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1.
为评价种衣剂防治玉米田双斑长跗萤叶甲的可行性,通过选用内吸性强、持效期长的种衣剂,设置常规剂量对玉米种子进行包衣处理,采取田间罩网小区试验,明确种衣剂对双斑长跗萤叶甲的防效及对玉米出苗、生长的安全性。结果表明,30%噻虫嗪FS、10%氟虫腈FSC、38%噻虫胺FSC、40%噻虫嗪·溴氰虫酰胺FS、30%噻虫嗪·氟虫腈FSC、30%噻虫胺·氟虫腈FSC、20%噻虫胺·氟啶虫酰胺FSC等7种种衣剂对玉米出苗、生长均安全;38%噻虫胺FSC有效成分用量7.6 g/kg种子处理对双斑长跗萤叶甲的防治效果为70.6%～78.5%,防效最好,显著高于除30%噻虫胺·氟虫腈FSC 7.5 g/kg处理外的其他种衣剂处理(P<0.05),并且可使双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫羽化出土始现期、出土高峰期推迟5～10 d,可以使成虫高峰期避开玉米吐丝期。玉米田双斑长跗萤叶甲防控前移推荐使用38%噻虫胺FSC,有效成分剂量为7.6 g/kg种子。 相似文献
2.
蠋敌对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的捕食功能研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在室内研究了捕食性天敌蠋敌对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的捕食功能反应。结果表明,蠋敌对双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫的捕食功能符合HollingⅡ模型,日最大捕食量为20.4头双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫,捕食一头双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫需要2.94min,功能系数为0.5169;蠋敌成虫个体间相互干扰对捕食效应的影响可以用E=0.4046*P-0.3914模拟;蠋敌若虫对自身密度的功能反应可以用A=0.3034p-0.5357模拟。经卡方检验,其理论值与实测值无统计学差异。 相似文献
3.
双斑长跗萤叶甲发生规律观察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
双斑长跗萤叶甲[Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)]俗称双斑萤叶甲。原来寄主为豆类、苜蓿、玉米等作物,2002年在玉米制种地附近的棉田里小面积为害棉花,2004年以后成为博乐地区棉田的主要害虫。为了更好地控制其为害,2004￣2005年对该虫的为害特点和发生规律在田间进行了饲养及田间观察。1为害特点双斑长跗萤叶甲以成虫在白天为害棉花叶片,花蕾苞叶、花柱,夜间躲在棉叶下休息。一般在5月中旬棉花苗期出现,开始出现成虫取食棉花叶片表层叶肉组织,5月下旬棉花蕾期是双斑长跗萤叶甲为害最严重时期,7月中旬花期为害减轻,因气温高、棉株叶… 相似文献
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近年来,双斑长跗萤叶甲数量逐年上升,其分布广泛,寄主多样,危害严重,成为玉米、大豆等作物上的重要害虫。笔者于2022年7―9月在吉林公主岭田间采集双斑长跗萤叶甲成虫时,在其体内发现了一种寄生蜂。通过形态学及分子生物学鉴定为冈田长柄茧蜂Streblocera (Eutanycerus) okadai Watanabe（茧蜂科Braconidae长柄茧蜂属Streblocera亮角茧蜂亚属Eutanycerus）,基于CO I基因的分子进化树结果显示与长柄茧蜂属寄生蜂聚为一类。截至目前,国内外未有双斑长跗萤叶甲寄生性天敌报道。本研究填补了双斑长跗萤叶甲寄生蜂生防资源的空白,也为该害虫的生物防治提供了新策略。 相似文献
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玉米双斑长足跗萤叶甲(Momoleptahieroglyphica Motschulsky)又叫双斑萤叶甲。2002年在陈仓地区夏玉米上首次较重发生,目前已成为夏玉米上的一种主要害虫,并有逐渐加重发生趋势,一般受害田产量损失率达15%左右。为此,笔者自2002年至今通过4年的田间观察及防治探索,初步摸清了玉米双斑长足跗萤叶甲在我区夏玉米上的发生特点及田间消长规律,并摸索出了先治田外后治田内的一套经济有效的综合防治措施。1发生情况玉米双斑长足跗萤叶甲在2002年以前在玉米田很少发现为害,但自2002年夏玉米田暴发以来,发生为害程度日趋严重(表1)。时间(年)发生面… 相似文献
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新疆棉区双斑长跗萤叶甲生活习性及消长动态调查研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
双斑长跗萤叶甲是新疆北疆棉区近几年来为害棉花的一类新害虫.通过2004～2007年对卵、幼虫、蛹取土样分离调查,对成虫定田块系统调查,基本明确了该虫主要以卵在棉田0～15 cm土层越冬,幼虫主要取食棉田及其周围棉花、玉米、杂草等的根系,完成其生长发育.成虫为害棉花,6月底、7月上旬为发生为害高峰.双斑长附萤叶甲喜高温、干旱的习性与本区近年来棉花大面积集约化种植、节水灌溉的日益普及是该虫近年发生加重的重要原因. 相似文献
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根据调查发现,近年由于气候和耕作制度的变化,双斑长跗萤叶甲在辽宁省建平县菜区,特别是设施蔬菜上的为害加重,分布广、虫量大,成虫为害期长,对秋菜幼苗集中为害严重.为此提出须采取科学有效防治策略和合理耕作,规避为害;对为害较重的田块,除及时化防外,补水、补肥加快生长,提高植株的抗逆性或耐受能力,减轻损失的具体措施. 相似文献
10.
为了明确双斑长跗萤叶甲Monolepta hieroglyphica(Motschulsky)在相邻农田生态系统中种群消长规律,为该虫的预测预报和综合治理提供科学依据。于2016年在位于山西省长治市的山西省农业科学院谷子研究所的试验田内,对相邻的大豆、玉米及谷子试验田用网捕法和直接观察法对双斑长跗萤叶甲种群动态、垂直分布和有虫株率进行了调查;并在谷田内做了该虫的日节律调查。研究显示该虫更偏向于取食玉米和谷子。双斑长跗萤叶甲在3种农作物田中的种群数量交替增长,彼此之间存在相互影响。8月中上旬是双斑长跗萤叶甲种群数量高峰期,日节律调查发现该虫的活动高峰主要集中在傍晚18:00左右;活动适宜温度为25~30℃。根据该虫在相邻农田中种群动态曲线推测,在谷子花期时,双斑长跗萤叶甲种群从大豆和玉米田中向谷田转移;当谷子花期结束,谷田中的种群又向大豆和玉米田转移。 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
14.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
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Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
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Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
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M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献