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1.
报道了细鳞鲴(Xenocypris microlepis)繁殖生物学的初步调查研究结果。细鳞鲴雌雄个体在繁殖季节的显著区别是雄性个体有珠星。繁殖季节雄雌性比为1.55∶1,最小性成熟年龄为2龄,繁殖群体主要由2、3龄组成。细鳞鲴的绝对繁殖力F为8247～157899粒,平均78629.3粒。体重相对繁殖力FW为95～487粒,体长相对繁殖力FL为894～5110粒,平均相对繁殖力FW为(225.8±58.32)粒、FL为(2738.4±135.53)粒。其绝对繁殖力F随体长(L)、体重(W)、空壳重(W0)、性腺重(Wx)的增加而增加,对相对繁殖力FL和FW影响较大的分别是性腺重(Wx)和性成熟系数GSI。  相似文献   

2.
于2015年5~6月在辽河双台子河口水域采捕176尾性腺发育到Ⅳ期的刀鲚Coilia nasus雌鱼,测量其体长(L)、体质量(W)、净体质量(W_o)、性腺重(W_l)和卵径等生物学指标。取左侧鳃盖骨鉴定年龄,用重量法计数个体绝对生殖力(F),计算体长相对生殖力(F_L)和体重相对生殖力(F_w),用5种数学模型及多元逐步回归方程拟合个体生殖力与生物学指标的关系。结果显示:样本由4~+~6~+龄组成,个体绝对生殖力(F)17 968~116 935粒,平均44 995粒;体长相对生殖力(F_L)66~297粒/mm,平均为145粒/mm;体质量相对生殖力(F_w)192~710粒/g,平均为362粒/g。F和F_L与体长(L)、体质量(W)、净体质量(W_o)、性腺重(W_l)、成熟系数(GSI)和年龄呈极显著正相关,与肥满度(K)相关关系不显著。F_w仅与W_l、GSI极显著正相关,和其他指标的相关性不显著。多元逐步回归显示,F与W和W_l密切相关,相关式为:F=-15 623.878+1 158.377W_l+324.104W(n=176,R=0.851;DW=1.890,P0.01);F_L与W_l和K密切相关,相关式为:F_L=-68.850+3.868W_l+302 687.076K(n=176,R=0.728;DW=1.743,P0.01);F_w均与L和GSI密切相关,相关式为:F_w=207.215-5.17L+7.5918GSI(n=176,R=0.646;DW=1.849,P0.01)。第Ⅳ~Ⅴ期刀鲚卵巢中,卵径变化范围在0.55~1.05mm之间,平均0.81mm。依据卵径频率分布推测,刀鲚属单峰一次性产卵鱼类。  相似文献   

3.
探究中华花鳅(Cobitis sinensis)的繁殖生物学特性,可为其人工增养殖和资源保护利用提供科学依据。2017年11月至2018年5月,在贵州境内舞阳河施秉段采集中华花鳅样本381尾,以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,将样本解剖后进行性别鉴定和性腺分期。结果表明,舞阳河中华花鳅体长(L)为58.9~100.2 mm,体重(W)为2.0~13.7 g,年龄在1~4龄。381尾样本中,性别不可辨样本有23尾,雄248尾,雌110尾,性腺发育至IV期最多。经肉眼观察发现,中华花鳅的精巢和卵巢均可分为6期,有70尾雌鱼性腺发育达到IV期,其绝对繁殖力(F)为542~2 865粒,体长相对繁殖力(FL)为6.6~28.6粒/mm,体重相对繁殖力(FW)为99.8~490.7粒/g;绝对繁殖力(F)、体长相对繁殖力(FL)均与体长(L)、体重(W)、净体重(W0)、性腺重(W1)、成熟系数(GSI)之间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01),体重相对繁殖力(FW)与性腺重(W1)、成熟系数(GSI)之间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01)。实地调查发现,中华花鳅的产卵场主要在砂质底质、水质清新、水流较缓、水草丰富的浅水区,繁殖期为5-8月,繁殖高峰期为5月中旬至6月上旬。研究显示,中华花鳅的繁殖力较低,繁殖高峰期时间较短,低龄化严重,亟需对其进行资源保护和系统研究。  相似文献   

