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1.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of breeder vaccination program and maternal antibody on the efficacy of Newcastle disease immunization of 1-day-old chicks. Experimental protocol was the same for both. In the first experiment, broilers were from breeders that were 32 weeks old, and in the second experiment, broilers were from breeders 50 weeks old. Breeders received three live Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccines and either a killed vaccine at 18 weeks or continual live boosting at 60-to-70-day intervals through lay. Broilers were vaccinated at 1 day of age with a commercial coarse-spray machine; they were bled, sera were examined for antibody against NDV, and broilers were challenged with virulent NDV at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age. In the first experiment, maternal antibody was higher in chicks from the younger breeders given the inactivated vaccine, and in the second experiment maternal antibody was higher in chicks from older breeders given continual live vaccines. Higher antibody in 1-day-old broilers resulted in fewer vaccine-induced reactions, less vaccine virus shed, and decreased duration of vaccine-induced immunity from coarse-spray vaccination. 相似文献
2.
P. A. Abdu S. U. Abdullahi A. A. Adesiyun C. D. Ezeokoli 《Tropical animal health and production》1987,19(1):47-52
Presence and levels of maternal antibody (MA) in broiler chicks derived from hens vaccinated with a live infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine were investigated by a quantitative agar-gel precipitin test. At day old 100% of the chicks tested had MA; by 17 days of age it was present in only 10%. The mean MA level at day old was 337.5 UK units/ml but decreased to 6.3 UK units/ml at 17 days of age. Randomly selected chicks from the pool studied were challenged at weekly intervals from day old for 29 days with an IBD virus obtained from a natural outbreak. Subclinical and clinical disease were observed in chicks challenged at eight and 29 days of age respectively. 相似文献
3.
本试验进行了三批鸡的免疫研究。第一批试验检测不同类型新城疫疫苗在不同母源抗体水平（高和低）的鸡体上的免疫效果。结果显示,在高母源抗体时免疫,Ｖ４组和油乳剂灭活苗级抗体水平表现较低,而在低母源抗体时免疫,几种疫苗的抗体水平上升得很快,特别Ｌａｓｏｔａ－克隆３０组最明显,而油乳剂灭活苗组的抗体水平保持最长。根据此结果而制定了不同的免疫程序,进行了第二、第三批免疫试验,并分别在４５天龄及７０天龄时进行强 相似文献
4.
Development of an attenuated apathogenic reovirus vaccine against viral arthritis/tenosynovitis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A fully attenuated apathogenic reovirus vaccine was developed by 235 serial passages of S1133 strain avian reovirus in embryonating chicken eggs and 100 additional passages in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures, 65 of which were cultured at 32 C. Chickens with and without maternal antibodies to avian reovirus were vaccinated subcutaneously at 1 day of age and challenged via footpad at 14 days of age. It appeared that the 40th, 66th, and 100th CEF passage levels were apathogenic at doses ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(6.8) TCID50/chick. No gross or microscopic lesions of tenosynovitis developed in vaccinated chicks. Vaccinated chicks were protected against challenge; unvaccinated control chickens were not. 相似文献
5.
Groups of 25 chickens free of maternal antibody to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were inoculated with either third or seventh passage REV at either one or seven days of age. Some of the birds inoculated at day 1 with REV were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium either concurrently or six or 13 days later while some of those inoculated with REV at day 7 were inoculated concurrently with S typhimurium. At day old, infection with S typhimurium alone caused the death of 12 of 25 chicks whereas in the dual infection, using the third passage REV, 18 of 25 birds died. Similarly no seven or 14 day old chickens died when challenged with S typhimurium alone, but previous day-old infection with REV caused a respective mortality of eight of 25 and five of 25 birds. With the seventh passage REV a similar pattern was seen. At day old S typhimurium infection alone killed seven of 25 birds whereas combined with virus the mortality was 14 of 25 and while S typhimurium alone killed none of 25 chicks infected at seven days old, the mortality in birds also infected with REV was 14 of 25. Combined virus and bacterial infections did not increase the proportion of feathering defects in birds surviving S typhimurium infections. There was a significantly higher proportion of feathering defects in birds infected with third passage virus compared with seventh passage virus. Although a higher proportion of birds had antibody responses to REV in the seventh than in the third passage group, there was no discernible difference in the effect the different viruses had on chickens' susceptibility to S typhimurium. 相似文献
6.
