首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 671 毫秒
1.
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three diets with varying macronutrient and fibre contents on postprandial plasma glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and insulin concentrations over a 12 h period in 12 healthy neutered lean dogs. Each diet was fed to each dog for 3 weeks in a three-period cross-over study. Plasma analyte concentrations were measured prior to and after a meal at the end of the third week of each period. Postprandial glucose concentrations for the moderate carbohydrate and fibre diet were 0.4-0.7 mmol/L (8-12 mg/dL) lower than for both higher carbohydrate diets (p≤0.02). Postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations in some dogs did not return to baseline by 12 h after feeding of each of the three diets. These results indicate that the moderate carbohydrate and fibre diet warrants evaluation in diabetic dogs. Variables should be measured over at least 12 h after feeding to fully evaluate postprandial dietary effects on these analytes.  相似文献   

2.
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of acarbose on baseline and postprandial serum glucose and insulin concentrations in healthy dogs, if effects of acarbose were dosage related, and if acarbose caused any short-term adverse effects. ANIMALS: 5 healthy dogs fed a high-fiber diet. PROCEDURE: A Latin-square design was used. During each 1-week treatment period, dogs were given a placebo or 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg of acarbose, PO, twice daily immediately prior to feeding. There was a 1-week interval between periods. At the end of each treatment period, serum glucose and insulin concentrations were measured prior to feeding and at 30- to 60-minute intervals for 6 hours after feeding. RESULTS: Baseline serum glucose and insulin concentrations, insulin peak response, and total glucose absorption were not significantly different following treatment with placebo and treatment with acarbose; however, total insulin secretion was significantly decreased when dogs were treated with 100 or 200 mg of acarbose. Four dogs developed soft to watery stools when treated with 200 mg of acarbose, and 2 dogs lost weight during the study. Results of CBC and serum biochemical analyses were within reference ranges throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Acarbose did not induce any serious adverse effects and was effective in healthy dogs in reducing total postprandial insulin secretion when administered immediately prior to meals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that acarbose may help control hyperglycemia in dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Additional studies designed to evaluate the effect of acarbose on postprandial blood glucose concentrations in dogs with diabetes mellitus are indicated.  相似文献   

3.
Influence of obesity on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in dogs   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of obesity and diet in dogs on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations by assaying plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations and determining total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations as well as the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in various lipoprotein classes (ie, very-low-density, low-density, and high-density lipoproteins). ANIMALS: 24 Beagles; 12 lean (mean [+/- SEM] body weight, 12.7 +/- 0.7 kg) and 12 chronically obese (21.9 +/- 0.8 kg) dogs of both sexes, between 1 and 9 years old. PROCEDURES: Total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations; lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations; and plasma ghrelin, leptin, free fatty acids, insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured and compared between lean and obese dogs, both of which were fed a complete and balanced maintenance diet. Chronically obese dogs were subsequently fed a high-protein low-energy diet to evaluate effects of diet composition on plasma lipid and lipoprotein measurements. RESULTS: Chronic obesity resulted in a significant decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration and a significant increase in plasma leptin, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations in dogs. High total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations resulted from increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in all lipoprotein fractions. In obese dogs, modification of diet composition resulted in beneficial effects on plasma lipid and leptin concentrations, even before weight loss was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Correlations exist between obesity and plasma measurements (ie, lipoproteins, leptin, insulin, and ghrelin) commonly associated with obesity. Modification of diet composition to control energy intake improves plasma lipid and leptin concentrations in obese dogs.  相似文献   