4.
为比较不同地理群体脊尾白虾亲本的繁殖特性,采用常规生物学和统计回归分析方法,对大丰、如东、启东、奉贤、宁海等不同地理群体的脊尾白虾亲本进行了比较研究。结果显示：不同地理群体脊尾白虾繁殖亲本的总性比(♀/♂)均小于1,不同群体之间差异不显著(P>0.05);各群体脊尾白虾抱卵个体的绝对繁殖力为1 699.10～2 733.72粒,个体体长相对繁殖力为275.93～404.36粒/cm,个体体质量相对繁殖力为455.31～596.26粒/g,不同群体之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);不同地理群体脊尾白虾繁殖亲本的绝对繁殖力F与体长L、体质量W均存在着显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究结果表明,不同地理群体脊尾白虾的繁殖特性已出现分化或分化的趋势。  相似文献   

5.
2012~2015年在长江上游宜宾江段采集样品,分析研究长鳍吻鮈Rhinogobio ventralis的个体繁殖力及其与各体征指标的关系。结果表明:长鳍吻鮈的绝对繁殖力(F)变动范围为16 399~40 021粒/尾,平均为(27 943±7 777)粒/尾;体长相对繁殖力(FL)变动范围为87~165粒/mm,平均为(120.9±19.8)粒/mm;体质量相对繁殖力(FW)变动范围为124~234粒/g,平均为(163.8±21.7)粒/g。繁殖力与体征指标的相关分析表明:F、FL与体长、体质量、净体质量、卵巢质量以及年龄均呈正相关,达到极显著水平(P0.01);FW仅与体质量、净体质量以及成熟系数显著相关(P0.01);进一步回归分析显示:F、FL与体长、体质量、净体质量均呈二次函数相关,即繁殖力随体长、体质量增加而增长。  相似文献   

6.
2008年4-5月对洛河野生鲹鲦进行随机取样调查,共收集样本145(雌44,雄101)尾.测定成熟雌鱼体长(L)、体重(W)、年龄(A)、空壳重(BW)、卵巢重(GW)、怀卵量等指标,计数个体绝对生殖力(F),并计算出鲹鲦的体长相对生殖力(FL)、体重相对生殖力(FW)、肥满度(CF)和成熟系数(GSI)等,用6种数学模式拟合了鲹鲦个体生殖力与生物学指标间的关系.结果表明:①成熟雌性鲹鲦由0+-3+龄鱼组成;②个体绝对生殖力(F)范围为1937-39563粒,平均8436粒;体长相对生殖力(FL)范围为190-2586粒/cm,平均735粒/cm;体重相对生殖力(Fw)范围为110-865粒/g,平均383粒/g;③其个体绝对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄都呈抛物线函数相关,体长相对生殖力与体长、体重和年龄分别呈抛物线、直线和抛物线函数相关,体重相对生殖力与它们相关不显著.  相似文献   

7.
报道了细鳞鲴(Xenocypris microlepis)繁殖生物学的初步调查研究。细鳞鲴雌雄个体在繁殖季节的显著特征是有无“珠星”。繁殖季节雄雌性比为1.55：1,最小性成熟年龄为2龄,繁殖群体主要由2、3龄组成。细鳞鲴的绝对繁殖力F为8247粒至157899粒,平均78629.3粒。体重相对繁殖力FW为 95-487粒,体长相对繁殖力FL为894-5110粒,平均相对繁殖力FW为225.8 ±58.32粒、FL为 2738.4±135.53 粒。其绝对繁殖力F随体长（L）、体重（W）、空壳重（W0）、性腺重（Wx）的增加而增加,对相对繁殖力FL和FW影响较大的分别是性腺重（Wx）和性成熟系数GSI。  相似文献   

8.
光唇鱼雌性个体生殖力的测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
随机采集光唇鱼雌性个体样本12尾,测量其体长(L)、体质量(W)、净体质量(Wn)和性腺质量(Wo)等生物学指标。用质量法计数个体绝对生殖力,并对体长相对生殖力(FL)、体质量相对生殖力(Fw)和成熟系数进行计算,结果表明:个体绝对生殖力(F)在458~14254粒,平均3736粒。体长相对生殖力(FL)在50~1013粒/cm,平均346粒/cm。体质量相对生殖力(Fw)在19~151粒/g,平均85粒/g。绝对生殖力主要集中于1000~5000粒,绝对生殖力在10000粒以上的样本较少。体长相对生殖力主要分布于100~500粒/cm,而体质量相对生殖力主要集中于25~100粒/g。  相似文献   

