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1.
Snider TG Hoyt PG Coats KS Graves KF Cooper CR Storts RW Luther DG Jenny BF 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(2):89-101
Clinical, serological, and pathological abnormalities observed in Holstein cows naturally infected with bovine lentivirus 1 bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and other infections were progressive and most commonly associated with weight loss, lymphoid system deficiency, and behavioral changes. Clinical evidence of meningoencephalitis was dullness, stupor, and occasional head or nose pressing postures. The polymerase chain reactions associated the BIV provirus with the lesions in the central nervous system and lymphoid tissues. Multiple concurrent infections developed in retrovirally infected cows undergoing normal stresses associated with parturition and lactation. A major functional correlate of the lymphoreticular alterations was the development of multiple secondary infections which failed to resolve after appropriate antibacterial therapy. The chronic disease syndrome in dairy cows associated with BIV may be useful as a model system for investigation of the pathogenesis of the nervous system lesions and lymphoid organ changes that occur in humans with lentiviral infection. 相似文献
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Histological responses during experimental Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in lambs were investigated in parotid lymph nodes for ten days following inoculation. Lambs were infected by the subcutaneous route into the right eyelid with a virulent strain of C. pseudotuberculosis. Multiple microscopic acute abscesses, predominantly infiltrated with polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes, were seen in the right parotid lymph node on the 1st day post-inoculation (PI). This massive PMN infiltration coincided with a peripheral blood granulocytosis. On day 3 PI, an influx of histiocytes was observed, while the microabscesses became confluent. From day 3 to day 10 PI, these lesions became enlarged and transformed into typical pyogranulomas with a central necrosis and a peripheral mantle of mononuclear cells composed of macrophages, epithelioid cells and lymphocytes; these histological changes were associated with a bacterial dissemination limited to the superficial lymph nodes. A lymphoid hyperplasia with prominent germinal centers was observed in the draining lymph nodes from day 3 PI. These results illustrate the dual role of granulomatous lesions in chronic bacterial infections: although they limit bacterial dissemination, the granulomas do not impair the persistence of infectious organisms in the host, leading to focal tissue damage. 相似文献
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J J Callanan H Thompson S R Toth B O'Neil C E Lawrence B Willett O Jarrett 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1992,35(1-2):3-13
A study is described of the clinical and pathological findings in 20 specific pathogen free cats infected when 1 year old with feline immunodeficiency virus and monitored over 12 months. Cats were divided into two groups (A and B). The clinical and clinicopathological features were studied in Group A. In Group B, at 1, 2, 4, 9 and 12 months post infection two cats were necropsied. Clinically all cats developed generalised lymphadenopathy, six cats were neutropenic and five cats lymphopenic. Three cats became febrile with conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis and one of these cats ultimately developed jaundice. Postmortem examinations confirmed a generalised lymphadenopathy involving peripheral and visceral lymph nodes with concurrent stimulation of splenic white matter and mucosal lymphoid tissue of the digestive tract and conjunctiva. Within the lymph nodes there was a reactive follicular hyperplasia accompanied by a paracortical hyperplasia with an increased paracortical vascularity. Unusual features were the presence of lymphoid follicles in the bone marrow, thymus and parathyroid tissue. In addition, aggregates of lymphoid cells were found within salivary glands, kidneys, sclera and choroid of the eye. One cat developed a lymphosarcoma affecting the liver and kidneys at 36 weeks post infection. The cat with jaundice had a cholangitis with marked biliary epithelial hyperplasia. 相似文献
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Neonatal calves were thymectomized when 4 to 10 days old and treated briefly with antilymphocyte globulin. Non-thymectomized calves were treated with normal horse globulin or not treated with antilymphocyte globulin. The lymph nodes were examined at selected times by light microscopy and immunofluorescence and after necropsy.The prescapular lymph nodes at 5 weeks represented normal, normally reactive and abnormally reactive structure. Peripheral lymph nodes from 5-week-old calves not treated by thymectomy or antilymphocyte globulin had a low level of lymphopoietic activity. The thymus intact calves treated with normal horse globulin had reactive lymphoid hyperplasia primarily of the cortex. The thymectomized, antilymphocyte globulin treated calves at this age had increased primary follicle activity and depletion of paracortical areas in peripheral lymph nodes. The degree of lymphoid hyperplasia corresponded to the relative frequency of cells with surface immunoglobulin at 5 weeks of age.The lymph nodes and spleen collected at necropsy at 16 to 26 weeks did not segregate into three distinct categories, probably a reflection of the additional stimulation on the immune system by experimental and natural antigen exposure. The differences between treatments were not observed at the time of necropsy. These morphological observations strongly support the conclusion that the calves were affected by neonatal thymectomy, but had recovered from the effect of thymectomy by 16 to 26 weeks of age. 相似文献
