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1.
E. Caroline Constabel Thomas E. Michaels Paul H. Goodwin Jorge E. Mayer Marclal A. Pastor Corrales 《Euphytica》1996,90(2):129-135
Summary Breeding of Phaseolus vulgaris L. for resistance to common bacterial blight (CBB) can be done with visual evaluations of symptoms to distinguish broad resistance classes, but a more quantitative measure was needed for genetic studies of resistance. A novel method of evaluation was developed by quantifying Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (XCP) in bean leaf tissue infected with CBB using a 32P-labeled probe and densitometric analysis of hybridization signals. Quantification of bacterial populations using the probe was highly correlated (r=0.98) with the number of colony forming units (CFU) from plate counts of the same leaf samples. The probe was used to follow XCP population dynamics on susceptible (BAT 41) and resistant (OAC 88-1) bean genotypes. OAC 88-1 supported a maximum XCP population which was approximately tenfold less than BAT 41. The probe was also used to study an F2/F3 population segregating for resistance. Narrow sense heritability estimates were less for resistance measured on the basis of bacterial populations (0.18–0.26) than on visual scores of symptoms (0.29–0.38). The anticipated response to selection for CBB resistance would be less based on bacterial numbers than based on symptom expression in this population. In breeding for resistance to CBB, selection based on visual symptoms combined with measurements of XCP populations using a DNA probe can be used to develop bean genotypes that are both resistant to symptom development and bacterial multiplication.Abbreviations CBB
common bacterial blight
- CFU
colony forming units
- XCP
Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli 相似文献
2.
Summary Although common blight disease is serious in many dry bean production areas, there is only limited information on the influence of photoperiod on the disease. Experiments were conducted in growth chambers and in the field (Nebraska, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico) to investigate the influence of photoperiod × temperature and photoperiod, respectively, on the reaction of cultivars/lines to the causal bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli. A split-plot design was used in all experiments except in the DR experiment where cultivars/lines were replicated within each photoperiod treatment. The disease reactions were more severe on cultivars/lines under short photoperiod and under higher temperature than under longer photoperiod and lower temperature in the growth chamber. Disease reactions were also more severe under the short photoperiod in the field experiments. No interactions were detected among these factors. These results have important implications for plant breeders in the evaluation of common blight disease reactions in different latitudes. 相似文献
3.
Summary Common blight disease in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, reduces crop yield and seed quality. Information is needed on the variation of leaves and pods disease reaction to strains of the bacterium after different inoculation methods. Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars Red Kidney Charlevoix, GN Harris, GN 1140, and GN Emerson were inoculated with three different strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli at two inoculum concentrations (108 and 106 bacterial cells/ml) using water soaking, multiple needle, and razor blade inoculation on leaves, and razor blade scratch, dissecting needle, and razor blade cut inoculation on pods. Differential cultivar disease reactions of leaves, pods, or both to the bacterial strains were observed in some cases. Significant interactions among cultivars, inoculation methods, strains, and inoculum concentrations (leaves) were found. A rapid leaf chlorosis developed 6 to 7 days after inoculation. Strains of bacteria did not show specificity in inducing this reaction, but rapid leaf chlorosis was associated with high inoculum concentration and with the water soaking and multiple needle methods. Another experiment was conducted to count the number of living bacterial cells deposited in the leaf tissue after inoculation by different methods. The number of bacteria deposited by water soaking or multiple needle was higher than that deposited by razor blade.Published as Paper No. 8584, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted under Project No. 20–36. 相似文献
4.
Summary Lesion length, leaf length, and leaf width were measured on infected leaves two weeks after clip inoculation of 64 rice cultivars with two virulent isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae (X.c. pv. oryzae). No significant correlation was found between the lesion length and the leaf dimensions, indicating that physical leaf size does not affect the spread of the bacteria once these have entered the leaf. Lesion length is therefore an acceptable parameter for assessing resistance to (X.c. pv. oryzae), and is to be preferred above the parameter percentage diseased leaf area (% DLA), especially when small differences between genotypes are to be assessed. The confounding influence of differences in leaf length can cause large changes in the ranking order of cultivars when assessed by the % DLA. For this reason lesion length is a better assessor of the value of a quantitative resistance for breeding and research purposes than % DLA. 相似文献
5.
