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1.
It has recently been reported that dogs affected by canine heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) can show an increase in plasma levels of myoglobin and cardiac troponin I, two markers of muscle/myocardial injury. In order to determine if this increase is due to myocardial damage, the right ventricle of 24 naturally infected dogs was examined by routine histology and immunohistochemistry with anti-myoglobin and anti-cardiac troponin I antibodies. Microscopic lesions included necrosis and myocyte vacuolization, and were associated with loss of staining for one or both proteins. Results confirm that increased levels of myoglobin and cardiac troponin I are indicative of myocardial damage in dogs affected by heartworm disease.  相似文献   

2.
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) have a high sequence homology across phyla and are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Cardiac Reader, a human point-of-care system for the determination of cTnT and myoglobin, and the Abbott Axsym System for the determination of cTnI and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) in healthy dogs and in dogs at risk for acute myocardial damage because of gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) and blunt chest trauma (BCT). In healthy dogs (n = 56), cTnI was below detection limits (<0.1 microg/L) in 35 of 56 dogs (reference range 0-0.7 microg/L), and cTnT was not measurable (<0.05 ng/mL) in all but 1 dog. At presentation, cTnI, CK-MB, myoglobin, and lactic acid were all significantly higher in dogs with GDV (n = 28) and BCT (n = 8) than in control dogs (P < .001), but cTnT was significantly higher only in dogs with BCT (P = .033). Increased cTnI or cTnT values were found in 26 of 28 (highest values 1.1-369 microg/L) and 16 of 28 dogs (0.1-1.7 ng/mL) with GDV, and in 6 of 8 (2.3-82.4 microg/L) and 3 of 8 dogs (0.1-0.29 ng/mL) with BCT, respectively. In dogs suffering from GDV, cTnI and cTnT increased further within the first 48 hours (P < .001). Increased cardiac troponins suggestive of myocardial damage occurred in 93% of dogs with GDV and 75% with BCT. cTnI appeared more sensitive, but cTnT may be a negative prognostic indicator in GDV. Both systems tested seemed applicable for the measurement of canine cardiac troponins, with the Cardiac Reader particularly suitable for use in emergency settings.  相似文献   

3.
Pericardial effusion (PE) is reported in dogs as a consequence of neoplasia, primary cardiac disease or as an idiopathic condition. We describe seven dogs with systemic inflammatory disease, PE without tamponade and increased cardiac troponin I concentrations. Echocardiographic findings and adjunctive testing did not identify other known causes of PE. Resolution of the PE was documented in five of seven dogs in which follow-up echocardiography was performed, often after anti-inflammatory therapy. Resolution of PE was associated with normalisation of cardiac troponin I levels. Clinical signs had not recurred in six dogs with follow-up for more than 12 months and up to 7 years. These findings suggest an association between systemic inflammation and PE in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
We explored the involvement of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the pathophysiology of dog dirofilariasis (heartworm disease caused by Dirofilaria immitis) by analyzing mRNA levels of preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1), the precursor form of ET-1, in cardiopulmonary organs as well as ET-1 peptide levels in plasma. To determine the cDNA sequence and primary protein structure of dog PPET-1, we performed molecular cloning of the full-length cDNA. Based on the determined sequence information, comparative expression analysis of PPET-1 mRNA was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction on cardiopulmonary organs from healthy (n=5) and filarial (n=5) dogs. Filarial dogs showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher mRNA expression level in the heart (about one hundred times) and lung (about ten times) than healthy dogs. Analysis of plasma ET-1 levels in healthy (n=10) and filarial (n=10) dogs showed that filarial dogs (6.9+/-2.7 pg/ml) have significantly (p<0.01) increased plasma ET-1 levels compared with healthy dogs (1.4+/-0.3 pg/ml). To assess the pathophysiological significance of ET-1 in dirofilariasis relative to other cardiopulmonary disorders, plasma ET-1 levels determined in dogs diagnosed with mitral regurgitation (n=10), tricuspid regurgitation (n=5), ventricular septal defect (n=5), and patent ductus arteriosus (n=5) were compared to plasma ET-1 levels in filarial dogs. Filarial dogs, which commonly develop serious pulmonary hypertension, exhibited by far the highest ET-1 levels of the disease states examined. Based on the fact that ET-1 is a potent bioactive mediator that induces vasoconstriction and promotes vascular remodeling, these findings suggest that ET-1 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of dog dirofilariasis as an aggravating factor by inducing pulmonary hypertension.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if dogs and cats with renal failure, or other severe non-cardiac disease, and no antemortem evidence of cardiac disease on basic clinical evaluation, have elevated levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using 56 dogs and 14 cats with primary non-cardiac disease (39 dogs with azotaemic renal failure, 14 cats with azotaemic renal failure, 17 dogs with non-cardiac systemic disease); 7/25 dogs and 6/14 cats had murmurs detected on physical examination. Serum or heparinised plasma was collected and analysed for cTnI. RESULTS: Cardiac troponin I concentrations were elevated above reference intervals in 70% of dogs and 70% of cats with azotaemic renal failure and in 70% of dogs with a variety of systemic non-cardiac diseases. Cardiac troponin I concentrations did not correlate with the degree of azotaemia, presence of murmurs, hypertension or type of non-cardiac illness. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac troponin I concentration is often elevated in dogs and cats with azotaemic renal failure and in dogs with other systemic non-cardiac illness, suggesting that these conditions often result in clinically inapparent myocardial injury or possibly altered elimination of cTnI.  相似文献   