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Cats were infected experimentally with Salmonella typhimurium via the conjunctiva. Clinical signs consisted of lacrimation, conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, prominent nictitating membrane and scleral injection. These signs were accompanied by an absolute neutrophilia and conjunctival smears indicative of moderate to severe suppurative inflammation. Ocular signs disappeared by day 6 postinfection. Salmonella typhimurium was cultured intermittently from the inoculated conjunctivae and rectal swabs through day 7. At necropsy, mesenteric and cervical lymph nodes were enlarged. Histopathological findings included chronic conjunctivitis and lymphoid hyperplasia in cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes. This study confirms that S. typhimurium can cause a primary conjunctivitis and that the ocular route of infection can lead to fecal excretion of Salmonella, in the absence of other clinical manifestations. 相似文献
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M Onuma 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1989,22(3):213-221
Specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA) was detected on enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) cells by monoclonal antibodies against TAA. One of the monoclonal antibodies, c143, reacted with all EBL tumor cells tested but not with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antigens. c143 reacted slightly with bovine fetal thymus and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from BLV-free cows but not with normal bovine lymphoid cells. TAA may be a good tumor marker of EBL tumor cells. We sacrificed eight TAA-positive but clinically normal animals and examined them in order to elucidate whether or not they had gross or histological tumors. At necropsy, four animals had tumors macroscopically. Three animals had no tumors histologically but had initial lesions showing follicular hyperplasia and the TAA on affected lymph nodes. The one remaining showed medullary hyperplasia in the spleen but there were no findings of tumors. Thus, c143 is a useful tool not only for diagnosing EBL, but also for screening of BLV-infected cattle with potential to develop tumors in the future. 相似文献
7.
Mylonakis ME Papaioannou N Saridomichelakis MN Koutinas AF Billinis C Kontos VI 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2005,34(3):243-247
BACKGROUND: Lymphadenopathy in canine leishmaniosis has been reported as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia or granulomatous (histiocytic) lymphadenitis. However, we are unaware of information on the effect of latent Leishmania infection on lymph node cytology compared with clinically affected dogs. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate cytologic patterns of lymphadenopathy in dogs with clinical and subclinical forms of leishmaniosis and to correlate cytologic findings with the density of Leishmania amastigotes in fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears. METHODS: FNA cytology of prescapular or popliteal lymph nodes was evaluated on 32 dogs with clinical evidence of leishmaniosis (group A), 24 subclinically infected dogs (group B), and 17 clinically healthy noninfected dogs (group C); groups were based on the results of serologic and PCR tests for Leishmania sp. Differential nucleated cell counts (based on 300 cells) and amastigote density were determined microscopically. Cytologic findings were categorized and compared among groups. RESULTS: Cytologic abnormalities were found in 19 of 32 (59.4%) dogs in group A, 1 of 24 (4.2%) dogs in group B, and 2 of 17 (11.8%) dogs in group C and were significantly more frequent in group A than group B (P <.001) or C (P = .001). In group A, 68.7% of the dogs had lymphoid hyperplasia, 12.5% had lymphoid hyperplasia and histiocytic lymphadenitis, 6.3% had histiocytic lymphadenitis, and 3.1% had lymphoid hyperplasia and neutrophilic lymphadenitis. Lymphoid hyperplasia was also noted in 1 dog in group B, and lymphoid hyperplasia and eosinophilic lymphadenitis were each found in 1 dog in group C. Lymph node smears from 31 (96.9%) dogs in group A and 6 (25%) dogs in group B were positive for Leishmania amastigotes; however, no correlation was found between the density of amastigotes and cytopathologic patterns of lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSION: Abnormal lymph node cytology is much more common in dogs with clinical leishmaniosis than in dogs with subclinical infection, and primarily involves lymphoid hyperplasia. Despite finding no association between the density of amastigotes and type of lymphadenopathy, lymph node cytology still is a valuable diagnostic tool for diagnosing canine leishmaniosis. 相似文献
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A process of emulsifying and centrifuging abattoir specimens before plating out is described. Brucella abortus was isolated more successfully by this process than by conventional methods, especially in low grade infections. The 5 different media used were equally effective in our attempts at isolation, but growth did not necessarily occur on all 5 plates. In dairy cows, specimens from supra-mammary lymph nodes, udder and iliac lymph nodes accounted for a high percentage of positive isolations. 相似文献
10.