4.
Dogs develop obesity-associated insulin resistance but not type 2 diabetes mellitus. Low adiponectin is associated with progression to type 2 diabetes in obese humans. The aims of this study were to compare total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin (SA) between dogs and humans and to examine whether total or HMW adiponectin or both are associated with insulin resistance in naturally occurring obese dogs. We compared adiponectin profiles between 10 lean dogs and 10 lean humans and between 6 lean dogs and 6 age- and sex-matched, client-owned obese dogs. Total adiponectin was measured with assays validated in each species. We measured SA with velocity centrifugation on sucrose gradients. The effect of total and HMW adiponectin concentrations on MINMOD-estimated insulin sensitivity was assessed with linear regression. Lean dogs had total and HMW adiponectin concentrations three to four times higher than lean humans (total: dogs 32 ± 5.6 mg/L, humans 10 ± 1.3 mg/L, P<0.001; HMW: dogs 25 ± 4.5 mg/L, humans 6 ± 1.3 mg/L, P<0.001) and a higher SA (dogs: 0.78 ± 0.05; humans: 0.54 ± 0.08, P = 0.002). Adiponectin concentrations and SA were not lower in obese dogs (0.76 ± 0.05 in both groups; P=1). Total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, and SA were not associated with insulin sensitivity in dogs. We propose that differences in adiponectin profiles between humans and dogs might contribute to the propensity of humans but not dogs to develop type 2 diabetes. Dogs with chronic, naturally occurring obesity do not have selectively reduced HMW adiponectin, and adiponectin does not appear to be important in the development of canine obesity-associated insulin resistance.  相似文献   

5.
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia associated with critical illness in nondiabetic human patients is a common occurrence in the intensive care unit (ICU), with a reported incidence as high as 71%. HYPOTHESIS: Hyperglycemia in critically ill dogs increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. ANIMALS: Two hundred forty-five dogs hospitalized in the ICU over a 2-month period were evaluated. METHODS: Prospective observational study was conducted over a 2-month period. All dogs in the ICU had their highest daily blood glucose concentration recorded. All dogs with diabetes were excluded from the study. Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose concentration >120 mg/dL. Dogs with hyperglycemia were monitored for persistence and resolution of hyperglycemia. RESULTS: During the study period, 245 dogs were evaluated, of which 38 (16%) were hyperglycemic. Twenty-six percent (10/ 38) developed hyperglycemia during hospitalization, whereas 74% (28/38) were hyperglycemic at presentation. Length of hospitalization (LOH) was shorter in dogs that presented with hyperglycemia compared with those that developed hyperglycemia during hospitalization (P = .001). Seventy-one percent (27/38) of dogs were discharged from the hospital, whereas the remaining 29% (11/38) died or were euthanatized. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher median glucose concentration (median, 176 mg/dL; range 122-310 mg/dL) than did survivors (median, 139 mg/dL; 121-191 mg/dL; P = .021). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The incidence of hyperglycemia in this population of dogs was 16%. Dogs that developed hyperglycemia had longer LOH and nonsurvivors had more pronounced hyperglycemia than did survivors.  相似文献   

6.
Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in diabetic dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Reduction of the prolonged terminal elimination phase of gentamicin may be caused by diabetes mellitus, irrespective of the model of diabetes. To test this hypothesis, five normal dogs, three dogs with alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus, and four dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (all of which were given exogenous insulin to control hyperglycemia) were given 4.4 mg/kg gentamicin intravenously. Serum pharmacokinetics were analyzed using non-compartmental pharmacokinetics assuming a sum of exponential terms. Gentamicin pharmacokinetics during the first 8 h were the same in normal and diabetic dogs. Over 7 days, MRT in normal dogs (5830 +/- 2970 min, mean +/- SD) was longer (P less than 0.01) than in diabetic dogs (136 +/- 164 min). In diabetic dogs, Cls was greater (3.01 +/- 0.86 ml/min/kg) than in normal dogs (1.45 +/- 0.11 ml/min/kg; P less than 0.01), whereas Vd(ss) was smaller in diabetic dogs (0.405 +/- 0.508 l/kg) than in normal dogs (8.56 +/- 4.48 l/kg; P less than 0.01). Serum gentamicin concentrations were less than 0.020 microgram/ml by 2 days in all of the diabetic dogs, but were 0.048 +/- 0.018 microgram/ml at 7 days in normal dogs. Thus, diabetes mellitus, either induced by alloxan administration or naturally occurring, abolished the terminal elimination phase of gentamicin disposition in a non-rodent species.  相似文献   