In Egypt, continuous circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses of clade 2.2.1 in vaccinated commercial poultry challenges strenuous control efforts. Here, vaccine-derived maternal AIV H5 specific immunity in one-day old chicks was investigated as a factor of vaccine failure in long-term blanket vaccination campaigns in broiler chickens. H5 seropositive one-day old chicks were derived from breeders repeatedly immunized with a commercial inactivated vaccine based on the Potsdam/H5N2 strain. When challenged using the antigenically related HPAIV strain Italy/98 (H5N2) clinical protection was achieved until at least 10 days post-hatch although virus replication was not fully suppressed. No protection at all was observed against the Egyptian HPAIV strain EGYvar/H5N1 representing a vaccine escape lineage. Other groups of chicks with maternal immunity were vaccinated once at 3 or 14 days of age using either the Potsdam/H5N2 vaccine or a vaccine based on EGYvar/H5N1. At day 35 of age these chicks were challenged with the Egyptian HPAIV strain EGYcls/H5N1 which co-circulates with EGYvar/H5N1 but does not represent an antigenic drift variant. The Potsdam/H5N2 vaccinated groups were not protected against EGYcls/H5N1 infection while, in contrast, the EGYvar/H5N1 vaccinated chicks withstand challenge with EGYvar/H5N1 infection. In addition, the results showed that maternal antibodies could interfere with the immune response when a homologous vaccine strain was used. 相似文献
7.
Chickens vaccinated with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) early in life and revaccinated with an inactivated, oil-adjuvant IBDV vaccine at 18 weeks of age produced and maintained high levels of virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody through 10 months of lay. VN-antibody titers of chicks hatched from eggs laid during the same period closely matched the average VN-antibody titers of the dams. A sequential study of the decline rates of IBDV maternal antibody (MAB) in unvaccinated and IBDV-vaccinated chicks showed that the vaccine virus did not accelerate the antibody depletion rate in vaccinated chicks. Chicks carrying high IBDV MAB showed no active immune response to vaccination with commercial IBDV vaccines. They were also refractory to a pathogenic field isolate of IBDV (FV). However, chicks with low levels of MAB responded to both vaccine virus and the FV, although their response to vaccine virus was milder and delayed. 相似文献
8.
鸡痘母源抗体对重组鸡痘疫苗免疫效果的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了检测抗鸡痘病毒母源抗体对喉气管炎重组鸡痘疫苗的影响,孵化一批来自禽痘病毒高免母鸡的雏鸡,采用ELISA方法检测鸡痘疫苗免疫鸡后代的血清抗体。检测结果表明,雏鸡自孵出2d开始,血清鸡痘病毒抗体水平就开始缓慢下降,到15日龄时下降至临界值,已有部分鸡开始出现抗体阴性反应;到21日龄时,全部被检血清抗体水平均转为阴性。分别于不同日龄对试验雏鸡免疫接种重组鸡痘疫苗,结果只有当鸡体内的鸡痘病毒母源抗体全部为阴性(21日龄)后免疫时才能产生可靠的保护作用,保护率达到80％以上。这说明鸡痘病毒母源抗体对重组鸡痘疫苗的效果有一定的影响,因此重组疫苗合理的首免时间应选择在3周龄以后。 相似文献
9.