Summary The F1, F2 and F3 from two crosses within Phaseolus acutifolius were exposed to Xanthomonas campestris pv phaseoli to analyse the inheritance of resistance. The resistant parent, PI 319.443, gave a hypersensitive reaction in leaves and pods with small necrotic lesions. Based on the resistance of F1, the segregation in F2 and the reaction of F3 plants and lines, it is concluded that resistance in leaves and pods is governed by one dominant gene. Comparisons are made with the resistance to X. campetris in P. vulgaris. 相似文献
6.
Summary Soybean germplasm was screened for resistance to bacterial pustule disease. The etiological agent, Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, was isolated from the leaves of field grown soybean in Maharashtra, India. The screening of soybean stocks was carried out by excised leaf inoculation method. A differential susceptibility to the pathogen was observed in the tested stocks. Two stocks P-4-2 and P-169-3 were found to be completely resistant to the pathogen and displayed an incompatible reaction. Four cultivars, EC-34160, Bragg, Kalitur and PK-472 displayed moderate resistance and the remaining stocks were susceptible to the attack of the pathogen. The stocks P-4-2 and P-169-3 remained resistant even to a high concentration of 109 colony forming units (cfu)/ml of the pathogen. 相似文献
7.
The genetic base of cultivars within market classes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is narrow. Moreover, small- and medium-seeded Middle American cultivars often possess higher yield and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses than their large-seeded Andean counterparts. Thus, for broadening the genetic base and breeding for higher yielding multiple stress resistant Andean cultivars use of inter-gene pool populations is essential. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of introgressing resistance to Been common mosaic virus (BCMV, a potyvirus), and the common [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp) and X. campestris pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (Xcpf)] and halo [caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp)] bacterial blights from the Middle American to Andean bean, using gamete selection. Also, we investigated the relative importance of the use of a landrace cultivar versus elite breeding line as the last parent making maximum genetic contribution in multiple-parent inter-gene pool crosses for breeding for resistance to diseases. Two multiple-parent crosses, namely ZARA I = Wilkinson 2 /// ‘ICA Tundama’ / ‘Edmund’ // VAX 3 / PVA 773 and ZARA II = ‘Moradillo’ /// ICA Tundama / Edmund // VAX 3 / PVA 773 were made. From the F1 to F5 single plant selection was practiced for resistance to the common and halo bacterial blights in both populations at Valladolid, Spain. The parents and F5-derived F6 breeding lines were evaluated separately for BCMV, and common and halo bacterial blights in the greenhouse at Filer and Kimberly, Idaho in 2001. They were also evaluated for the two bacterial blights, growth habit, seed color and 100-seed weight at Valladolid in 2002. All 20 F1 plants of ZARA I were resistant or intermediate to common and halo bacterial blights in the greenhouse, but their F2 and subsequent families segregated for both bacterial blights. Segregation for resistant, intermediate, and susceptible plants for common bacterial blight occurred in the F1 of ZARA II. Simple correlation coefficient for common bacterial blight between the F1 and F1-derived F2 families was positive (r = 0.54 P < 0.05) for ZARA II. From the F2 to F5 the number of families resistant to both bacterial blights decreased in both populations. Only four of 20 F1 plants in ZARA I resulted in seven F6 breeding lines, and only one of 32 F1 plants in ZARA II resulted in one F6 breeding line resistant to the three diseases. None of the selected breeding lines had seed size as large as the largest Andean parent. The use of elite breeding line or cultivar as the last parent making maximum genetic contribution to the multiple-parent inter-gene pool crosses, relatively large population size in the F1, and simultaneous selection for plant type, seed traits as well as resistance to diseases would be crucial for introgression and pyramiding of favorable alleles and quantitative trait loci (QTL) of interest between the Andean and Middle American beans. 相似文献
8.