9.
2013和2014年5~6月间,采用自制悬挂式电鱼机,在鸭绿江支流蒲石河采捕368尾杂色杜父鱼Cottus poecilopus Heckel,研究该鱼的生物学。结果表明:杂色杜父鱼全长L(mm)与体质量W(g)的关系式为:W=2×10-5L2.9662。48尾雌性个体的统计表明,个体绝对繁殖力(F)为497粒,体长相对繁殖力(FL)为5.06±2.13粒/mm,体质量相对繁殖力(FW)为36.98±15.63粒/g。杂色杜父鱼的摄食率为28.26%;充塞度为1~5级的标本尾数分别占总标本数的38.46%、26.92%、19.23%、11.54%,和3.85%;主要食物为底栖动物和小型鱼类。饵料生物中个数百分比(N%)最高的种类是灰纹石蛾Hydropsyche ulmeri,质量百分比(W%)和出现频次百分比(F%)最高的均为钩虾Gammarus sp.,百分比相对重要性指数(IRI%)最高的是灰纹石蛾Hydropsyche ulmeri。  相似文献   

10.
于2012年和2013年的5~6月间,调查研究采自图们江支流三道沟的黑龙江中杜父鱼Mesocottus haitej Dybowski的生物学特性。结果表明:该鱼全长L与体质量W的关系式为W=3×10~(-6)L~(3.3408),雌鱼最小性成熟年龄为1~+龄,其全长和体质量分别为69.96mm和5.82g。对53尾性成熟雌性个体的统计表明,黑龙江中杜父鱼1~+龄成熟系数平均为(26.23±5.57)%,个体绝对繁殖力(F)平均为(230±85)粒/尾,个体相对繁殖力(F_L和F_W)平均分别为(2.66±1.13)粒/mm和(40.37±10.11)粒/g;2~+龄成熟系数平均为(37.80±5.69)%,F平均为(530±98)粒,F_L平均为(4.58±0.70)粒/mm,F_W平均为(34.51±4.15)粒/g。3~+龄成熟系数平均为27.75%,F平均为759粒/尾,F_L为6.09粒/mm,F_W平均为33.20粒/g。对84尾样本解剖发现,黑龙江中杜父鱼的摄食率为44.05%,充塞度为1~5级的标本尾数分别占总标本数的40.54%、35.14%、10.81%、5.41%和8.11%。食物组成分析显示:食物均为底栖动物,出现频次(F%)、个数百分比(N%)、重量百分比(W%)、出现频次百分比(G%)、相对重要性指数(IRI)和综合指标优势指数(I_p)中,排在前两位的均是Ameletus costalis和钩虾Gammarus sp.。  相似文献   

11.
Stimulation of the non-specific defence enhances the disease resistance and growth, and has good potentials as a measure for increased microbial control in juvenile production of marine fish and shellfish. So far, the most commonly used immunostimulants are β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucans, and in this study the stimulatory potential of a β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan of marine origin, the storage polysaccharide from the marine diatom Chaetoceros mülleri, was examined. The glucan (chrysolaminaran) was extracted from cultures of C. mülleri, and used as a dietary supplement in two first feeding experiments with larvae of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. In one experiment the microalgal glucan was compared to the commercial yeast-glucan product MacroGard®, and in the other to an alginate with a high content of mannuronic acid (High-M alginate) isolated from Durvillaea antarctica. The stimulants were given via rotifers, and weaning to formulated feed was initiated at day 17 or 18 after hatching. The survival ± SEM at day 27 after hatching was 24.5 ± 2.0%, 14.8 ± 4.5% and 13.1 ± 1.4% for the groups fed C. mülleri-glucan, yeast glucan and for the control, respectively, in the first experiment. The group fed C. mülleri-glucan group had higher survival compared to the control (P < 0.05) group, whereas the yeast glucan had no positive effect on the survival (p > 0.05). The dry weights of the groups at day 27 were low, with 203.2 ± 52.2, 165.2 ± 43.4 and 198.5 ± 58.1 μg per larva for the C. mülleri-glucan, yeast glucan and control groups, respectively. In the second experiment the survival in the period of feeding formulated feed (days 18-30) were 44.6 ± 4.3%, 44.7 ± 1.3%, and 33.8 ± 4.1% survival for the C. mülleri-glucan, High-M alginate and control group, respectively. The cod larvae fed C. mülleri-glucan reached an average weight of 531.6 ± 17.2 μg at day 30, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group that had an average of 473.6 ± 3.5 μg. The larvae fed High-M alginate had an average weight of 470.3 ± 31.6 μg per larva at day 30, and not significantly different from the control (p > 0.05). The early weaning to formulated diet had detrimental effect on the growth of the larvae. In both experiments the C. mülleri-glucan group was the only group showing a positive growth rate in the period of weaning to dry feed. The microbial conditions in larval gut and water were monitored with respect to total colony forming units on Marine agar, and Vibrio- and Pseudomonas-like species on selective agars (TCBS and marine Pseudomonas Agar with CFC-supplement). The larvae were rapidly colonised after hatching, but no or weak effects of the stimulants were observed on the colonisation rates or the composition. The total CFU varied from 101 to 102 CFU per μg larva after initiation of the first feeding. The percentages of Pseudomonas-like bacteria increased throughout the period, whereas the levels of Vibrio-like bacteria were low and stable. The chrysolaminaran from the diatom C. mülleri was shown to be a promising candidate for use as an immunostimulatory feed additive, and which should be further explored.  相似文献   