6.
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of transportation on the serum concentrations of the cardiac biomarkers troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and on cortisol and lactate in horses. For this purpose, 10 horses were transported for 300 km. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before transport (T0), just before transport (T1), during transport at 50 km (T2), 100 km (T3), 200 km (T4), and 300 km (T5). An additional blood sample (T6) was collected 24 hours after transport. The median resting basal cTnI values in the horses were at T0, 0.000 ± 0.007 ng/mL and at T1, 0.01 ± 0.007 ng/mL. The median resting basal CK-MB values in the horses were at T0, 0.19 ± 0.05 ng/mL and at T1, 0.16 ± 0.05 ng/mL. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences of cTnI and CK-MB among the measured values (T0–T6). On the other side, the cortisol and lactate concentrations increased significantly (P < .01) at T2, T3, T3, and T4 compared with the resting values at T0. At T6, cortisol and lactate concentrations had returned to pretransport values, with no statistically significant differences compared with pretransport concentrations. In conclusion, the 300-km transportation of the horses did not influence the levels of the cardiac biomarkers, cTnI and CK-MB. The serum concentrations of cortisol and lactate, on the other side, increased significantly. The possible influence of transportation for longer distances or under more stressful conditions (higher temperature or in horses not used for transportation) on cTnI and CK-MB concentrations needs to be further investigated.  相似文献   

7.
BACKGROUND: Variations in the results of plasma chemistry analysis as a function of sex have rarely been demonstrated in avian species. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate sex-related differences in values for routine biochemical variables, including conventional muscle enzymes, and novel cardiac markers in female and male Siamese fighting fowl. METHODS: Plasma chemistry analytes and cardiac marker proteins (creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin T) were measured in 70 Siamese fighting fowl using automated chemistry and immunoassay analyzers. Data were compared by 2-tailed t tests between sexes, and Spearman rank correlation between conventional and novel cardiac markers. RESULTS: Male fowl had significantly higher uric acid concentration and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity; whereas, female fowl had significantly higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and calcium concentrations, and alkaline phosphatase activity. As compared with female fowl, the fighting cocks also had significantly higher plasma concentrations of creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin T. Significant correlations between cardiac troponin T, but not creatine kinase-MB, and the activities of conventional muscle enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase) were observed in male but not in female fowl. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that sex-specific differences exist for several biochemical parameters and cardiac marker proteins in fighting fowl, and that such differences should be considered in interpreting laboratory test results.  相似文献   

8.
Direct Coombs' antiglobulin tests were performed on 80 dogs with patent Dirofilaria immitis infection and 170 dogs negative for microfilaria of D. immitis. Presence or absence of anemia was determined by hematocrit in 55 of the heartworm negative dogs and 68 of the dogs with heartworm disease. Heartworm infected dogs showed a higher incidence (37%) of anemia than noninfected dogs (14.5%). Anemia was most prevalent in two groups of dogs with heartworm infection, one group showing vena caval syndrome (91%) and the other occult dirofilariasis (62.5%). These latter two groups of dogs also showed a significantly higher number of positive Coombs' reactions at 37 degrees C than other dogs with heartworm disease and the noninfected dogs. The number of positive Coombs' reactions at 4 degrees C among the total of 80 dogs with heartworm infection was significantly higher than that for dogs without heartworm disease. However, there was no positive correlation between anemia and the outcome of the Coombs' test at either temperature. These findings do not suggest that immunologic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of anemia in dogs with heartworm disease.  相似文献   

