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Sex type determination in papaya (Carica papaya L.) is very important for crop improvement processes because it accelerates the identification of the fruitful plants. The
use of molecular technology provides a quick and reliable identification of sex types in plantlets growing in seedbeds. Random
amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to determine the sex types of Colombian cultivars of dioecious papaya genotypes.
This species has three sex types (male, female and hermaphrodite) determined by a multiallelic locus. There are no morphological
differences at the chromosome level; therefore the identification of sex types by chromosomal dimorphism is not possible.
A RAPD marker of 900 bp was found in male plants, but not in females or hermaphrodites. From this RAPD marker a sequence characterized
amplified region (SCAR) was developed and it was possible to amplify fragments from the genomes of male and hermaphrodite
plants, but not the female ones. The results indicate that this new SCAR marker will be valuable to determine the sex type
of papaya plants. 相似文献
3.
Eliana Gertrudes Macedo Lemos Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha Silva Humberto Actis Zaidan 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):179-184
Brazil is currently the worlds largest producer of papaya (Carica papayaL.), producing fruits for both the domestic market and export. Only fruits from hermaphrodite plants are marketed because
they have the necessary commercial characteristics, i.e. they are pear-shaped and have thicker flesh and a smaller internal
cavity. Increased papaya yield has been limited mainly by the ratio of female to hermaphrodite (1: 2) plants normally occurring
in orchards. This ratio causes great losses to papaya producers and the identification of the sex of seedlings during the
nursery stage would be an important advance. In our study random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to differentiate
between the sexual forms of three commercial C. papaya cultivars belonging to the Solo group. RAPD assays using the BC210 primer were able to detect hermaphrodites in all of the
cultivars tested. The BC210438molecular marker was much better at papaya sex differentiation than other markers described in the literature.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is an economically important plant. This species is dioecious, and male plants are considered to be more desirable than females due to their higher yields. To reduce the time required for asparagus breeding, molecular marker techniques have been employed to identify sex-linked DNA markers. In the present study, we converted the male-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA marker T35R54-1600 into a sequence tagged site marker. We cloned a male-specific DNA fragment amplified with the T35R54 primer and determined the sequence of the fragment. The size of T35R54-1600 is 1,586 bp, and this fragment is not homologous to known sex-linked BAC sequences, indicating that this fragment is a new sex-linked region. Within this fragment, we designed the primer pair ‘MSSTS710’ to amplify a 710 bp region. This marker could be used to identify the sex of eight cultivars of A. officinalis: ‘Mary Washington 500W’, ‘UC157’, ‘Harumachi Green’, ‘Super Welcome’, ‘F4’, ‘Pacific 2000’, ‘F2’ and ‘Backlim’. We also analyzed the applicability of this marker to two dioecious Asparagus species, A. schoberioides and A. kiusianus, which are cross-compatible with A. officinalis. Although male-specific DNA fragments of two dioecious Asparagus species, A. schoberioides and A. kiusianus, were generated using the existing male-specific marker Asp1T7sp, no amplicon was obtained using the MSSTS710 marker. Since MSSTS710 can be employed for sex identification only in A. officinalis and not in closely related Asparagus species, the DNA region around the MSSTS710 marker must be variable among Asparagus species. 相似文献
5.