12.
Largemouth perch (Percichthys colhuapiensis) represents one of the most economically important fish species in the Argentine Patagonia. However, little research has been done on the age and growth and population dynamics of this fish, though both studies are essential to properly deal with fisheries forecasts and management. As a contribution to elaborating management programmes for P. colhuapiensis, we evaluated the age and growth of this species in the Negro river via scale and whole otolith reading methods. The sample consisted of 579 specimens ranging in total length (TL) from 90 to 475 mm, captured seasonally from December 1994 to December 1995. The formation of scale annuli (end of winter) and the hyaline zone on otoliths (winter) of adult fish coincided with the beginning of the spawning season (end of winter-beginning of spring). The maximum estimated age was 11 years, which indicates that this is a relatively long-lived species. Otoliths were useful for ageing specimens 1–5 years-old, but above this age whole otoliths yielded lower age estimates than scales. Isometric growth of weight with length was found for total population, juveniles, and separate sexes (p > 0.25 in all cases). No significant differences between the length–weight relationships of sexes were observed (p > 0.10). Length at first maturity was significantly higher for males (TL50 = 271 mm TL; r = 0.88) than for females (TL50 = 243 mm TL; r = 0.96) (p < 0.01). Largemouth perch exhibited a consistent pattern of increase in length with age, with a period of fast growth during the first 5 years, and a slow-growing phase during the rest of his life. The growth parameters based on scale data were L∞: 462.1 mm, k = 0.23 and t0 = −0.94 for total population, L∞: 402.3 mm, k = 0.33 and t0 = −0.67 for males, and L∞: 548.4 mm, k = 0.15 and t0 = −1.59 for females, whereas those based on otolith reading were L∞: 537.4 mm, k = 0.17 and t0 = −1.0 for total population, L∞: 497.6 mm, k = 0.21 and t0 = −0.79 for males, and L∞: 582.0 mm, k = 0.14 and t0 = −1.53 for females. Scales are concluded to be the best structure to age P. colhuapiensis because they rendered L∞ values closer to the maximum TL observed, high precision, easiness of collection, low processing time, and the possibility of performing non-destructive monitoring studies.  相似文献   

13.
A 60 days study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of water extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. leaf on the immune response and disease resistance of Labeo rohita fingerlings against the Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Ocimum sanctum extract was incorporated in the diets (at 0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1%) of Labeo rohita, rohu fingerlings (6.6 ± 0.013 g). After 42 days blood, plasma and serum were sampled to determine super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin in plasma, blood glucose, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio, WBC, RBC, haemoglobin content. Fish were challenged with A. hydrophila after 42 days and mortalities were recorded over 18 days post infection. The results demonstrate enhanced super oxide anion production, lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin in plasma, serum total protein, globulin, total RBC counts, total WBC counts and haemoglobin content (P < 0.05) in treatments group compared with control group. Dietary O. sanctum extracts of 0.2% showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher protection relative percentage survival (RPS 40.00 ± 5.773%) against A. hydrophila infection than control. These results indicate that O. sanctum leaf extract stimulates the immunity and makes L. rohita more resistant to bacterial infection (A. hydrophila).  相似文献   