7.
  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a purified porcine insulin zinc suspension for treating dogs with uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. Fifty-three dogs were treated for 60 days after an initial dose determination period. The means of the blood glucose concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves and the means of the blood glucose nadir concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves for all dogs were determined before beginning insulin therapy (time 0), at the end of the dose determination period (time 1), 30 days after time 1 (time 2), and 60 days after time 1 (time 3). Presence of polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonuria was determined at each time point. Adequacy of control of hyperglycemia was based on 12-hour blood glucose curves and improvement in clinical variables (results of physical examinations, historic information, polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonuria). Safety was evaluated by questionnaire, performance of physical examination, CBC, serum chemistry profile, and urinalysis. The means of the blood glucose concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves and the means of the blood glucose nadir concentrations during 12-hour glucose curves for all dogs at times 1, 2, and 3 were significantly lower compared with time 0 (P < .0001). There was a reduction in the proportion of dogs with polyuria, polydipsia, and ketonuria of 82, 86, and 80%, respectively. All of the dogs had adequate glycemic control at time 1, 66% at time 2, and 75% at time 3. At time 3, 66% of dogs required insulin injections q12h. Other than hypoglycemia, there were no important adverse effects of insulin administration. The insulin, was safe and efficacious for reducing blood glucose and clinical signs in dogs with diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   

9.
Effects of degree of obesity on basal concentrations of insulin, glucose, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), estradiol-17 beta (E) and progesterone (P) were measured in serum from 50 estrous and 73 diestrous Holstein heifers and the insulin response to glucose infusion was assessed in diestrous obese (n = 7) and lean (n = 7) heifers. Basal concentrations of glucose, T4, T3, E and P were not correlated with degree of obesity, although concentrations of glucose, T4 and T3 were higher (P less than .05) at estrus than diestrus. Basal concentrations of insulin at estrus and diestrus were positively correlated (r = .6; P less than .001) with degree of obesity but this relationship was different (P less than .001) between estrus and diestrus. Furthermore, there was interaction (P less than .001) between body condition and stage of the estrous cycle only for basal concentrations (mean +/- SE) of insulin, with the difference in insulin levels (microU/ml) between 12 obese and 12 lean heifers at diestrus (11.7 +/- 1.3 vs 6.7 +/- .6; P less than .05) increasing during estrus (21.9 +/- 2.4 vs 10.8 +/- 1.3; P less than .001). Insulin response to glucose infusion was greater in obese than in lean heifers, whether determined as actual concentration (P less than .01) or as insulin response areas (P less than .05) above base-line concentrations. Obese heifers were less responsive to insulin since hyperinsulinemia and euglycemia coexisted, and because glucose fractional removal rates were similar in both groups after glucose infusion in spite of greater concentrations of insulin in obese heifers. Thus, obesity in heifers was associated with insulin resistance, basal hyperinsulinemia and greater glucose-induced secretion of insulin.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether obese cats, compared with lean cats, have alterations in lipoprotein metabolism that might lead to a decrease in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. ANIMALS: 10 lean and 10 obese adults cats (5 neutered males and 5 neutered females each). PROCEDURE: Intravenous glucose tolerance tests with measurements of serum glucose, insulin, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were performed. Lipoprotein fractions were examined in serum by isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation. RESULTS: Obese cats had insulin resistance. Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased in obese cats, compared with lean cats. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentrations were increased in obese cats, compared with lean cats; however, the composition of various fractions remained unchanged between obese and lean cats, indicating greater synthesis and catabolism of VLDL in obese cats. Serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were increased in obese cats, compared with lean cats. Serum NEFA concentrations were only significantly different between obese and lean cats when separated by sex; obese male cats had higher baseline serum NEFA concentrations and greater NEFA suppression in response to insulin, compared with lean male cats. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lipid metabolism changes in obese cats, compared with lean cats. The increase in VLDL turnover in obese cats might contribute to insulin resistance of glucose metabolism, whereas the increase in serum HDL cholesterol concentration might reflect a protective effect against atherosclerosis in obese cats.  相似文献   

11.
Pharmacokinetics of a porcine insulin zinc suspension in diabetic dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Ten dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus were injected with a highly purified porcine insulin zinc suspension at a dose according to their expected requirement. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured at two-hourly intervals over 24 hours following injection. There were either one or two peaks in plasma insulin concentration: one at about four hours (mean 4.3 21.3 [SD]) and another at about 11 hours (mean 11 pM1-85) after the injection. The second insulin peak was seen in only eight dogs. Persistence of elevated plasma insulin concentrations ranged from 14 to 24 hours (mean 17.4 pM 3.65). These results compare favourably with those published for other intermediate-acting insulin preparations used to treat canine diabetes mellitus and suggest that this preparation has useful properties for the successful management of many canine diabetics.  相似文献   