Mbassa GK Kipanyula MJ Mellau LS Mwamakali ED Bulegeya FR Kauto-Mboni K 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(3-4):260-270
In a study of trends and magnitudes of lymphocytes proliferation, destruction or apoptosis eleven 3-month-old healthy calves were experimentally infected with the protozoan parasite Theileria parva, which is reported to cause lymphocyte proliferation. Four control calves were not infected. Infected and non-infected calves were sacrificed on days 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 24 and 25 to examine lymphoid tissue changes and lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. All infected calves developed severe East Coast fever, with enlargement of lymph nodes, dyspnoea, high fever and pulmonary oedema. Lymphocyte proliferation was not observed in lymph nodes, thymus and spleen; instead there were massive deaths of lymphocytes and other cells. The terminal severe disease caused massive lymphoid parenchyma coagulation terminating with caseation, organs and cells being undeterminable histologically. Tissues surrounding the lymph nodes were oedematous. Lymph node and thymus parenchyma were caseated and cortices and medulla indistinguishable because of severe lymphocyte and accessory cell deaths. The lymph node fibrous reticular stroma was necrotic and caseated. Lymphoid follicles in lymph nodes degenerated and lacked germinal centres. Lymph nodes, spleen and thymus were grossly enlarged, hardened, potato or cheese like, but microscopically very hypocellular and in the terminal disease acellular because of massive lymphocytes destruction. In the thymus there was extensive thymocyte and epithelioid cell necrosis and loss of distinction between cortex and medulla. The spleen white and red pulps were indistinguishable because of extensive lymphoid cell necrosis. The white pulp degenerated more than the red pulp. The massive lymphocyte deaths in the lymph nodes, thymus and spleen, without lymphocyte proliferation in this T. parva infection in calves leads to a conclusion that this parasite is lympho-destructive and lympho-degenerative in vivo rather than lympho-proliferative. 相似文献
11.
