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马铃薯茎尖脱毒效果影响因素的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以克新2号、克新16号和克新17号等8个马铃薯品种为试验材料,对马铃薯茎尖脱毒效果的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:不同种类的植物生长调节剂对茎尖的生长有不同的影响,茎尖在⑤号培养基(MS+1.0mg·L-1KT+0.5mg·L-1IAA+0.5mg·L-1GA3)上可不产生愈伤组织,直接成苗,是最适宜的培养基;6～8℃低温预处理和37℃热空气处理对茎尖脱毒有利;茎尖取材来源对成苗率没有影响,对脱毒效果影响较大,但脱毒效果依品种而异;为避免造成损失,需在15个月内准备出用于更换的基础苗。 相似文献
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甘蔗茎尖胚状体脱毒苗快繁技术研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以甘蔗新台糖22号为材料,比较茎尖胚状体、茎尖与腋芽3种分化成苗繁育方法在不同时期接种、不同激素水平下的组培苗增殖速度、苗素质及脱毒效果。试验结果表明:组培苗繁殖速度以茎尖胚状体分化苗最快,增殖5代后扩繁2589倍,茎尖297倍,腋芽104倍,培养基以6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA 0.01~0.1mg/L增殖效果最好;组培苗质量与繁殖速度相反;出现不正常生长的苗类型有白化苗、细弱小苗、玻璃化苗、疯长苗4种,茎尖胚状体苗发生率1.77%,茎尖苗1.56%,腋芽苗0.31%;不同处理间组培苗生根及移栽成活率差异不显著,生根率茎尖胚状体苗75.3%、茎尖苗76.9%、腋芽苗76.6%,移栽成活率茎尖胚状体苗94.8%、茎尖苗95.4%、腋芽苗95.1%,生根培养基以NAA7.5mg/L+ABA 2.5mg/L最好;去除RSD、花叶病方面,以茎尖胚状体苗最好,RSD去除率95%、花叶病去除率100%,茎尖苗RSD去除率70%、花叶病75%,腋芽苗未能去除RSD、花叶病。应用茎尖胚性细胞再生植株,脱毒效果好,繁殖速度快,可克服目前脱毒苗生产中试管苗扩繁量小、成本高的难题。 相似文献
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甘薯茎尖脱毒及快繁技术研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以辽薯20等品种为试材,对辽宁省4个主栽甘薯品种的茎尖脱毒和脱毒苗快繁技术进行研究。结果表明,甘薯茎尖采用体积分数为0.05的NaClO溶液消毒10 min,采用高温（33～35℃）预培养植株2～5 mm茎尖作为外植体进行脱毒,可提高成苗率和脱毒效果。切取0.2～0.3 mm长的茎尖分生组织,在附加6-BA1.0mg/L＋NAA0.24 mg/L的MS培养基中,4个品种的茎尖培养成苗率平均为78.5%,成苗期45～60 d,加入IAA（0.02～0.05 mg/L）的MS培养基对甘薯无毒苗的快速繁殖更有利。 相似文献
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不同处理方法对马铃薯茎尖成苗率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验以带马铃薯病毒的N88为材料,分别在40℃/25℃(4 h/20 h)的变温环境中,培养2、3、4周处理后茎尖剥离;以N88和D575试管苗为材料,在加入0,20,30 mg·L-1病毒唑的培养基中处理40 d后茎尖剥离。茎尖培养基为MS+0.05 mg·L-1 NAA+0.1 mg·L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg·L-1 GA3+4 g·L-1琼脂粉+30 g·L-1白砂糖的改良固体培养基,30 d后开始调查成苗率,每隔10 d调查1次,直到60 d,统计茎尖成苗率。结果表明:2周变温处理的茎尖成苗率和对照接近,但脱毒率有所提高;4周变温处理剥离茎尖成苗率最低,60 d成苗率仅为15%,脱毒率为100%;病毒唑浓度对不同材料的茎尖成苗率影响不同,其中D575经过20 mg·L-1病毒唑处理,茎尖培养60 d后成苗率最高达到83.3%,PVS脱除率为40%;材料N88在加入20 mg·L-1和30 mg·L-1浓度病毒唑的培养基中培养40 d后茎尖剥离,60 d成苗率分别为40.0%和41.7%,PVY、PLRV的脱毒率为100%。 相似文献
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甘薯脱毒苗工厂化生产关键技术再研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
选用当地大面积推广的优良甘薯品种进行茎尖离体及脱毒苗工厂化生产试验。结果表明，附加２ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ以０．５ｇ／１００ｇ琼脂固化的ＭＳ培养基为最佳诱导分化培养基；茎尖接种后１２－１８ｄ转移到不加任何激素的ＭＳ培养基中培养，成苗率最高；经过８次１０次继代快繁，组培苗可一次性移栽于土壤经过消毒处理的温室，移栽成活率可达９５％以上 。 相似文献
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果蔗Badila花叶病茎尖脱毒技术的研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本文利用热带种（Badila)茎尖培养进行脱毒研究。试验结果表明：细胞分裂素是茎尖成苗所必需的激素，萘乙酸则不是，0．5－1．0mm外植体在附加2．0mg/L BA和0．2mg/L NAA的MS液体培养基中进行离体培养，成苗率可达30％以上；采用液体培养和在培养基中添加少量的活性炭均能有效地防止酚污染，提高成苗率；茎尖培养结合热处理能有效地脱除花叶病毒，侧芽培养无法进行脱毒。田间调查表明，茎尖脱毒苗在光合速率、株高、茎径方面显著优于未脱毒的侧芽苗，分蘖数两者相近。 相似文献
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甘蔗茎尖脱毒培养技术研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
针对热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养甘蔗脱毒苗在茎尖培养阶段由于污染率和褐变率高培养成功率较低问题,在甘蔗的热处理、茎尖解剖、接种等阶段设计不同试验进行研究探讨,以期提高茎尖培养的成活率和成功率.试验结果表明,不同的甘蔗品种在热处理时应需不同的水浴温度和时间:在茎尖解剖前,使用75%酒精处理可以减少茎尖培养的污染率;在接种前,将茎尖放到无茵水或者150mg/L的PVP(聚乙烯毗咯烷酮)溶液中浸泡15min可以减少酚污染,PVP还对其生长有促进作用;活性炭的作用有利有弊,需要进一步的研究确定其用量. 相似文献
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三倍体枇杷茎尖培养与植株再生 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以三倍体枇杷茎尖为外植体,研究了取材时间及茎尖大小、植物生长调节剂对三倍体枇杷茎尖培养与植株再生过程中萌发、伸长、生根及移栽的影响。结果表明:春季取材且茎尖大小为0.7 cm时,茎尖成活率最高,为77.5%;初代培养适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L+IBA 1.5 mg/L,在此培养基上,三倍体枇杷茎尖萌发率高达91%;茎尖伸长适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+GA30.3 mg/L,平均芽苗高度可达4.9 cm;芽苗增殖适宜培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.3 mg/L+Tryptone 750 mg/L,增殖系数为7.7;生根适宜培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.25 mg/L+IBA 2.0 mg/L,生根率为73.3%;三倍体枇杷组培苗移栽入腐熟有机肥∶园土∶锯末(1∶2∶1)的基质中成活率达到93.67%。 相似文献