12.
The effect of dry, soft moist, and canned dog foods on immediate postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations was evaluated in clinically normal dogs. Dogs were fed either dry (10 dogs; group I), soft moist (10 dogs; group II), or canned (8 dogs; group III) dog food for 5 consecutive days. On the fifth day, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined in each dog prior to, during, and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after ingestion of the food. The alterations in plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different from prefeeding values until 240 and 180 minutes after feeding for groups I and III, respectively. In contrast, the increments in plasma glucose were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased from basal concentrations at 30 and 45 minutes after feeding in group-II dogs. The maximal mean postprandial plasma glucose concentration was significantly (P less than 0.0001) less for group III, compared with concentrations for groups I and II, but there was no significant difference between concentrations for groups I and II. Although a biphasic insulin secretory response was found in all 3 groups of dogs, the patterns of phase-2 insulin secretion and the total amount of insulin secreted during the study were significantly different. There was a rapid increase in the plasma insulin concentration immediately after phase 1 in group II, with maximal plasma insulin concentrations occurring 30 minutes after feeding, followed by a gradual decrease in concentrations throughout the remainder of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

13.
Measurements of serum fructosamine, glycated hemoglobin, and glycated albumin (GA) complement serum glucose concentration for better management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Especially, the serum fructosamine test has long been used for diagnosing and monitoring the effect of treatment of DM in dogs. However, fructosamine tests are currently not performed in veterinary medicine in Japan. GA and fructoasmine levels have been shown to strongly correlate. However, the clinical implications of using GA remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was threefold: 1) Determine whether GA% is altered by acute hyperglycemia in normal dogs, simulating stress induced hyperglycemia; 2) Demonstrate that GA% does not dynamically change with diurnal variation of blood glucose concentration in diabetic dogs; and 3) Investigate whether GA% is capable of providing an index of glycemic control for 1–3 weeks in diabetic dogs as is the case with diabetic human patients. Our study demonstrated that serum GA% remains very stable and unaltered under acute hyperglycemic conditions (intravenous glucose injection) and in spite of diurnal variation of blood glucose concentration. Furthermore, serum GA% can reflect long-term changes (almost 1–3 weeks) in blood glucose concentration and the effect of injected insulin in diabetic dogs.  相似文献   

14.
The prevalence of obesity is increasing in dogs as well as in humans. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important tool for the detection of inflammation and/or early tissue damage and is linked to obesity in humans. The objective of the present study was to determine if serum CRP levels are altered in obese dogs. Fifteen lean (control group) and 16 overweight (obese group) dogs were examined. Blood samples were collected under fasted conditions for serum determination of CRP, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and fructosamine. Results indicated that obese dogs were insulin resistant because serum insulin and insulin/glucose ratios were higher than in lean dogs (P < or = 0.05). Serum CRP concentrations were lower in obese dogs than in controls (P < or = 0.001). C-reactive protein was negatively correlated with insulin/glucose ratio (R = -0.42) and cholesterol (R = -0.39; P < or = 0.05). Furthermore, levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fructosamine were increased in the obese group compared with the control group. Based on these results, it can be postulated that CRP production is inhibited by obesity and insulin resistance in dogs.  相似文献   

15.
The hormonal mediators of obesity-induced insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia in dogs have not been identified. Plasma samples were obtained after a 24-h fast from 104 client-owned lean, overweight, and obese dogs. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were used to calculate insulin sensitivity and β-cell function with the use of the homeostasis model assessment (HOMAinsulin sensitivity and HOMAβ-cell function, respectively). Path analysis with multivariable linear regression was used to identify whether fasting plasma leptin, adiponectin, or glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations were associated with adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and basal insulin secretion. None of the dogs were hyperglycemic. In the final path model, adiposity was positively associated with leptin (P < 0.01) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P = 0.04) concentrations. No significant total effect of adiposity on adiponectin in dogs (P = 0.24) was observed. If there is a direct effect of leptin on adiponectin, then our results indicate that this is a positive relationship, which at least partly counters a negative direct relationship between adiposity and adiponectin. Fasting plasma leptin concentration was directly negatively associated with fasting insulin sensitivity (P = 0.01) and positively associated with β-cell function (P < 0.01), but no direct association was observed between adiponectin concentration and either insulin sensitivity or β-cell function (P = 0.42 and 0.11, respectively). We conclude that dogs compensate effectively for obesity-induced insulin resistance. Fasting plasma leptin concentrations appear to be associated with obesity-associated changes in insulin sensitivity and compensatory hyperinsulinemia in naturally occurring obese dogs. Adiponectin does not appear to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity-associated changes in insulin sensitivity.  相似文献   