14.
Stocking density is a biotic factor affecting the production of cultivated animals in aquaculture. Herein, a rearing trial was conducted to investigate the impact of stocking density on the survival, growth performance and physical injury of Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles in a flowing water aquaculture system. Five stocking densities were examined in this study, that is, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 individuals/m2. Throughout the experiment, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite concentrations ranged from 0.02 ± 0.006 mg/L to 0.08 ± 0.035 mg/L and 0.002 ± 0.001 mg/L to 0.076 ± 0.021 mg/L respectively. The survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), absolute growth rate (AGR) and coefficient of variation for weight (CV) across the stocking densities ranged from 90.38 ± 3.20% to 94.33 ± 4.73%, 1.42 ± 0.16%/day to 1.53 ± 0.05%/day, 1.09 ± 0.19 g to 1.15 ± 0.16 g, 0.018 ± 0.003 g/day to 0.019 ± 0.004 g/day and 16.21 ± 5.78% to 35.09 ± 10.68% respectively. Within the investigated densities, the survival rate and the abovementioned growth parameters were not significantly (p > .05) affected by the stocking density, consequently, a higher stocking density resulted in a significantly (p < .05) greater final biomass. The results regarding physical injury showed that the antennal breakage rate displayed a tendency of a positive correlation with the stocking density. Overall, the current study provides basic data for establishing a viable intensive farming system for M. japonicus and a promising indicator for easily assessing the crowding stress status of M. japonicus.  相似文献   

15.
This investigation compared the effects of using two binders of no nutritional value, lignosol and agar, and the binding method, microbinding and microcoating, on the growth of juvenile Atlantic ditch shrimp, Palaemonetes varians, and rockpool prawn, Palaemon elegans. Shrimp were fed one basal diet which varied solely in binder type and method of inclusion (Diet A, with lignosol added by microbinding, Diet B, with agar added by microbinding, and Diet C with lignosol added by microcoating) for a period of 45 days. At the end of the experiment significant differences in the final wet weight were found between shrimps fed Diet A and Diet C and between shrimps fed Diet B and Diet C (P < 0.001), but no significant differences were found between Diet A and Diet B (P > 0.05). These results were verified for both species. Significant differences were found between the linear regression slopes of the three tested diets for P. varians (F 3,411 = 3.41; P < 0.04), and for P. elegans (F 3,431 = 10.51; P < 0.0003). Palaemon elegans grew faster than P. varians and at the end of the experiment significant differences were found between the final wet weight of the two species (F 3,842 = 48.17, P < 0.0001). The growth parameters analysed, weight gain (WG), thermal-unit growth coefficient (TGC), and food conversion rate (FCR) were always higher for P. elegans. Results indicate that use of either lignosol or agar, added to the diet by microbinding, is advisable.  相似文献   