The sexual differentiation of Cannabis sativa L.: A morphological and molecular study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. M. Cristiana Moliterni Luigi Cattivelli P. Ranalli Giuseppe Mandolino 《Euphytica》2004,140(1-2):95-106
Summary Cannabis sativa L. is a dioecious species with sexual dimorphism occurring in a late stage of plant development. Sex is determined by heteromorphic chromosomes (X and Y): male is the heterogametic sex (XY) and female is the homogametic one (XX). The sexual phenotype of Cannabis often shows some flexibility leading to the differentiation of hermaphrodite flowers or bisexual inflorescences (monoecious phenotype). Sex is considered an important trait for hemp genetic improvement; therefore, the study of the mechanism of sexual differentiation is of paramount interest in hemp research. A morphological and molecular study of Cannabis sativa sexual differentiation has been carried out in the Italian dioecious cultivar Fibranova.Microscopic analysis of male and female apices revealed that their reproductive commitment may occur as soon as the leaves of the fourth node emerge; the genetic expression of male and female apices at this stage has been compared by cDNA-AFLP. A rapid method for the early sex discrimination has been developed, based on the PCR amplification of a male-specific SCAR marker directly from a tissue fragment.Five of the several cDNA-AFLP polymorphic fragments identified have been confirmed to be differentially expressed in male and female apices at the fourth node. Cloning and sequencing revealed that they belong to nine different mRNAs that were all induced in the female apices at this stage. Four out of them showed a high degree of similarity with known sequences: a putative permease, a SMT3-like protein, a putative kinesin and a RAC-GTP binding protein. 相似文献
6.
Garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is an economically-important perennial crop. This plant is dioecious, as there are both male and female individuals; male individuals are preferred over females for agricultural production. To reduce the time required for garden asparagus breeding, various male-specific DNA markers are utilized. Male-specific DNA markers, such as Asp1-T7sp and MSSTS710, are currently available for sex identification in many asparagus cultivars. In the current study, we found that these markers are not suitable for sex identification in the purple asparagus cultivar ‘Pacific Purple’, as male-specific amplification of this marker was detected in some male individuals of this cultivar but not in other males. The Asp1-T7sp marker is suitable for use in sex identification in various Asparagus species related to A. officinalis, indicating that the region around this marker is conserved among these species. Thus, we isolated a DNA fragment around this marker by inverse PCR and produced a new DNA marker, MspHd, based on this sequence. However, like Asp1-T7sp and MSSTS710, MspHd was not suitable for sex identification in the cultivar ‘Pacific Purple’. Since all ‘Pacific Purple’ males have morphologically similar male flowers with functional stamens, we produced a new male-specific marker based on the sex determination gene, MSE1/AspMYB35/AspTDF1, which is responsible for stamen development. This marker, named AspMSD, is suitable for sex identification in ‘Pacific Purple’. In addition, this marker can be utilized for sex identification in various asparagus cultivars and some related Asparagus species. 相似文献
7.
Sex-linked SSR markers in hemp 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hemp is a dioecious plant with sex chromosomes X and Y, the male sex being heterogametic. The quality of the fibre depends on the sex type. The sex chromosomes can be characterized by molecular markers. In this report, sex‐linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are described. One SSR marker was polymorphic in both the populations derived from single crosses, two other markers in but one of the two populations. Three alleles were detected for two SSR markers indicating polymorphism not only between X and Y, but also between different X chromosomes. In addition, several sex‐linked RAPD markers were detected in one population. Recombination within the sex chromosomes was observed for nearly all markers. 相似文献
8.
Andrea R. Gschwend Ching Man Wai Francis Zee Aru K. Arumuganathan Ray Ming 《Euphytica》2013,189(3):461-469
Caricaceae is a small family consisting of 35 species of varying sexual systems and includes economically important fruit crop, Carica papaya, and other species of “highland papayas”. Flow cytometry was used to obtain genome sizes for 11 species in three genera of Caricaceae to determine if genome size differences can be detected between sexes. Genome sizes ranged from 442.5 to 625.9 megabases (Mb) likely due to variation in the accumulation of retrotransposons in the genomes. The C. papaya genome size was estimated to be 442.5 Mb, larger than previously reported. Significant differences were detected between male and female samples in Jacaratia spinosa, Vasconcellea horovitziana, and V. stipulata, and between male and hermaphrodite samples of V. cundinamarcensis, suggesting the presence of sex chromosomes for these species. The small size differences between genomes of the papaya sexes were not detected using flow cytometry. Vasconcellea horovitziana was discovered to have a larger female genome size than male, suggesting the possibility of a ZW sex chromosome system in the family. The estimated genome sizes of these 11 species will be used in sequencing their genomes and in sex chromosome research for this family. 相似文献
9.