16.
Serum glucose and plasma C-peptide response to IV glucagon administration was evaluated in 24 healthy dogs, 12 dogs with untreated diabetes mellitus, 30 dogs with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, and 8 dogs with naturally acquired hyperadrenocorticism. Serum insulin response also was evaluated in all dogs, except 20 insulin-treated diabetic dogs. Blood samples for serum glucose, serum insulin, and plasma C-peptide determinations were collected immediately before and 5,10,20,30, and (for healthy dogs) 60 minutes after IV administration of 1 mg glucagon per dog. In healthy dogs, the patterns of glucagon-stimulated changes in plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations were identical, with single peaks in plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations observed approximately 15 minutes after IV glucagon administration. Mean plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations in untreated diabetic dogs, and mean plasma C-peptide concentration in insulin-treated diabetic dogs did not increase significantly after IV glucagon administration. The validity of serum insulin concentration results was questionable in 10 insulin-treated diabetic dogs, possibly because of anti-insulin antibody interference with the insulin radioimmunoassay. Plasma C-peptide and serum insulin concentrations were significantly increased (P < .001) at all blood sarnplkg times after glucagon administration in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, compared with healthy dogs, and untreated and insulin-treated diabetic dogs. Five-minute C-peptide increment, C-peptide peak response, total C-peptide secretion, and, for untreated diabetic dogs, insulin peak response and total insulin secretion were significantly lower (P < .001) in diabetic dogs, compared with healthy dogs, whereas these same parameters were significantly increased (P < .011 in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, compared with healthy dogs, and untreated and insulin-treated diabetic dogs. Although not statistically significant, there was a trend for higher plasma C-peptide concentrations in untreated diabetic dogs compared with insulin-treated diabetic dogs during the glucagon stimulation test. Baseline C-peptide concentrations also were significantly higher (P < .05) in diabetic dogs treated with insulin for less than 6 months, compared with diabetic dogs treated for longer than 1 year. Finally, 7 of 42 diabetic dogs had baseline plasma C-peptide concentrations greater than 2 SD (ie, >0.29 pmol/mL) above the normal mean plasma C-peptide concentration; values that were significantly higher, compared with results in healthy dogs (P < .001) and with the other 35 diabetic dogs (P < .001). In summary, measurement of plasma C-peptide concentration during glucagon stimulation testing allowed differentiation among healthy dogs, dogs with impaired β-cell function (ie, diabetes mellitusl, and dogs with increased β-cell responsiveness to glucagon (ie, insulin resistance). Plasma C-peptide concentrations during glucagon stimulation testing were variable in diabetic dogs and may represent dogs with type-1 and type-2 diabetes or, more likely, differences in severity of β-cell loss in dogs with type-1 diabetes. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:116–122. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effect of acarbose on control of glycemia in dogs with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Prospective randomized crossover controlled trial. ANIMALS: 5 dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus. PROCEDURE: Dogs were treated with acarbose and placebo for 2 months each: in 1 of 2 randomly assigned treatment sequences. Dogs that weighed < or = 10 kg (22 lb; n = 3) or > 10 kg (2) were given 25 or 50 mg of acarbose, respectively, at each meal for 2 weeks, then 50 or 100 mg of acarbose, respectively, at each meal for 6 weeks, with a 1-month interval between treatments. Caloric intake, type of insulin, and frequency of insulin administration were kept constant, and insulin dosage was adjusted as needed to maintain control of glycemia. Serum glucose concentrations, blood glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, and serum fructosamine concentration were determined. RESULTS: Significant differences in mean body weight and daily insulin dosage among dogs treated with acarbose and placebo were not found. Mean preprandial serum glucose concentration, 8-hour mean serum glucose concentration, and blood glycosylated hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower in dogs treated with insulin and acarbose, compared with insulin and placebo. Semisoft to watery feces developed in 3 dogs treated with acarbose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Acarbose may be useful as an adjunctive treatment in diabetic dogs in which cause for poor glycemic control cannot be identified, and insulin treatment alone is ineffective.  相似文献   