Marta Vascellari Silvia Tasca Tommaso Furlanello Erika Carli Carlo Patron Franco Mutinelli Marco Caldin 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(2):205-208
An unusual clinical presentation of lymphoma with vertebral involvement in a dog is reported. A 20-month-old intact female Golden Retriever presented with progressive paraparesis and anorexia. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry profile demonstrated pancytopenia and hypercalcemia. Ventral fusion of the lumbar vertebrae by new bony tissue deposition was evident on X-ray and CT scan. Fine needle aspiration revealed neoplastic lymphoid cells in lymph nodes and bone marrow. Histologically, vertebral bone and osteophytes, liver, bone marrow, kidney, and lymph nodes were diffusely infiltrated by neoplastic, lymphoid cells, with scant cytoplasm and round hyperchromatic nuclei. Polyostotic and medullary T-cell lymphoma with spondylosis was diagnosed. Lymphoma mainly affecting bone is uncommon in the dog. The present case differs from previously described polyostotic lymphomas in clinical signs of the disease, mainly attributable to spondylarthrosis. In addition, lymphomatous proliferation was associated with osteoproductive lesions of the vertebrae. 相似文献
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Peripheral lymph node enlargement was found in 14 of a series of 132 feline lymph node biopsy specimens. Six of nine cats tested had antibodies for feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Half of the cats were clinically normal while the remainder had fever, lethargy, anorexia, and hepatosplenomegaly. There was severe distortion of lymph nodal architecture with variable loss of discernible follicles and sinuses. Histiocytes, lymphocytes, immunoblasts, and plasma cells were present in expanded paracortical regions which encroached on, and occasionally effaced, lymphoid follicles. Postcapillary venules were numerous and prominent throughout the paracortex. The lymphadenopathy was most commonly transient (86% of cases) with subsequent development of lymphoma in one cat. Lymph nodes from seven kittens with experimental FeLV infection were compared with spontaneously enlarged lymph nodes; four of seven had B and T lymphocyte hyperplasia with normal nodal architecture. Three had partial loss of nodal architecture as a result of expanded paracortical regions populated largely by histiocytes and lymphocytes. Proliferation of postcapillary venules was not prominent in nodes from FeLV-infected cats. The cause of spontaneous lymph node hyperplasia of young cats was not determined. However, the similarity of lesions to those of kittens with experimental FeLV infection and the association with FeLV by serologic tests in six of nine cats suggest that this retrovirus may be involved in the pathogenesis of the lesion. 相似文献
13.
Abdel-Magied EM Taha AA al-Qarawi AA Elfaki MG 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2001,30(4):199-203
The parotid, mandibular and lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes of the dromedary camel were examined using both light and electron microscopy. All three lymph nodes were lobulated. They did not show the characteristic medulla, cortex and paracortex of typical lymph nodes. Instead, they contained lymphatic nodules, dense anodular lymphoid tissue and diffuse lymphoid tissue dispersed throughout the lymph node. Networks of sinuses were present in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. The diffuse lymphoid tissue in the periphery of all lymph nodes examined was characterized by numerous erythrocytes within and around its network of sinuses. The nodal sinuses were contiguous with the septal vessels, which are considered the possible source of erythrocytes seen in this study. The lymph nodes that were seen in this study resembled the haemolymph nodes of other mammals with regard to their content of erythrocytes but were unique in being located in sites that were typical of ordinary lymph nodes. Morphometric analysis has shown that the percentage volume densities of the stroma and the various parenchymal components were similar in the three lymph nodes. 相似文献
14.
Visceral leishmaniasis in the German shepherd dog. II. Pathology 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Three German shepherd dogs were inoculated with Leishmania chagasi and three with Leishmania donovani and the infection was followed for 82 days. All infected dogs developed splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly. In lymph nodes there was a reduction in lymphocyte population in paracortical areas, extensive proliferation of macrophages in paracortical areas and medullary cords, follicular hyperplasia, and increased numbers of plasma cells. The spleen had decreased numbers of lymphocytes in periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, proliferation of macrophages in these regions, follicular hyperplasia, and enlargement of the red pulp with clusters of macrophages and plasma cells. The morphology of the tonsil was similar to the lymph nodes. Clusters of macrophages, often containing Leishmania spp, were present in liver, bone marrow, lung, and the intestines. The morphologic changes in lymph nodes and spleen were suggestive of a suppressed cell-mediated immunity and an active humoral immunity. The German shepherd dog may be a useful laboratory model for the study of immunopathologic changes in visceral leishmaniasis. 相似文献