Novel male-specific molecular markers (MADC5, MADC6) in hemp 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Ottó Törjék Nándor Bucherna Erzsébet Kiss Hajnalka Homoki Zsuzsanna Finta-Korpelová Iván Bócsa István Nagy László E. Heszky 《Euphytica》2002,127(2):209-218
Decamer RAPD primers were tested on dioecious and monoecious hemp cultivars to identify sex-specific molecular markers. Two
primers (OPD05 and UBC354) generated specific bands in male plants. These two DNA fragments were isolated, cloned and sequenced.
Both markers proved to be unique, since no sequence with significant homology to OPD05961 and UBC354151 markers were found in databases. These markers were named MADC3 (OPD05961) and MADC4 (UBC354151) (Male-Associated DNA from Cannabis sativa). The markers were converted into sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The SCAR markers correlated with
the sex of the segregating F2 population and proved the tight linkage to the male phenotype. Results of F2 plant population analysis suggest these markers are to be linked to the Y chromosome.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
DNA fingerprinting studies have been carried out with the physiologically mature male and female plants of Jojoba using 80 ISSR primers with a view to generate sex-linked markers. After bulk segregant analysis, two unique ISSR markers, viz. ISSR8481500 and VIS111317 have been developed which can be used for determining the sex at the seedling stage. Of the eighty primers tested on the pooled male DNA and pooled female DNA samples, six ISSR primers were found to be associated with sex expression. Of the six, only two primers ISSR848 and VIS11 generated unique male sex specific bands of ~1,500 and ~1,300 bp which were consecutively present in all the male genotypes and absent in all the respective female genotypes. The remaining four primers when tried on individuals of different genotypes were confined to their sex specificity in only two female genotypes and absent in their male counterparts. One of the male-sex specific markers, VIS111317 has also been cloned and sequenced which showed homology with a sex linked gene, DD44 from dioecious Silene species. Furthermore, VIS111317 was converted into a male sex-specific sequence tagged sites (STS) marker of 584 bp. The male specific STS marker thus developed has been verified and validated on 100 populations of male and female individuals from ten different genotypes of Jojoba to endorse the diagnostic reliability of the STS marker. This can gainfully be employed for screening of sex at seedling stage which would be quite helpful for uprooting the undesired plants, thereby, saving resources like labor, water, fertilizers and space for highly desirable female plants. 相似文献
11.
There is a recent surge in the marker‐assisted selection of desired sex type among economically important dioecious crops. Simmondsia chinensis (Jojoba), a dioecious crop is of immense agricultural importance where only the female plants are preferred for commerce. DNA fingerprinting technology, ISSR analysis along with bulk segregant analysis (BSA), has been carried out on a diverse set of 17‐ to18‐year‐old mature male and female plants of Jojoba to validate a male sex‐specific ISSR marker, UBC‐8071200 on larger population that comprises 330 female and 255 male plants of Jojoba. This male sex‐specific DNA fragment of ~1200 bp was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was found to be 1120 bp in length and based on the sequence information, a pair of sequence tagged sites primers was developed that amplified a single ~800 bp band, consistently only in all the male populations while no amplification was seen in their female counterparts. The marker was named as Jojoba Male Sex Marker which was further validated on 330 female plants from 22 genotypes and 255 male plants from 17 genotypes. 相似文献
12.
Two dioecious hemp accessions (Can18 and Can17) were tested by bulked segregant analysis for polymorphisms between male and female bulks with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. Thirty‐nine primer combinations were tested and 20 of these yielded one to three male‐specific bands. In contrast, no female‐specific band was detected. Eight of these primer combinations were used for testing 80 progeny plants from a cross between two plants from Can18 and 30 plants from Can17. A total of 16 and 17 male‐specific fragments were obtained for Can 18 and Can 17, respectively. Eleven fragments exhibited the same fragment size in both accessions. All male plants, but not one female plant, showed the respective polymorphic band with each of the eight primer combinations. Problems regarding sex determination under field conditions were successfully overcome by testing plants that had been grown in small pots in a greenhouse. The abundant number of potential markers for the male sex, their complete cosegregation with male plants and the absence of markers for the female sex support the presence of a male sex chromosome in hemp. 相似文献
13.