Slow-feathering (SF) white leghorn dams harboring the endogenous viral gene ev21, which encodes for complete endogenous virus-21 (EV21), and rapid-feathering (RF) dams lacking EV21 were immunized with a live field strain of avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup A. One group of SF dams and one group of RF dams were not immunized and were maintained to produce chicks lacking maternal ALV antibody. When the SF dams were crossed with line 15B1 males, the resulting male progeny were SF, EV21-positive, and the females were RF, lacking EV21 or congenitally infected with EV21. EV21-positive and -negative progeny of immunized and unimmunized SF and RF dams were exposed to ALV at hatching. Viremia, antibody development, cloacal shedding, and tumors in chickens lacking EV21 were compared with those in chickens with EV21. Congenital transmission of EV21 from SF dams to RF female chicks was significantly higher in immunized dams than in unimmunized dams. Maternal ALV antibody delayed infection with ALV and reduced viremia and cloacal shedding of virus in progeny. The effect of maternal antibody on ALV infection was much more pronounced in progeny lacking EV21 than in progeny harboring EV21. The data suggest that the development of ALV infection and tumors may be influenced by status of infection with EV21 and by the immune status of dams. 相似文献
10.
W Solano J J Giambrone J C Williams L H Lauerman V S Panangala C Garces 《Avian diseases》1986,30(4):648-652
Maternal antibody titers in white leghorn chicks against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were measured by a computer-assisted, single-serum-dilution, indirect kinetic-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (KELISA) and by a virus-neutralization (VN) test in order to predict the timing of initial vaccination. Day-old white leghorns were from unvaccinated pullets or from pullets vaccinated either four times or twice with IBDV commercial vaccines. The chicks were immunized once via the drinking water with a commercial "intermediate" live IBDV vaccine at 1, 15, or 28 days of age. Effective initial immunization was confirmed by an increase in antibody to IBDV (serologic conversion) that occurred when maternal antibody decreased to 8 and 9 on a log2 scale. This concentration of antibody was detected between 24 and 28 days of age. The computer-assisted IBDV-KELISA increased the sample processing speed for detecting IBDV antibody, and it was as sensitive as the VN test for predicting the timing of initial IBDV vaccination. 相似文献
11.
Embryo vaccination with infectious bursal disease virus alone or in combination with Marek's disease vaccine 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J M Sharma 《Avian diseases》1985,29(4):1155-1169
Studies with specific-pathogen-free chickens revealed that chicks hatching from eggs inoculated at the 18th day of embryonation with infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine viruses of low virulence (isolates TC-IBDV and BVM-IBDV) developed antibody against IBD virus (IBDV) and resisted challenge with virulent IBDV at 3 weeks of age or older. Embryo vaccination did not adversely affect hatchability of chicks or survival of hatched chicks. Chicks embryonally vaccinated with TC-IBDV had transient histologic lesions in the bursa of Fabricius at hatch. Similar but milder lesions were also noted in chickens that received TC-IBDV at hatch. The level of protection following embryo vaccination with TC-IBDV and BVM-IBDV was similar to that following vaccination with the same vaccines at hatch. Vaccine viruses of moderate virulence (isolates BV-IBDV and 2512-IBDV) were not suitable as vaccines in embryos lacking maternal antibody to IBDV, because the vaccinated chicks developed acute IBD after hatch. Isolate 2512-IBDV was not pathogenic for embryos bearing maternal antibody to IBDV. Maternal antibody against IBDV interfered with efficacy of embryo vaccination with BVM-IBDV but not with 2512-IBDV. Embryo vaccination with a mixture of vaccines against IBD and Marek's disease resulted in protection of hatched chicks against challenge with virulent IBDV and Marek's disease virus. 相似文献
12.