9.
The cardiac biomarkers cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) and the cardiac isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CKMB) are used extensively in human medicine to diagnose and provide valuable prognostic information in patients with ischemic, traumatic, and septic myocardial injury. We designed a study to establish normal values for these markers in healthy, neonatal foals and to compare them with values obtained from septic neonates in a referral hospital population. The 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles for cTnI and CKMB in the healthy-foal population were 0.08, 0.14, 0.25, 0.49 ng/mL and 1.4, 2.3, 4.0, 7.4 ng/mL, respectively. The values obtained for cTnT were frequently (43/52 foals; 83%) below the lower limit of detection of the assay (0.009 ng/mL), but the median and range were 0.009 and 0.009-0.041 ng/mL, respectively. In the septic foal population, the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentile values for cTnI and CKMB were 0.05, 0.12, 0.22, and 1.10 ng/mL and 2.0, 4.4, 7.8, and 24 ng/mL, respectively. The values obtained for cTnT were less frequently below the lower limit of detection (23/38 foals; 60%) compared with the healthy foal population, and the median and range were 0.009 and 0.009-0.20 ng/mL, respectively. Significantly higher values were observed for cTnT and CKMB in septic foals compared with the healthy neonatal foal population, but there were no differences among septic foals in survivors compared with nonsurvivors. These findings suggest that myocardial injury occurs during septicemia in neonatal foals but that the injury is not associated with survival among septic foals.  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathologic findings and outcome predictors in dogs with Leptospira interrogans Australis serogroup infections. ANIMALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 159 dogs that had a leptospiral microscopic agglutination test (MAT) performed between 2001 and 2004 were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty dogs met serologic criteria for either symptomatic (16 dogs) or asymptomatic (4 dogs) infection caused by Leptospira interrogans Australis serogroup. Seven of 16 symptomatic dogs died or were euthanized and 9/16 recovered. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was observed in 9/16 dogs. The presence of SIRS did not affect prognosis (P = .357). C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin (Hpt) concentrations were altered in all symptomatic dogs, but results did not differ significantly between survivors and nonsurvivors (P = .08 and P = .055, respectively). Conversely, the CRP to Hpt ratio (CRP/Hpt) was significantly increased in nonsurvivors. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was diagnosed in 7/16 dogs. DIC did not significantly affect outcome (P = .126). Multiple organ involvement was present with renal failure in 16/16, liver damage in 12/16, cardiac damage in 11/16, and muscular damage in 8/16 dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Among the evaluated clinicopathologic biomarkers, serum albumin, cardiac troponin I, CRP/Hpt, urinary albumin, and urinary total protein to creatinine ratio were found to predict outcome and warrant evaluation in larger prospective studies.  相似文献   

11.
This study compared the sensitivity of ECG and cardiac troponins to predict cardiac histopathological changes, clinical severity, and survival in canine babesiosis. One control group (n = 9) and 4 groups of dogs with mild uncomplicated babesiosis (n = 8), severe uncomplicated babesiosis (n = 9), complicated babesiosis (n = 8), and babesiosis and concurrent immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) (n = 9) were studied. A 1-minute lead II ECG was recorded, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT) concentrations in plasma were measured. cTnI concentrations were significantly higher in the complicated (mean, 9.9; SE, +/-5.76) and concurrent IMHA (mean, 6.53; SE, +/-4.32) groups and in the 3 dogs that died of the disease (mean, 22.17; SE, +/-12.85) than in the control dogs (concentration below detection limit of test, -0.3 ng/mL). The 3 nonsurvivors had the most severe cardiac histopathological changes, but no arrhythmia and minimal other ECG changes. Dogs with babesiosis developed a variety of ECG abnormalities, but the abnormalities were not associated with disease severity, outcome, or plasma cardiac troponin concentrations. The exception was the presence of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), which were associated with high cardiac troponin concentrations. This study showed an association between cTnI concentration and histological changes, clinical severity, and survival and no correlation between ECG abnormalities and histological changes or biochemical evidence of myocardial damage as reflected by cTnI concentrations. From this study, it was concluded that the analysis of plasma cTnI is a feasible and sensitive test and is superior to cTnT in diagnosing cardiac involvement in dogs with babesiosis.  相似文献   