18.
Indigestible oligosaccharides have been shown to normalize blood glucose and insulin concentration thereby promoting good health and preventing diseases, such as diabetes. Transglucosidase (TG, α-glucosidase, enzyme code (EC) 3.2.1.20) is an enzyme capable of converting starch to oligosaccharides, such as iso-malto-oligosaccharides from maltose, via the action of amylase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether oral administration of TG with maltose or dextrin is capable of reducing post-prandial serum glucose concentration in experimentally streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic dogs fed on a high-fiber diet. Five healthy and five STZ-induced diabetic dogs were employed in this study. TG supplementation with dextrin or maltose had no detrimental effect in healthy dogs. In fact, TG and dextrin exhibited a flatlined serum glucose pattern, while reducing mean post-prandial serum insulin and glucose concentration as compared to control diet alone. When TG supplementation was tested in STZ-induced diabetic dogs under the context of a high fiber diet, a 13.8% and 23.9% reduction in mean glucose concentration for TG with maltose and dextrin, respectively was observed. Moreover, TG with dextrin resulted in a 13% lower mean post-prandial glucose concentration than TG with maltose, suggesting that dextrin may be a more efficient substrate than maltose when used at the same concentration (1 g/kg). Our results indicate that TG supplementation with diet can lead to lower postprandial glucose levels versus diet alone. However, the efficacy of TG supplementation may depend on the type of diet it is supplemented with. As such, TG administration may be useful for preventing the progression of diabetes mellitus and in its management in dogs.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To examine acid-base and hormonal abnormalities in dogs with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 48 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 17 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Blood was collected and serum ketone, glucose, lactate, electrolytes, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, nonesterified fatty acid, and triglyceride concentrations were measured. Indicators of acid-base status were calculated and compared between groups. RESULTS: Serum ketone and glucose concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic than in healthy dogs, but there was no difference in venous blood pH or base excess between groups. Anion gap and strong ion difference were significantly higher and strong ion gap and serum bicarbonate concentration were significantly lower in the diabetic dogs. There were significant linear relationships between measures of acid-base status and serum ketone concentration, but not between measures of acid-base status and serum lactate concentration. Serum insulin concentration did not differ significantly between groups, but diabetic dogs had a wider range of values. All diabetic dogs with a serum ketone concentration > 1,000 micromol/L had a serum insulin concentration < 5 microU/mL. There were strong relationships between serum ketone concentration and serum glucagon-insulin ratio, serum cortisol concentration, and plasma norepinephrine concentration. Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration, expressed as a percentage of serum ketone concentration, decreased as serum ketone concentration increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that ketosis in diabetic dogs was related to the glucagon-insulin ratio with only low concentrations of insulin required to prevent ketosis. Acidosis in ketotic dogs was attributable largely to high serum ketone concentrations.  相似文献   

20.
Objectives : To assess the influence of high‐fibre, moderate‐carbohydrate diets with two levels of dietary fat, compared with a commercial diet with moderate‐fibre, low‐carbohydrate and higher fat, on insulin requirement, glycaemic control and lipid profile of dogs with stabilised diabetes. Methods : Twelve dogs with spontaneous diabetes mellitus were studied. Glycaemic control was evaluated by plasma fructosamine, glycosylated haemoglobin and 48‐hour serial blood glucose measurements. The insulin dosage required to maintain clinical stability was also determined. Lipid profiles comprised serial measurements of plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, free glycerol and free fatty acids. Data were analysed using analysis of variance. Results : There were no significant differences in insulin requirement or glycaemic control among diets. Weight loss occurred when the dogs were fed the high‐fibre, moderate‐carbohydrate, moderate‐fat diet (P<0·002), whereas weight was maintained with the other two diets. The high‐fibre, moderate‐carbohydrate, moderate‐fat diet resulted in lower mean plasma cholesterol compared with either of the higher‐fat diets (P≤0·003), and lower mean plasma triglyceride (P=0·060), free fatty acid (P<0·001) and free glycerol (P=0·015) than the commercial diet. Clinical Significance : For stable diabetic dogs, high‐fibre, moderate‐carbohydrate diets offered no significant advantage compared with a commercial diet with moderate fibre and low carbohydrate. Diets with high fibre, moderate carbohydrate and moderate fat should not be routinely recommended for dogs with thin body condition.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号