Summary Three triticale lines, Siskiyou, M2A-Beagle, and OK 77842 have been reported to possess resistance to bacterial leaf streak caused by Xanthomonas campestris, pv. translucens (Xct.). The three resistant lines were crossed to susceptible lines and crossed with each other. F2, BC1-F1, BC2-F1 plants were inoculated with a mixture of two Xct strains. The segregation data indicate the presence of a single dominant gene in each of the three resistant lines to bacterial leaf streak. These three genes are either the same or closely linked herein designated as Xct1. 相似文献
9.
Summary Inheritance of resistance to the Punjab isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae of bacterial blight disease of rice was studied in seven breeding lines resistant to the disease. The results revealed that resistance in breeding lines PAU 122-73-1-4-1, PAU 164-102-1-2-1-1-1, KJT 24, IR 5657-33-2-1-2 and IR 22082-41-2-2 was controlled by single dominant genes allelic to the dominant gene which confers resistance to the Punjab isolate in Patong 32. Resistance to the Punjab isolate in breeding lines IET 7172 and RP 2151-40-1 was found to be controlled by single recessive resistance genes allelic to one of the recessive resistance genes present in BJ 1. The two genes are independently inherited and are being used to develop bacterial blight resistant varieties. 相似文献
10.
Twenty-two improved and local cassava genotypes were evaluated for their bacterial blight symptom types in reaction to infection
by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis under field conditions in the forest, forest savanna transition and wet savanna zones of Togo. High genotype × environment
interactions in development of each symptom type were observed. Combining data on environments and genotypes, spot, blight
and wilt symptoms were positively correlated. Analysing genotype reactions across environments, indications for independent
mechanisms of resistance on leaf and stem level, varying by genotype, were found. Genotypes Main27 with resistance to spot
and blight symptoms and TMS4(2)1425 with resistance to wilt symptoms are recommended to breeders to introgress their resistance
characteristics. Significant negative correlations were generally observed between blight and wilt symptom development and
root yield across ecozones, with blight being more important under lower, and wilt under higher inoculum pressure. Genotypes
TMS30572, CVTM4, TMS92/0429 and TMS91/02316 showed low spot, blight and wilt symptoms combined with high root yield across
ecozones. 相似文献
11.
Summary Black rot disease caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is a limiting factor in the commercial production of the cauliflower crop. Crosses were attempted between SN 445, a mid season cultivar resistant to black rot and two highly susceptible commercial cultivars (Pusa Snowball-1 and K-1). Studies of the F1's, F2's and back crosses indicated that SN 445, carries a dominant gene imparting resistance to black rot. 相似文献
12.
Summary A comparative test of six inoculation methods was conducted using 2 halo blight race 2 virulent strains, Nebr. HB 16 and HB 21 (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola), on five dry bean cultivars/lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of known resistance and susceptibility. The water-soaking of leaves method caused the most severe reaction among the leaf inoculation methods, followed by the carborundum, spraying and multiple needle methods, respectively. The seed soaking method was considered too severe to be useful, since entries identified as resistant by the other methods, were susceptible with the former method. Great Northern Nebraska # 1 sel. 27 and PI 150414 had the highest level of leaf resistance, but the former developed systemic chlorosis with the stem stabbing method, but not the latter line. No systemic chlorosis was seen in either line with the other methods of inoculation. This suggests that there may be a different genetic mechanism conferring resistance/susceptibility to the toxin in these two lines when the stabbing method is used. No interaction occurred between method by genotype and isolate by method but significant interactions occurred between genotype by isolate and method by isolate by genotype. The leaf and pod reaction of forty cultivars/lines to the new halo blight Nebr. Charlevoix strain was also determined. Different combinations of degrees of resistance and susceptibility of leaves and pods were observed. GN Tara, GN Harris, and PI 150414 had the highest combination of leaf and pod resistance.Published as paper No. 7094, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Research was conducted under Project No. 20-036. 相似文献
13.
