screw fixation (three cases), pan-carpal arthrodesis (one case) and lag screw reduction followed by pan-carpal arthrodesis (two cases). The remaining four dogs were treated conservatively with rest and tactical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Follow-up periods ranged from two months to 11 years. Varying degrees of lameness, which tended to be exacerbated by exercise, persisted in all cases. The radial carpal bone appears to have at least three separate centres of ossification which eventually fuse; their planes of fusion correspond approximately to the two main fracture lines. These areas of fusion could be weak points within the radial carpal bone.  相似文献   

11.
In the present study the diagnostic use of a biotinylated serum from an immune rabbit was investigated by means of an Avidin-Biotin-Complex (ABC)-Peroxidase method on paraffin sections. 15 cases of RHD which had been verified histologically and/or by haemagglutination test (HA), 4 suspected cases and 3 cases without history of RHD were included (cases 1 to 22). From 5 prospective cases a wider tissue range was examined (cases 23 to 25 and 29 to 30). Furthermore lungs, liver and placenta of 3 fetuses from a RHD affected dam were investigated (cases 26 to 28). The 20 typical cases had intense intranuclear and diffuse intracytoplasmic immunostaining of hepatocytes, predominantly in the periportal areas. In some cases there was also positive staining of macrophages in the lungs (4 cases), spleen (4 cases) and in lymph nodes (1 case). Positive granular staining in the renal mesangial cells of the glomeruli was observed in 1 case. No positive staining was observed in the 3 negative cases. In contrast to other reports (4), crossreactivity of these antigens to Porcine Parvovirus (PPV) could not be confirmed. Furthermore the RHD virus (RHDV) seems not to crossreact with Feline and Bovine Parvoviruses.  相似文献   

12.
Histopathological and bacteriological examinations were performed on 178 brains from Sardinian sheep which were showing neurological signs. The sheep represented the total number of sheep with neurological syndromes submitted for diagnostic investigations over a three-year period in Sardinia. Scrapie was detected in 57 cases, cerebrocortical necrosis in 25, intoxication by a typical Mediterranean plant (Cistus species) was suspected in 25, coenurosis was detected in 11 cases, Listeria monocytogenes in eight cases and focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in six cases. Non-suppurative inflammatory changes were observed in three of the brains and suppurative changes were noted in two. Lesions restricted to the spinal cord were found in three cases. In the remaining 38 cases there were no significant neuropathological changes.  相似文献   

13.
A population of wild brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in which bovine tuberculosis was endemic was vaccinated with live bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) to determine the efficacy of vaccination. The population on the 56 hectare site was monitored bimonthly over 2 years using a capture-release regime. During the study tuberculosis was diagnosed by clinical and post mortem examination. Possums were vaccinated with BCG by both intranasal aerosol and conjunctival instillation. Possums were revaccinated on average every 5 months. Over the 2 years, 300 possums were recruited to the study with 149 being allocated to the vaccination group. There were significantly fewer cases of tuberculosis in the vaccinated (4 cases) than in the unvaccinated group (13 cases; P=0.023). The vaccine efficacy was 69%. An attempt was made to increase the incidence of disease by releasing onto the site possums that had been experimentally infected with a strain of M. bovis unknown in the area. However, this did not result in any additional cases. BCG vaccine was shown to have a level of efficacy which could be of assistance in controlling tuberculosis in wild possum populations. The future use of vaccination for the control of tuberculosis in wild possum populations is discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Reference intervals for serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) were created from a group of 75 clinically healthy dogs and compared with SPE results obtained from clinical cases presented to the University of Bristol over an eight-and-a-half-year period. A total of 147 dogs, in which SPE had been performed, had complete case records available and thus met the inclusion criteria. Signalment and final diagnoses taken from the case records and SPE results were divided into normal and abnormal based on the newly established reference intervals. Cases were grouped according to the SPE protein fraction abnormalities and diagnosis using the DAMNITV classification system. Of the 147 cases, 140 (95.2 per cent) had abnormal SPE results. The most common protein fraction abnormality was decreased albumin (59.3 per cent) followed by a polyclonal increase in γ globulins (38.6 per cent). Decreased β-1 globulins and increased β-2 globulins were documented in 36.4 and 30.0 per cent of cases, respectively. The most common DAMNITV classification associated with abnormal SPE results was infectious/inflammatory disease, which was diagnosed in 79 of 140 cases (56.4 per cent). Monoclonal gammopathies were noted in eight dogs (5.7 per cent), and underlying lymphoproliferative disease was present in all cases where a diagnosis was achieved, including multiple myeloma (four dogs), splenic plasmacytoma (one dog), hepatic plasmacytoma (one dog) and lymphoma (one dog).  相似文献   