Growth rate in broiler birds has increased substantially in the last decade due to improvement in genetics, feed formulation, cleaner environment, and vaccine formulations. As a result, it has become necessary to review and revise prediction method for vaccination in chicks. This study was undertaken to determine the possible use of the rate of weight gain rather than age in predicting vaccination time. Two groups of 1-day-old broilers originating from old and young breeders, respectively, and with different levels of maternal antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) were used in this study. The chicks were divided into four groups and subjected to two feed regiments: groups A1 and B1 were fed broiler feed for normal growth rate, and groups A2 and B2 were fed breeder feed for slower growth rate. At 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 22, 29, and 36 days of age, 22 chicks in each group were weighed, and blood samples were collected. Serum samples were tested for antibodies against IBDV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization test. Maternal antibody decline curves for each group were plotted according to chick age and chick weight. Fast-growing birds in groups A1 and B1 showed a faster rate of antibody decline, whereas slow-growing birds in groups A2 and B2 had a slower rate of antibody decline. Based on the effect of weight gain on maternal antibody decline, a new way of predicting vaccination time for IBDV based on measuring maternal antibody titers at 4 days of age was proposed and tested. The predicted antibody decline was shown to correspond to the real ELISA titers measured in our experiments (R = 0.9889), whereas a lower correlation (R = 0.8355) was detected between real ELISA titers and the titers predicted by the current method using age-based Deventer formula. 相似文献
13.
Maternal antibody to infectious bronchitis virus: its role in protection against infection and development of active immunity to vaccine 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Chicks hatched with high levels of maternal antibody had excellent protection (>95%) against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) challenge at 1 day of age, but not at 7 days (<30%). This protection significantly (P<0.05) correlated with levels of local respiratory antibody and not with serum antibody.A high percentage of both maternal antibody-positive (Mab+) and maternal antibody-negative (Mab-) chicks failed to produce IBV antibody when vaccinated at 1 day of age by the intraocular route. In addition, Mab+ chickens had a weaker virus-neutralizing antibody response to a second IBV vaccination compared to Mab- birds (P<0.05). Mab+ chicks experienced a more rapid decline (P<0.01) in maternal antibody after 1-day-of-age vaccination compared to their unvaccinated counterparts.A monoclonal antibody-based blocking ELISA that measured antibody levels specific to S1 glycoprotein of IBV correlated well with virus-neutralizing antibody titers. 相似文献
14.
After an oronasal (O.N.) infection with classical swine fever (C.S.F.) virus, virus multiplication can be detected in the tonsils from Day 2 post infection (p.i.) till death. The course of viral replication during the first 10 days after O.N. challenge exposure of pigs, previously vaccinated with a Chinese strain vaccine in the presence or absence of maternal antibodies, was studied using direct immunofluorescence techniques on cryostat sections and virus isolations. When piglets were challenged O.N. in the presence of maternal antibodies, virus replication in the tonsils still occurred. The multiplication period and the localization of the virus, however, were directly correlated to the maternal antibody levels. The maternal antibody level also seems responsible for the efficacy of the vaccination to prevent challenge virus replication in the tonsils: vaccination in the presence of low maternal antibody titers completely inhibited virus replication; vaccination in the presence of high maternal antibody titers only reduced the multiplication period of the O.N.-administered virulent virus. In both cases, animals were challenged 1 week post vaccination. Vaccination of seronegative animals resulted in an almost complete inhibition of the virus replication in the tonsils during a full fattening period: cryostat sections revealed a limited virus replication in three out of 20 animals. In one of these animals, virus replication was probably so negligible that virus isolation remained negative. 相似文献
15.
Three groups of chicks were vaccinated by aerosol, intra-ocular and drinking water routes with a live infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccine. At one, two, six, 15 and 32 weeks after vaccination five birds from each group were sampled for testing for IB haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies and challenged. Assessment of susceptibility to infection was measured by recovery of virus from individual tracheas and from kidney and gonad pools four days after challenge. Virus was isolated from all kidney and gonad pools of birds challenged one week after vaccination, the kidney and gonad pools of the drinking water vaccinates at two weeks, the kidney pool of the intra-ocular group at 15 weeks and all organ pools except the gonads of the intra-ocular group at 32 weeks. Tracheal resistance was found in most of the birds challenged one week after vaccination and in all the birds tested at two weeks but had begun to wane by six weeks after vaccination. No correlation was found between low HI antibody titres of individual birds and their susceptibility to challenge measured by reisolation of virus from the traches, but birds with titres over log2 6 were always resistant. 相似文献
16.