Liqin Liao Jun Liu Yanxia Dai Qian Li Ming Xie Qijiong Chen Huaqun Yin Guanzhou Qiu Xueduan Liu 《Euphytica》2009,169(1):49-55
There is an urgent need for early sex identification to support field planting in Ginkgo biloba L., due to the different economic and medicinal values between male and female trees. An easy, rapid and reliable molecular
method for sex type determination of G. biloba was reported in the paper. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR)
were used to search for specific molecular markers linked to the sex locus. A total of 48 primers were used for screening of specific RAPD markers in six male and three female samples. Only one primer,
S10, showed different amplification band patterns associated with sex types. Then the sex-specific bands, S10-BandA and S10-BandB,
were cloned and sequenced. Based on the sequences two pairs of SCAR primers, GBA and GBB, were designed. The GBA primers amplify
a single 571 bp band in male samples but not in female samples, and DNA amplification using GBB primers could generate a 688 bp
band only in the female individuals. Finally, the SCAR primers were used to test 16 sex-unknown samples. SCAR primers developed
in this paper can be used as effective, convenient and reliable molecular markers for sex identification in G. biloba. 相似文献
14.
Buffalograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm, is a dioecious turfgrass native to the Great Plains of North America. Since its naturalization, it has become
the most wildly cultivated warm-season turfgrass in northern China. While dioecious plants represent only a small proportion
of all plant species, they are important models in the study of plant sex determination and evolution. The identification
of the sexes is important in the theory and practice of breeding programs. At present, there is no effective method to determine
the sex of early stage buffalograss. The objective of this study was to use sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP)
and integrated bulked segregant analysis (BSA) technology to find sex linked markers in B. dactyloides. A total of 228 primer combinations were screened and 2,690 SRAP bands examined. Only ME9/EM2 could generate a specific fragment
(~240 bp) in all the female plants, which was absent in male plants. The methods described here provide a simple and reproducible
means of early sex identification in B. dactyloides. 相似文献
15.
All cycads are strictly dioecious with a long juvenile stage. Currently, there is no method available to determine the sexuality of seedlings prior to the onset of cone formation. This study aimed to develop a sex specific Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker for Encephalartos natalensis. Initially, 140 primers were used to amplify the bulk DNA of five individuals each of known male and female sexuality. While a high degree of polymorphism was observed in the amplification profiles of male and female plants, only primer OPD-20 generated a specific band (∼850 bp) in female DNA. To validate this observation, this primer was re-tested with 69 individuals of E. natalensis. The 850 bp DNA band was present in all 38 female individuals tested and it was consistently absent in all 31 male plants tested. The result offers a rapid and simple test to determine sexuality of E. natalensis seedlings at early stages of development, before the onset of reproductive maturity thereby saving time and economic resources when cultivating these specimens.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available to authorised users in the online version of this article at . 相似文献
16.
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a dioecious species, with both male and female individuals. Male plants are more desirable to cultivate than female plants because they have higher yields, and, unlike female plants, they do not have a weed problem resulting from fallen seeds. A male-specific DNA marker is currently available to identify the sex of asparagus individuals using total DNA extracted from cladodes and roots. However, no published method is currently available for DNA extraction and PCR amplification from asparagus seeds. In this study, we tested several heat-resistant DNA polymerases for PCR and several methods for extracting DNA from asparagus seeds and successfully established a method for identifying the sex of asparagus seeds using this male-specific DNA marker. We found that PCR amplification of DNA extracted from asparagus seeds using simple methods such as single-step DNA extraction requires the use of high efficiency DNA polymerase. By contrast, many types of heat-resistant DNA polymerases can be used for PCR amplification of high-quality DNA extracted from asparagus seeds using a commercially available DNA extraction kit. Our method for sex identification of asparagus seeds could facilitate quality checking of all-male asparagus seeds and accelerate the screening of super-male asparagus. 相似文献
17.