15.
Clinical and pathological diagnoses were compared in a prospective study of 145 dogs. A diagnostic work up had been performed on all dogs of which 36 (24.8%) died and 109 (75.2%) were euthanatized. In 119 dogs (82.1%) both a clinical and patholical diagnosis was made, in 20 dogs (13.8%) no pathological diagnosis could be made and in 6 dogs (4.1%) no clinical diagnosis was established. In the 119 dogs the agreement level between clinical and pathological diagnosis was scored by the referring veterinarian together with a pathologist. Total agreement was found in 61 cases (51.3%) and disagreement in 31 cases (26.0%). In the remaining cases (27=22.7%) the pathological diagnosis further specified the clinical diagnosis. Consecutive submission appeared difficult to achieve by the participating veterinarians. However, no major differences in agreement level was present between the veterinarian which succeeded in almost consecutive submissions and the other veterinarians. At necropsy 42 cases were diagnosed as neoplasia, of which 52.4% had been diagnosed clinically. As to infectious diseases 55.0% of these diseases diagnosed at necropsy had been diagnosed clinically. In about 20% of the cases the differences were of clinical significance according to the referring veterinarians. In addition, it was indicated by the clinicians that about 50% of the necropsies revealed findings which could amend future patient care. The results of the study stress the relevance of postmortem examination as crucial part of continuing education and of quality monitoring and assurance in veterinary medicine.  相似文献   

16.
This paper describes the clinical features, and diagnostic findings of a chronic respiratory condition in 29 West Highland white terriers. Typically, the dogs were coughing chronically, had dyspnoea and tachypnoea of varying severity, and had deteriorated progressively over months to years. The mean (sem) survival time in months from the clinical signs being first noted by the owners was 17.9 (2.3). Most cases had a combination of respiratory signs, but coughing was the predominant sign in 18 cases. Inspiratory crackles were audible on chest auscultation in 28 cases, 10 of which were also wheezing. Rhonchi were the predominant sound in the remaining case. The main radiographic changes were mild to severe increased Interstitial markings in all cases, with additional bronchial markings in 14 of the dogs. Right-sided cardiomegaly (cor pulmonale) was recorded in 15. Bronchoscopic findings in 17 of the dogs were either normal or involved a mild airway mucoid reaction in eight. Chronic mucosal changes were observed in eight, but in two this finding was equivocal. Dynamic changes to the lumen of the airway were present in seven cases. No significant haematological or biochemical changes could be detected in 20 cases, but four cases were hypercholestrolaemic. A histopathological assessment of four cases revealed alveolar septal fibrosis to be the predominant change. Prednisolone, with or without bronchodilators, was the most commonly used therapy, and the response was variable. The condition appears to be associated with significant pulmonary interstitial fibrosis of unknown aetiology and has clinical similarities to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) in human beings.  相似文献   

17.
The radiographs of 60 cases of canine nasal neoplasia were reviewed. The dorso-ventral intra-oral view provided most information and the lateral view supplied supplementary detail. The most common changes were turbinate destruction rostrally and caudally, with a homogenous increase in radiopacity. Bilateral involvement was present in 38 cases. Absence (26) and thinning (7) of the vomer bone were found, as was deviation of the cartilaginous septum (11). Destruction of the maxilla or palatine bones produced radiolucencies which were superimposed on the increased radio-opacity in 17 cases.  相似文献   

18.
The clinical and radiological findings in 14 cases of idiopathic pericardial haemorrhage are reported. Seven dogs recovered following treatment by pericardial drainage (six cases) or pericardectomy (one case). Four cases later relapsed of which two were again treated successfully. One dog apparently responded to conservative treatment but died of a relapse one month later. In the remaining six animals, which all died or were destroyed during either investigation or treatment, pericardial haemorrhage was confirmed at post-mortem examination.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Databases (2001–2008) for cases in which recombinant bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) was used to aid in management of orthopedic disease were reviewed and cases were categorized as non-unions, delayed unions, and cases expected to heal with difficulty. If follow-up in the medical record was < 6 mo for live animals, owners were surveyed by telephone. Thirteen cases (11 dogs, 2 cats) were identified; OP-1 (rhBMP-7) was used in 3 cases and INFUSE (rhBMP-2) in 10. Mean time from injury to rhBMP use for non- and delayed union cases was 156 d; mean time from rhBMP use to radiographic healing was 101 d. No systemic side effects were reported. All patients achieved clinical and radiographic bone union following rhBMP administration. Recombinant human BMP was used in 13 veterinary patients to successfully achieve bone union without serious deleterious effects in a variety of clinical applications.  相似文献   

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