Summary Cabbage hybrid seeds are commercially produced by means of self-incompatibility. This system may show some instability mainly under tropical conditions, where cytoplasmic male sterility can be an alternative approach for hybrid seeds production. However, cabbage hybrids holding Ogura male-sterile cytoplasm show some irregularities during development. By assessing some characteristics during the growing cycle of male-sterile cabbage hybrids and comparing them to genomic similar male-fertile ones and to the most common cabbage hybrid cultivated in Brazil, it was observed that the male-sterile hybrids had the same vigour, uniformity, number of leaves, resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, and earliness as their male-fertile counterparts and performed better than the commercial check hybrid for some of these characteristics. Although male-sterile hybrids showed yellowing of leaves, some parental combinations succeeded in overcoming or strongly reducing this cytoplasmic effect.Abbreviations dat
days after transplanting
- CMS
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
- CNPH
National Centre for Vegetable Crops Research 相似文献
14.
Summary The inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf streak or black chaff of wheat was studied under field conditions, with an artificial epidemic of Xanthomonas campestris pv. undulosa. A complete series of crosses between five parents, differing in reaction to X. c. pv. undulosa, was generated. Disease was recorded at two different stages of growth. No evidence of cytoplasmic effect was found from the comparison between reciprocal F1 crosses. The study of the F3 generations attested that five genes were involved in resistance to bacterial leaf streak. Separate analyses carried out for the two scoring dates were mutually consistent: genotypes, number of genes, and their action and relative importance were verified. The genes differed in strength of expression of resistance. One of the two strongest genes, Bls1, is present in all three superior parents, Pavon 76, Mochis T88 and Angostura F88. Resistance was not complete, and proved to be stable over the season. 相似文献
15.
Summary Seven bean lines (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with differential resistance or susceptibility to race 2 of halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola) and a necrosis-inducing isolate of bean common mosaic virus were inoculated with one or both pathogens in combination, to determine the feasibility of dual screening to identify resistance to both pathogens simultaneously. Dual screening yielded the same results as separate screenings. Neither pathogen affected the disease expression of the other. Simultaneously screening for resistance to both pathogens will shorten the recurrent screening-selection cycle of hybridization programs, and accelerate development of resistant cultivars.Abbreviations BCMV
Bean Common Mosaic Virus
- cvs
Cultivars
- HB
Halo blight
- Inoc. Pt.
Inoculation point
- NLL
Necrotic local lesion
- React
Reaction
- SVN
Spreading veinal necrosis, System chloro-Systemic chlorosis
- VN
Vascular necrosis 相似文献
16.
Summary Twenty three accessions of nine Portuguese cabbage and kale land races from different geographic origins were tested at the seedling stage for resistance to several important brassica diseases. Resistance to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), expressed as necrosis of the cotyledon mesophyll, was found in all the accessions. Type A resistance to cabbage yellows (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans race 1) was present in most of the landraces. Resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae race 6) was found in one accession of the Portuguese tree kale. High resistance to blackleg (Leptosphaeria maculans) and white rust (Albuco candida) was not detected, although several accessions showed 20 to 30% of plants with intermediate expression of resistance. All Portuguese cole accessions were susceptible to blackrot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris). 相似文献
17.
Summary Lesion size and lesion number were measured on cultivars of rice inoculated by clipping or spraying with virulent isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Mean percentage diseased leaf area (%DLA) gave a similar ranking for the two inoculation methods but differences in lesion size among cultivars were much more evident after clip than after spray inoculation. Correlation between the methods was high (r=0.82**), but some cultivars responded differently with the two techniques. Cultivars which had low scores following spray inoculation showed low disease progress during the first nine weeks after transplanting into a screen-house experiment. Assessment after clip inoculation measures resistance due to spread of bacteria within the leaf xylem system, an important component of quantitative resistance. Assessment after spray inoculation measures all resistance, including resistance to entrance of bacteria into the leaf. In order to select rice entries with improved quantitative resistance to X. c. oryzae based on both components, a screening based on lesion length after clip inoculation, followed by a test for lesion number after spray inoculation, is advised. 相似文献
18.