P. Balaji Suresh B. Srikanth V. Hemanth Kishore I. Subhakara Rao L. R. Vemireddy N. Dharika R. M. Sundaram M. S. Ramesha K. R. S. Sambasiva Rao B. C. Viraktamath C. N. Neeraja 《Euphytica》2012,187(3):421-435
The Wild Abortive (WA) system is the major cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) source for hybrid rice production in indica rice and its fertility restoration is reported to be controlled by two major loci viz. Rf3 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 on chromosome 10. With the availability of the rice genome sequence, an attempt was made to fine map, develop candidate gene based markers for Rf3 and Rf4 and validate the developed marker system in a set of known restorer lines. Using polymorphic markers developed from microsatellite markers and candidate gene based markers from Rf3 and Rf4 loci, local linkage maps were constructed in two mapping populations of ~1,500 F2 progeny from KRH2 (IR58025A/KMR3R) and DRRH2 (IR68897A/DR714-1-2R) hybrids. QTLs and their interactions for fertility restoration in Rf3 and Rf4 loci were identified. The identified QTL in both mapping populations together explained 66–72 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait suggesting their utility in developing a marker system for identification of fertility restorers for WA-CMS. Sequence comparison of the two candidate genes from the Rf3 and Rf4 regions in male sterile (A) and restorer (R) lines showed 2–3 bp indels and a few substitutions in the Rf3 region and indels of 327 and 106 bp in the Rf4 region respectively. The marker system identified in the present study was validated in 212 restorers and 34 maintainers along with earlier reported markers for fertility restoration of WA-CMS. Together DRCG-RF4-14 and DRCG-RF4-8 for the Rf4 locus and DRRM-RF3-5/DRRM-RF3-10 for the Rf3 locus showed a maximum efficiency of 92 % for identification of restorers. 相似文献
18.
Summary Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is dioecious species with female plants of commercial value. During breeding process it is desirable to identify the sex of hop plants at the stage of seedling. Twenty two inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were screened on female and male hop genotypes of Russian and European origin. Two ISSR primers revealed fragments specific for male plants of hop. Based on the sequences two pairs of primers were designed. These male specific sequence tagged site (STS) markers were tested on male hop accessions of Russian origin and female hop accessions of Russian, European and American origin. A high homology of male specific hop DNA sequences to expressed sequences from EMBL plants EST database was found, most of which code cell wall glycoproteins. The applicability of ISSR-PCR analysis for development of sex molecular markers in hop is discussed. 相似文献
19.
20.
Male and female genetic linkage map of hops, Humulus lupulus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A male and female linkage map of hop has been constructed using 224 DNA polymorphisms (106 amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), three random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), one RAPD‐sequence‐tagged‐site (STS), and three microsatellite (STSs) segregating in an F1 population of the English cultivar ‘Wye Target’‐the German male breeding line ‘85/54/15’. Linkage between these loci was estimated using JOINMAP Version 2.0. The final map for the female parent consisted of 110 loci assigned to eight linkage groups covering a distance of 346.7 cM. For the male map, 57 loci could be mapped on nine linkage groups spanning over 227.4 cM. One of these male linkage groups (Gr09‐M) presumably represents the Y chromosome, since all markers assigned (10 AFLPs, three RAPDs and one STS) were closely linked to the male sex (M). Because of their sex‐specific segregation, 10 doubly heterozygous AFLPs spanning a distance of 18.7 cM could be identified as markers describing the X chromosome, which is part of the male and female map. Three STMSs, which had already proved useful in hop genotyping, could be integrated as codominant locus‐specific markers and thus allowed to produce reliable allelic bridges between the female and male counterparts. 相似文献