12.
Systemic arterial dirofilariasis is an unusual manifestation of heartworm disease of dogs that results from aberrant migration of Dirofilaria immitis into the peripheral arterial circulation. To expand the clinical characterization of systemic arterial dirofilariasis, 5 dogs evaluated at the North Carolina State University's College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed. Common clinical presentations included hindlimb lameness, paresthesia of hindlimbs, and interdigital ischemic necrosis resulting from thromboembolic disease. Visualization of heartworms with angiography or ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis in all cases. All 5 dogs were treated with an adulticide; 3 dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide sodium and 2 with melarsomine dihydrochloride. Four of the 5 dogs survived the initial treatment period; 1 dog died of severe thromboembolic complications after thiacetarsamide sodium therapy. The treatment of systemic arterial dirofilariasis creates a therapeutic challenge because of multiple potential complications resulting from thromboembolic disease.  相似文献   

13.
A total of 174 dogs from an area hyperenzootic for Dirofilaria immitis were grouped into 4 age categories and necropsied; information was obtained on adult D immitis infections and on the presence of microfilariae. Serum samples from these dogs were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody to adult D immitis and by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for antibody to microfilarial surface antigens. In dogs less than or equal to 5 months of age, necropsy demonstrated no evidence of infection; however, positive serologic results indicated that some of these dogs had prepatent infections. The percentage of dogs with ELISA titers (positive) increased with age, as did the percentage of dogs with adult D immitis infections. The IFAT results were positive in some dogs in each age category. Sera from all 29 dogs with occult infections were positive by ELISA. Sera from 6 of 20 dogs with occult dual-sex heartworm infections and 1 of 9 dogs with occult single-sex heartworm infections were positive by IFAT. For diagnosing occult dirofilariasis, the ELISA had a positive predictive value which increased with age of the dog to a maximum of 65.0% in dogs greater than or equal to 12 months of age; ELISA had a negative predictive value of 100% in all age groups. In contrast, positive and negative predictive values for the IFAT decreased with age of the dog to 60% and 37.5%, respectively, in dogs greater than or equal to 12 months of age.  相似文献   

14.
ObjectivesTo determine normal resting values for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in healthy Standardbred, Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses and investigate if racing has an influence on cTnI concentrations.BackgroundMeasuring cTnI concentrations in plasma is the gold standard for detecting myocardial injury in humans. Cardiac troponin I is highly conserved between species and has gained interest as a marker for cardiac injury in horses. Increased levels of cTnI have been reported in association with endurance and short-term strenuous exercise on a treadmill in horses. However, the effect of true racing conditions has not yet been reported.Animals, materials and methodsBlood samples for analysis of cTnI concentrations in plasma were collected from 67 Standardbred racehorses, 34 Thoroughbred racehorses and 35 Warmblood dressage horses at rest. Blood samples were also collected prior to and after racing in 22 Standardbred racehorses and 6 Thoroughbred racehorses.ResultsAll horses except one had resting plasma cTnI concentrations <0.022 μg/L. Mild increases in cTnI concentrations were seen in some horses 1–2 h after the race (1/17 Standardbreds and 2/6 Thoroughbreds) as well as 10–14 h after the race (4/21 Standardbreds and 1/6 Thoroughbreds).ConclusionsResting cTnI concentrations in horses are low but mildly elevated cTnI concentrations may be detected in some horses 1–14 h after racing. These findings could be of importance when evaluating horses with suspected cardiac disease that recently have performed hard exercise.  相似文献   

15.
Objectives : The assessment of serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with a range of nonprimary cardiac illnesses has revealed that cardiac myocyte damage is commonplace in many canine diseases. Whilst it is well established that dogs with fatal immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia frequently have cardiac pathology based on post‐mortem examinations, there is limited information on the incidence of cardiac myocyte damage in this population of dogs. Methods : Serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured in 11 healthy dogs, 27 dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia and 49 hospitalised dogs without primary cardiac or haematological disorders. Results : Dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia have higher serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I than hospitalised ill dogs (P<0.005) and healthy dogs (P<0.01). Using a cut‐off of less than 0.1 ng/mL, 20 of 27 dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia had increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations, which was a significantly higher proportion compared to the hospitalised ill dogs (P<0.001, 16 out of 49 dogs) and healthy dogs (P<0.05, 3 out of 11 dogs). Clinical Significance : Dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia have a higher incidence of subclinical myocyte damage than healthy dogs or dogs with non‐haematological or primary cardiac illnesses. The prognostic significance of increased serum cardiac troponin I concentrations in dogs with primary haemolytic anaemia merits further investigation.  相似文献   