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The proliferation responses of antigen-specific lymphocytes from various anatomical sites were studied in dairy goats locally immunized with heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKS). Animals were inoculated three times subcutaneously in the right udder with HKS at 1 month intervals. One week following the last inoculation, prescapular, mesenteric and ipsilateral (draining) and contralateral (non-draining) suprammammary lymph nodes were collected and the cells assayed in 3- and 6-day cultures to determine the immune proliferative responses of antigen-specific lymphocytes to HKS and the polyclonal T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The cells from draining and non-draining supramammary lymph nodes responded to HKS in 3-day cultures. Peripheral lymph nodes, such as the prescapular, showed similar responses. In contrast, mesenteric lymph nodes responded optimally in 6-day cultures, notably to lower concentrations of the antigen. Cells from all lymph nodes tested showed increased responses to PHA in immunized animals, although non-draining lymph nodes demonstrated a greater response to the T cell mitogen than those of draining lymph nodes. These results suggest that unilateral introduction of Staphylococcus cell antigens to the supramammary region can induce an anamnestic response in ipsilateral as well as contralateral supramammary lymph nodes and other distant peripheral lymphoid organs. Furthermore, these data indicate that cells from intestinal lymph nodes respond differently from those of peripheral lymph nodes, suggesting the presence of a unique gastrointestinal lymphoid cell circulation in goats. Concomitant peripheral responses may be attributed to memory cell migration or to antigen leakage and relocation to distant sites from the inoculated region. Analysis with PHA suggests a difference in general responsiveness and perhaps, immunocompetence, by lymphocyte populations in various lymphoid tissues of immunized animals. 相似文献
17.
The morphologic lesions associated with naturally occurring canine parvovirus infection are described. The disease is characterized by necrosis of crypt epithelium in the small intestine and of lymphoid tissue in Peyers patches, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus. 相似文献
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Twenty-eight pregnant goats in midgestation were exposed to a bovine pathogenic strain of Brucella abortus to determine the histologic changes associated with infection. Does were necropsied 0 to 7 days or 4 to 6 weeks after delivery of aborted, stillborn, or live, full-term fetuses. Aborted and stillborn fetuses were necropsied within 16 hours of delivery. Selected, paired tissue specimens were collected for histologic and bacteriologic examination. An avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunostaining procedure was used to detect Brucella antigen in tissue section. Histologic changes were evident in specimens from infected does and aborted fetuses. Postpartum does had endometritis, lymphoid hyperplasia in lymph nodes and spleen, and lymphocytic mastitis. The most prominent finding in aborted fetuses was an interstitial pneumonia. Lesions in does and fetuses were similar to those described in Brucella-infected cows and fetuses; however, lesions were less consistently observed in goat fetuses than has been observed in bovine fetuses. Brucella antigen was detected by immunoperoxidase staining within the cytoplasm of placental chorioallantoic trophoblastic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and uterine epithelial cells. Also, stained brucellae were free in placental and fetal vascular lumens and in the interstitium of autolyzed fetal tissues. 相似文献
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Histopathology of experimental plague in cats 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissues of seven adult cats of both sexes that died after being experimentally infected with Yersinia pestis were examined light microscopically to characterize the lesions. The cats were exposed in two groups using two routes of infection: ingestion of Y. pestis-infected rodent or a subcutaneous injection of Y. pestis to simulate a flea bite. Immunohistochemistry was performed on tissues from all organ systems from a representative cat from each group to determine the distribution of Y. pestis bacilli during infection. In all seven cats, bubonic plague lesions were seen. The lesions of pneumonic plague were present in two cats. Septicemic plague was confirmed in all seven cats by bacteriologic culture. Aggregations of bacteria were seen in lymphoid tissue in all cats and in lung tissues from the two cats with pneumonic plague. The most consistent histologic finding was necrosuppurative inflammation in the lymph nodes. Invariably, Y. pestis bacteria were present in large numbers at affected sites. Orally infected cats had more numerous lesions in the lymph nodes of the head and neck regions. These experimentally induced cases of feline plague document that cats are unique among carnivores in exhibiting bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague following exposure to Y. pestis. The lesions of the orally infected cats were consistent with those previously described for naturally occurring Y. pestis infections in cats and corroborate the contention that cats most commonly contract plague by eating Y. pestis-infected rodents and not via flea bite. The histopathology of Y. pestis disease in these cats is comparable to that described for human plague. 相似文献