Fertile eggs were obtained from three different broiler breeder flocks with different levels of virus neutralizing antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus. Egg yolk from these flocks was tested for antibody titers by the virus neutralization test. Flock I eggs had no antibodies, flock II had medium level antibodies (1:200-1600; geometric mean = 1:975), and flock III had a high level of antibodies (1:1600-6400; geometric mean = 1:3365). Chicks from the above flocks were challenged each with 10(2) 50% embryo infective dose of the IN serotype 1 variant virus at 1, 2, and 4 wk of age and examined at 5 and 11 days postchallenge. The average organ/body weight ratios were calculated and statistically analyzed. Chicks with no maternal antibodies were not protected at any age. Chicks with medium levels of maternal antibodies were protected when challenged at 1 and 2 wk of age. Chicks with high levels of maternally derived antibodies were protected when challenged at all the ages tested. The above results were statistically significant (P < 0.05). 相似文献
17.
鸡贫血病-法氏囊病联合免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量及免疫球蛋白含量变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用免疫SRA菌体花环法和间接ELISE法对鸡传染性贫血病 (CIA) -传染性法氏囊病 (IBD)联合免疫母鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA含量变化进行了动态研究。结果发现 ,CM -IBD联合免疫母鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液T细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡 ,表明CIA-IBD联合免疫母鸡后 ,其子代雏鸡外周血液体液免疫和细胞免疫功能明显增强。而CIAV、IBDY强毒攻击后 ,未免疫的子代雏鸡 ,其外周血液的上述指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡 ,表明未免疫的子代雏鸡外周血液的免疫机能降低 ,这与未免疫雏鸡缺乏特异性抗体 ,强毒攻击后 ,雏鸡免疫器官组织广泛损害 ,淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关 相似文献
18.
母源抗体对同源及异源禽网状内皮增生病病毒感染诱发免疫抑制的预防作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蛋用型海兰褐母鸡在用网状内皮增生病病毒（REV）细胞适应毒REV-C99（p30）免疫接种后,均在2周内产生REV特异性抗体。来自免疫种鸡的雏鸡在7日龄内100%（10/10）REV母源抗体阳性。分别在有母源抗体和没有母源抗体的1日龄鸡接种与疫苗株同源的低传代毒REV-C99（p3）或异源的REV中国野毒株HA9901（p5）,以此比较母源抗体对同源和异源REV病毒感染造成的免疫抑制的预防作用。结果表明,REV母源抗体能同等有效地预防同源和异源REV感染造成的对H5和H9禽流感灭活疫苗HI抗体反应的抑制作用。 相似文献
19.
One-day-old White Leghorn and broiler chicks with maternal antibody to turkey herpesvirus (HVT) were vaccinated with 300 or 1,000 plaque-forming units (PFU) of cell-free or cell-associated HVT vaccine and challenged with virulent Marek's disease virus (MDV) by contact exposure. Broiler chicks receiving 300 PFU of cell-associated HVT had a 3.3% incidence of MD lesions, whereas only 2.0% of those receiving 1,000 PFU had macroscopic lesions. Broiler chicks vaccinated with 300 PFU of cell-free vaccine had 6.8% gross lesions, and 0.67% of the birds receiving 1,000 PFU had MD lesions. Unvaccinated broiler chickens had a 28.3% incidence of MD lesions. Unvaccinated White Leghorn chickens had a 48.9% incidence of macroscopic lesions, whereas 5.4% of the birds receiving 300 PFU of cell-associated HVT had gross lesions, and 8.3% of the birds vaccinated with 1,000 PFU had lesions. In contrast, 6.7% of the chicks vaccinated with 300 PFU of cell-free HVT had MD lesions, and only 4.0% of those receiving 1,000 PFU of cell-free HVT had macroscopic lesions. 相似文献
20.
The day old broiler chickens possessing IBD precipitating maternal antibody when exposed either to IBD contaminated environment or challenged intrabursally with virulent virus at weekly intervals indicated 100% susceptibility around 4–5 weeks of age. However, chickens lacking maternal antibody upon intrabursal challenge were found susceptible by 2 weeks of age. 相似文献