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Summary Potato virus X (PVX) infectivity of three series of axillary potato meristem tips, each including the apical dome plus one,
two and four leaflets respectively, was compared statistically with the infectivity of three series of plantlets developed
from meristem tips of corresponding sizes, cultured in vitro. PVX eradication depends on the size of meristem tips. The difference
between the percentage of PVX-infected plantlets and the percentage of PVX-infected meristem tips was found statistically
significant when one and two leaflet meristem tips were considered. This result gives experimental evidence of an active role
of meristem tips development in the virus eradication process. 相似文献
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Cryotherapy of Potato Shoot Tips for Efficient Elimination of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Viral diseases constitute a major constraint to high yield and high quality production of potato. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most damaging potato viruses and are prevalent in most potato growing areas. In the present study, attempts
were made to eliminate PLRV and PVY by three cryogenic protocols, i.e., encapsulation-dehydration, encapsulation-vitrification
and droplet. Results showed that both PLRV and PVY could be efficiently eliminated by cryogenic treatments with 83–86% and
91–95% of frequencies of virus-free plantlets obtained for the former and latter, respectively. Frequencies of virus-free
plantlets produced by cryogenic treatments were higher than those by meristem culture (56% for PLRV and 62% for PVY) and thermotherapy
(50% for PLRV and 65% for PVY), and similar to those by thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (90% for PLRV and 93% for
PVY). Survival (75–85%) and regrowth (83–89%) from cryo-treated shoot tips were higher than those from meristem culture (50–55%)
and thermotherapy followed by meristem culture (40–50%), but similar to those from thermotherapy (80–87%). The morphology
of the plantlets regenerated from cryo-treated shoot tips was similar to that of non-treated plantlets. Thus, cryotherapy
would provide an alternative method for efficient elimination of potato viruses, and can be simultaneously used for long-term
storage of potato germplasm and for production of virus-free plants. 相似文献
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以王氏唇柱苣苔(Chirita wangiana)叶片为外植体进行组培离体快繁研究,并利用流式细胞术对组培苗进行遗传稳定性分析。结果表明:最佳初代诱导培养基为MS添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA;最适继代培养基为MS添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L NAA;最适生根培养基为1/2 MS培养基添加0.5 mg/L IBA和15 g/L蔗糖,所有生根培养基获得的组培苗移栽驯化成活率达到92%以上。组织学切片检测表明,王氏唇柱苣苔叶片为外植体所形成芽体均为器官发生方式形成。流式细胞术检测表明,组培苗倍性没有变化,基因组大小与母本相比仅发生了1.86%的减少;染色体数目为2n=36,跟母本一致,植株形态特征上也无变异。研究结果可为王氏唇柱苣苔的园艺应用快速提供大量遗传稳定的种苗。 相似文献
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The use of tissue culture techniques for the international movement of potato clonal germplasm was studied. “Multi-meristem” cultures were established from virus-free plants by procedures described earlier by the authors. Well developed plantlets, regenerated aseptically from “nodal cuttings” of shoots produced in multi-meristem cultures, were used for international transfer. The medium contained the Murashige-Skoog mineral and vitamin components, with 2% sucrose, and was supplemented with 2 mg/l