16.
Six size groups of hatchery produced turbot (2–499 g) were reared at six constant temperatures (10–25 °C). The results were used to develop a mathematical model for growth rate and feed conversion in turbot. At each temperature there were linear relationships between logarithms of (a) specific growth rate (G%/day) and body weight (W g), and (b) feed conversion ratio (FCR) and W. The slopes of the regressions were linearly related to temperature and the intercepts of the regression changed with temperature according to a second order polynomial. The optimal temperature for growth (Topt.G) is predicted to decline with increasing body weight: Topt.G = 22.45 − 0.713lnW, i.e. 22.5, 20.8, 19.1 and 17.5 °C for 1, 10, 100 and 1000 g fish, respectively, and the growth rates of these fish sizes at their optimal temperature (Gmax) were predicted to be 7.63, 2.73, 1.03 and 0.40%/day, respectively. The optimal temperature for feed conversion (Topt.FCR) is also predicted to decline with increasing fish size: Topt.FCR = 18.80 − 0.625lnW, i.e. 18.8, 17.4, 15.9 and 14.5 °C for 1, 10, 100 and 1000 g fish, respectively, and the predicted feed conversions of these fish sizes (FCRmin) were 0.44, 0.56, 0.68 and 0.82 for the present feed types. The growth model predicts that 2 g turbot can reach 743 and 619 g in 1 year when reared at Topt.G and Topt.FCR, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
Growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (initial body weight ∼ 22 g) at various temperatures (23, 27, 31 and 35 °C) were investigated in this study. Maximal ration level (RLmax, %/day) increased as temperature (T, °C) increased from 23 °C to 31 °C but decreased at 35 °C, described as a quadratic equation: RLmax = −0.023T2 + 1.495T − 17.52. Faecal production (f, mg g− 1 day− 1) increased with increased temperature (T, °C), described as a power function: lnf = 0.738lnT − 0.806. As temperature increased, feed absorption efficiency in dry weight (FAEd, %), protein (FAEp, %) and energy (FAEe, %) all increased first and then decreased, but the variation of feed absorption efficiency was small, with ranges of 89.59-91.08%, 92.91-94.71%, 93.92-95.32%, respectively. Specific growth rate in wet weight (SGRw, %/day), dry weight (SGRd, %/day), protein (SGRp, %/day) and energy (SGRe, %/day) showed a domed curve relative to temperature (T, °C), described as quadratic equations: SGRw = − 0.068T2 + 3.878T − 50.53, SGRd = − 0.079T2 + 4.536T −59.64, SGRp = − 0.084T2 + 4.783T − 63.08 and SGRe = − 0.082T2 + 4.654T − 60.99, and SGRw, SGRd, SGRp and SGRe maximized at 28.5 °C, 28.6 °C, 28.4 °C, 28.5 °C, respectively, as calculated from the regression equations. The relationships between feed conversion efficiency in wet weight (FCEw, %), dry weight (FCEd, %), protein (FCEp, %), energy (FCEe, %) and temperature (T, °C) also took on a domed curve described as quadratic equations: FCEw = − 0.726T2 + 39.71T − 473.8, FCEd = − 0.276T2 + 15.31T − 190.6, FCEp = − 0.397T2 + 22.05T − 277.9 and FCEe = − 0.350T2 + 19.39T − 239.9, and FCEw, FCEd, FCEp and FCEe maximized at 27.4 °C, 27.8 °C, 27.7 °C and 27.7 °C, respectively, as calculated from the regression equations. Energy budget of juvenile cobia fed satiation was 100C = 5F + 67(U + R) + 28G at water temperature 27 °C and 100C = 5F + 70(U + R) + 25G at water temperature 31 °C, where C is food energy, F is faeces energy, (U + R) is excretion energy and metabolism energy, and G is growth energy.  相似文献   

18.
A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of Bacillus subtilis LT3‐1 in diets on growth, immune parameters, intestinal morphology and disease resistance in genetically improved farmed tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (46.91 ± 0.17 g) were fed with a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis LT3‐1 at 0 (B0), 3.8 × 1010 (B1), 7.6 × 1010 (B2), 1.14 × 1011 (B3) and 1.52 × 1011 (B4) CFU kg?1 for 6 weeks. The results showed that the weight gain of fish in B1 group was significantly enhanced compared to that in B0 group (p < 0.05). The addition of B. subtilis significantly affected serum biochemical indices (total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase). Besides, the haematocrit, total counts of red and white blood cells, as well as the serum catalase and lysozyme activities, were increased, whereas the serum malondialdehyde, the serum immunoglobulin M and complement three contents were reduced. Parameters for intestinal morphology suggested a healthier intestine for the fish fed B. subtilis‐supplemented diets than fish fed the control diet. The survival rate after Streptococcus agalactiae challenge increased in tilapia fed with B. subtilis. The present study demonstrated B. subtilis can effectively improve growth, immunological status and resistance against S. agalactiae infection in tilapia farming.  相似文献   

19.
In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B6 (VB6) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB6 levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB6 significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB6 achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB6 concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB6 concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB6. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB6 (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB6 increased intestinal Na+, K+‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB6 levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB6 concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB6 levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.  相似文献   

20.
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (hereafter A. salmonicida) is the aetiological agent of furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish. Once A. salmonicida invade the fish host through skin, gut or gills, it spreads and colonizes the head kidney, liver, spleen and brain. A. salmonicida infects leucocytes and exhibits an extracellular phase in the blood of the host; however, it is unknown whether A. salmonicida have an intraerythrocytic phase. Here, we evaluate whether A. salmonicida infects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo. A. salmonicida did not kill primary S. salar erythrocytes, even in the presence of high bacterial loads, but A. salmonicida invaded the S. salar erythrocytes in the absence of evident haemolysis. Naïve Atlantic salmon smolts intraperitoneally infected with A. salmonicida showed bacteraemia 5 days post‐infection and the presence of intraerythrocytic A. salmonicida. Our results reveal a novel intraerythrocytic phase during A. salmonicida infection.  相似文献   

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