16.
Third degree atrioventricular (AV) block in dogs is thought to be most frequently characterized by non-specific fibrotic changes in the AV node. However, it may occur secondary to an undiagnosed inflammatory process. We report a case of third degree AV block in a dog, secondary to acute lymphocytic-plasmacytic myocarditis that resulted in sudden death. This dog had cardiac troponin I levels of 44.65 ng/mL (normal <0.11 ng/mL). The serum cardiac troponin I level was five times higher than any other AV block patient measured in our laboratory, and was also substantially higher than in dogs with chronic valve disease or dilated cardiomyopathy. The severe myocardial necrosis observed at necropsy correlated with the degree of cardiac troponin I elevation. This report suggests that measurement of cardiac troponin I may be an indicated test before pacemaker implantation in dogs with third degree AV block.  相似文献   

17.
It has been reported that dogs with heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) show increased plasma levels of D-dimer, a fibrin degradation product present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. In the present study the authors show that, in dogs with both experimental and natural infections with D. immitis, D-dimer deposits in lungs and kidneys are associated with pulmonary thromboembolism and microfilariemic status, as well as there was a clear association between increased plasma values of D-dimer and positive staining in immunohistochemistry. Results suggest that the monitoring of D-dimer levels in infected dogs could be useful in evaluating the presence of pulmonary thromboembolism in the lungs and that microfilariae may induce microthrombosis in kidneys, thus contributing to renal pathology.  相似文献   

18.
BACKGROUND: Recent interest in cardiac biomarkers has led to the validation of several commercial analyzers for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) evaluation in dogs; however, these analyzers have not been standardized. HYPOTHESIS: It was hypothesized that canine plasma cTnI concentrations as determined by 3 different analyzers would be similar. ANIMALS: Twenty-three dogs with cardiac disease were studied. METHODS: Reconstituted purified canine free cTnI was diluted with canine plasma to 8 concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 0.78, 1.56, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 ng/mL), for analysis by 3 analyzers, the Biosite Triage Meter, the Dade-Behring Stratus, and the Beckman-Coulter Access AccuTnI. Plasma samples from 23 dogs with cardiac disease were also analyzed for cTnI concentrations on all analyzers. RESULTS: Troponin I concentrations in sick dogs were <0.05-5.72 ng/mL (Biosite), 0.02-11.1 ng/mL (Access), and 0.02-9.73 ng/mL (Stratus). Analyzer results were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.97 to 1.0 for purified dilutions, r = 0.61 to 0.89 for samples from dogs); however, the limits of agreement were wide for both purified dilutions and clinical samples. Recovery was highest for the Access (334-1467%) and lowest for the Biosite (38-60%); Stratus 52-233%. Analyzer variability was lowest for the Access (1.2-10.4%) and highest for the Stratus (4.8-33.6%); Biosite 2.8-16.5%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results from this study suggest that although canine cTnI values obtained from the Biosite, Stratus, and Access analyzers are closely correlated, they cannot be directly compared with each other. In the absence of a gold standard none of the analyzers can be considered more correct than the others.  相似文献   

19.
Tei index (myocardial performance) and cardiac biomarkers were evaluated in dogs with parvoviral enteritis (PVE). Tei index was calculated as isovolumic contraction time plus isovolumic relaxation time divided by ejection time. Myocardial and skeletal muscle damages were assessed by serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine (phospho) kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase. Serum magnesium level was also determined. According to treatment response, dogs were divided into the survivor (n=20) and non-survivor groups (n=23). Seven healthy dogs served as controls. The mean value of the Tei index was higher in non-survivors, compared with survivors (p<0.02) and healthy controls (p<0.01). Serum level of cTnI in non-survivors was higher than that of survivors and controls (p<0.05). Tei index showed the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict mortality. The findings of an elevated Tei index and an increase in serum cTnI are factors associated with a poor prognosis in cases of canine parvovirosis.  相似文献   

20.
Pulmonary vascular response of dogs with heartworm disease.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
Heartworm diseases in dogs is an infectious disease that produces pulmonary hypertension. Dogs with the early vascular changes of heartworm disease, but without the clinical cardiopulmonary signs and pulmonary hypertension, were studied. Dogs with early heartworm were identified that had an exaggerated hypertensive response to hypoxia and to postaglandin F2alpha as compared to those of normal dogs. The pulmonary hypertensive response of dogs with spontaneous heartworm disease varied widely between individuals.  相似文献   

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