calcium pantothenate and 0.2 mg/l gibberellic acid. The cultures survived the mail shipment when 1% agar medium and small test tubes were used; polystyrene containers reduced damage due to abrupt temperature changes. At the receiving end, higher survival rates during the recovery of plants was achieved through potting of plantlets regenerated from nodal cutting cultures. A total of 43 pest and disease-free potato clones have been distributedin vitro from CIP to 10 different countries. The training of technicians from developing countries played an important role in the application of these methods. 相似文献
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Summary Uridine-H3 was incorporated into meristem tips of both healthy and PLRV-infected potato plants, of the cultivars, Majestic and Primura.
Autoradiograms of tips pretreated with actinomycin D showed that 13 of 14 and 11 of 14 respectively, were virus free in the
dome and first 4 leaf primordia, 1 and 3 were infected in the 4th leaf primordium, and 1 of Primura also in its 3rd primordium.
The highest plantlet yield from cultures in vitro of meristem tips that included 4 leaf primordia (7 to 9 plantlets per meristem),
was obtained by growing them in sequence on 3 sequential media, each based on Murashige and Skoog basic medium complemented
with various hormones. The 2nd medium, containing benzylaminopurine (0.5 mg/l) and gibberellic acid (0.5 mg/l), elicited callus
and the subsequent formation of adventitious buds. Of the plantlets of the cvs Vivaks, Primura and Majestic, 88, 91 and 100
%, respectively, were PLRV-free.
Propagation in vitro, by the single-node cutting technique and tuberlet production, were successful. 相似文献
17.
Efficient plant regeneration of Saintpaulia ionantha (African violet) has been obtained in the present study. MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) IAA and 2.0 mg L(-1) Zeatin resulted in 100% shoot regeneration and induced the highest number of shoots (average 15.0 +/- 0.8 shoots per explant) after being cultured for 8 weeks. The above hormone combination was optimum for shoot regeneration. Most of Saintpaulia ionantha plantlets derived from tissue culture system could be hardened and transferred to the greenhouse conditions with 84.0 +/- 1.6% success rate. However, regenerated plantlets of Saintpaulia ionantha (even after 12-months-old) failed to flower. Morphological characters of regenerated plantlets of Saintpaulia ionantha were observed and compared with in vivo (intact) plants. Regenerated plantlets showed some differences in morphological characters, such as height and leaf size, texture and colour, but the plantlets showed no variation in leaf arrangement and leaf margin. However, the morphological characters of the regenerated plantlets were found to be unstable. 相似文献
18.
H. Lozoya-Saldana F. Abelló J. G. de la R. García 《American Journal of Potato Research》1996,73(4):149-154
Potato stems infected with potato virus X (PVX) were exposed to either 5, 10, or 15 miliampers (mA), for 5 or 10 minutes, followed by immediate planting the axillary buds tipin vitro. Temperature increased from 4 to 10 C in the tissues during the exposure to the electricity. After a 60 days growing period, therapy efficiency (TE, TE = % plant regeneration X% virusfree resulting plants) was influenced by the severity of treatment, since organogenesis and virus elimination were both stimulated by the electricity. The highest TE values were obtained at 15 mA for 5 minutes. Under these conditions, 40% to 80% of the buds regenerated, and 60% to 100% of the regenerated plantlets tested virus negative. 相似文献