C. Fortes Ferreira M. Gonzaga Pereira A. da Silva dos Santos R. Rodrigues R.E. Bressan-Smith A. PioViana R. Figueiredo Daher 《Euphytica》2003,134(1):43-46
Among the main causes of poor yield in common beans are fungal, viral and bacterial diseases. Common bacterial blight, caused
by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), is one of the major bacterial diseases leading to significant losses in Brazil. Chemical control is ineffective, therefore,
the use of resistant varieties becomes an interesting alternative. The objective of the present work was to evaluate disease
resistance under natural infection of the pathogen in 109 recombinant inbred lines (F7) of P. vulgaris originated from the cross HAB-52 (susceptible — snapbean) × BAC-6 (resistant — common bean) in two different environments,
as well as to calculate genetic parameters to assist in the selection of promising materials to be used in the CBB resistance
breeding program. The data of the genetic parameters were
compared to those calculated for the F3 generation originated from the same cross. The heritability results for DI (disease index) and VI (variation index) in F3 were 26.85% and 0.26, respectively, whereas in F7 they were 91.77% and 1.36, respectively. These results demonstrate a potential to be explored for this advanced population,
that in the future, along with other pathogen variability studies and tests in other environments, may provide more information
regarding a more precise evaluation of promising genotypes to be used in common bean breeding programs aiming to obtain CBB
resistant varieties.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli reduces common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) yield and quality worldwide. Genetic resistance provides effective disease control; however. a high level of resistance is difficult to attain and does not exist in pinto bean, the most important dry bean market class in North America. Our objective was to determine if a backcross breeding approach with the aid of molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to CBB in a donor parent could be used to attain higher levels of resistance to CBB in pinto bean. QTL conditioning CBB resistance from the donor parent XAN 159 were introgressed into the recurrent parent‘Chase’using classical backcross breeding and intermittent marker‐assisted selection.‘Chase’pinto bean is moderately resistant and the breeding line XAN 159 is highly resistant to Xanthomonas campestris. Marker assays confirmed the presence of independent QTL from GN no. 1 Sel 27 and XAN 159 in advanced backcross‐derived pinto bean lines with improved CBB resistance. Agronomic characteristics of‘Chase’were fully recovered in the backcross‐derived lines. An important QTL for CBB resistance from XAN 159 on linkage group B6 was not introgressed because tight linkage between this QTL and the dominant V allele that causes an unacceptable black‐mottled seed coat colour pattern in pinto bean could not be broken. 相似文献
20.
Summary Phenotypic stability of bacterial leaf spot resistance in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) regenerants, either selected at the cellular level for insensitivity to a toxic culture filtrate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni or screened at the whole plant level for resistance to X. campestris pv. pruni, was investigated. A detached-leaf bioassay was used to evaluate the original regenerants again after three years in the greenhouse and also after a two to three year cycle of tissue culture propagation. Peach trees derived through micropropagation from the original regenerants were also evaluated after one to three years growth in the field. Although leaf spot resistance was retained in some regenerants over time in the greenhouse, following in vitro propagation, and under field conditions, resistance was either lost or not expressed in others. Regenerants # 19-1 and #156-6, derived from embryo callus of bacterial spot susceptible Sunhigh, were significantly more resistant than Sunhigh. High levels of resistance were exhibited in greenhouse plants and field-grown trees of regenerant #122-1, derived from embryo callus of moderately resistant Redhaven. This research provides additional evidence that selecting or screening for somaclonal variants with disease resistance is a feasible approach to obtaining peach trees with increased levels of bacterial spot resistance.Abbreviations TC
Tissue-Cultured
- TF
Toxic culture Filtrate 相似文献