共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Erwan Charles Philippe Paquotte 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(2):121-129
Abstract France is one of the world's top producers of oysters and mussels by aquaculture with 140 000 tonnes of oysters, 60 000 tonnes of mussels and an ex‐farm turnover accounting to 350 million US$ in 1996. The French market is by far the largest in Europe for oysters and is supplied entirely by domestic production, with very little external trade. Conversely, the French market for mussels is a very competitive one, widely open to imports. Given the evolution of market conditions due to the development of supermarkets, to the competition of new value‐added products and to the modification of consumer habits, French oyster and mussel producers have begun to implement various strategies of product differentiation and quality approach. These numerous strategies, which are built on geographical origin, process of production or marketing promotion may induce confusion in the consumer's mind. A typology of these strategies has been drawn in order to clarify the situation and to assess their sustainability. Since any quality approach has a counterpart in terms of production costs, an enquiry has been carried out at the level of supermarkets in order to assess the price the buyers are ready to pay for labelled oysters and mussels. The results of this study show important variations according to the locality of the supermarkets, especially with regard to the distance to the coast and the size of the town. Contractual relationships between producers and supermarkets as well as better production organization prove to be important perquisites to ensure successful product differentiation and quality approaches. 相似文献
2.
- 1 Hatchery-reared Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) grown in the British Isles and Guernsey originate from an introduction through quarantine of small numbers of oysters from British Columbia, Canada.
- 2 Previous electrophoretic analysis of samples of these oysters have shown the glucose phosphate isomerase locus to be monomorphic.
- 3 Recent analysis of oysters from a commercial hatchery in Guernsey revealed a second allele at low frequencies which was unexpected and was thought to indicate the presence of oysters from another stock.
- 4 Samples of hatchery-reared oysters from France showed that they were highly polymorphic and carried the unexpected allele and four others.
- 5 A natural spatfall of oysters from the River Teign (Devon) was sampled and these carried three alleles which were also found in the French C. gigas. This suggests that there has been movement of C. gigas possibly of French origin into this river.
- 6 This finding and its implications in terms of conservation and management are discussed.
3.
《水生生物资源》1999,12(2):121-130
The French oyster farming industry relies almost exclusively on juveniles collected from the natural environment; the supply of spat produced by hatcheries is low, about 10 % of the industry's requirements. Development through selective breeding of oyster stocks which are better suited for aquaculture purposes, is likely to reverse this tendency since only hatcheries will be able to supply such animals. Scallop farming, which at present is poorly developed in France, relies exclusively on hatchery produced spat. Although hatchery technology is constantly being improved, significant production problems remain which must be solved before hatcheries become a major supplier of juveniles for the industry. This paper describes the present state of hatchery technology in France based on experimental results obtained with the great scallop Pecten maximus and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, over the past ten years. Compared to the great scallop, the Pacific oyster has higher D larva yields (60 % for C. gigas vs. 30 % for P. maximus) and a faster larval growth rate (10 μm·d−1 for C. gigas vs. 5 μm·d−1 for P. maximus). However, Pacific oysters have a greater heterogeneity during larval development and higher mortality rates (40 % for C. gigas vs. 25 % for P. maximus) which produce lower overall yields of pediveliger larvae ready-to-set for Pacific oysters (15 %) compared to the great scallop (30 %). Development of continuous larval and post-larval culture methods along with development of continuous phytoplankton technology offers one of the most promising methods to improve molluscan hatchery techniques. 相似文献
4.
Azpeitia K. Ríos Y. Garcia I. Pagaldai J. Mendiola D. 《International Aquatic Research》2017,9(2):89-106
Mussel shell biometry, nutritional quality as well as consumer sensory evaluation of experimental open ocean cultured mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck 1819) were analyzed and compared to that of commercial mussels from Galician Rías available in the local market. Both mussel products were of the same commercial size. In this study, open ocean mussels were significantly higher and wider than those of Galician Rías. In addition, with the exception of ash content, both mussel products showed similar biochemical composition. Regarding fatty acid profiles, however, statistical differences were detected. These differences were not fully reflected in the sensory assessment. In terms of consumer acceptability, both mussel products were considered equally satisfactory.
相似文献5.
France is currently one of theleading shellfish production countries inEurope, harvesting more than 150,000 metrictons of the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and 60,000 tons ofmussels (Mytilus edulis and M.galloprocincialis) each year. Amongrearing areas, the Charentais Sounds and theMarennes-Oléron Bay rank first in Europe,with an annual production of 40,000 and 15,000tons of oysters and mussels respectively. Morethan a third of French production is marketedfrom the Marennes-Oléron area. As naturalC. gigas and M. edulis spatfall islimited to the Atlantic coast, theMarennes-Oléron Bay and the CharentaisSounds play a critical role nationally,representing more than half of French oysterand mussel spat production. The stockingbiomass in this area was recently estimated at125,000 and 20,000 tons of oysters and musselsrespectively. This biomass is deployed over4,000 ha of leasing grounds along the coastalarea and 3,000 ha of wetlands (oyster ponds),which are environmentally sensitive and subjectto numerous recent regulations.Although a traditional, century-old activity,the shellfish industry now has to addressvarious new internal and external constraintsaffecting overall economic yield andsustainability. These include the management offreshwater inputs into the coastal area,impacted at the watershed level by agriculturefrom a qualitative and quantitative point ofview (e.g. irrigation activity). Moreover, theCharentais Sounds need to remain competitive onthe open market with other French and Europeanproduction sites, whereas its biological yieldremains one of the lowest in France. This hasprompted the industry to optimize spatialdistribution, restructure current leasinggrounds and assess new management practices aswell as new rearing techniques (offshore, longlines), which have led to conflicts overavailable space. In addition to technicalconstraints, local, national and Europeanregulations have increased significantly. Thecoastal law, water law, bird directives, andregulations concerning the preservation ofnatural habitats, wild flora and fauna andprotected areas are among the acts likely tohave an impact on the shellfish industry in thenear future.These internal and external constraints onaquaculture sustainability are analyzed, andcertain case studies in the Charentais Soundsthat have led to user conflicts are reviewed.The diversity of habitats, human activities andinterests along this coast have resulted inhighly complex situations in which somemanagement attempts have been partly successfuland others have failed. These managementoptions are analyzed, and ongoing newapproaches are described, including cooperativestrategies among marine biologists,sociologists, economists, managers, coastalusers, and the shellfish industry. Based onthis analysis, requirements for the developmentof an integrated CZM plan in the CharentaisSounds are suggested, including the use of aproactive approach, geomatics and operationalmodels, as well as the development ofintegrated decision making structure to developCZM and then, the use of a stepwise model ofagreement-focused negociation for furtherconsensus building. 相似文献
6.
《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3-4):125-141
Abstract The quality of fish is a very complex concept. Quality is frequently described using terms related to nutritional, microbiological, biochemical and physiochemical characteristics alone, but none of these terms serve as adequate indices of quality-sensory perception and consumer acceptability must be included. This paper discusses some of the sensory methods that can be used for fish as objective markers of quality in the chain from catch to consumer with focus on methods used for evaluation of whole raw fish and suggest methods and systems that can build a bridge between research and development, industry, marketing and consumer. 相似文献
7.
Lawrence W. C. Lai K. W. Chau S. K. Wong N. Matsuda Frank T. Lorne 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(3):289-316
ABSTRACT From a transaction cost perspective, this paper shows how the tradition of consuming marine fish by the majority of Hong Kong's Chinese citizens has shaped the means and modes of marketing seafood in Hong Kong. It is argued that consumer preferences stimulate aquaculture as a non-open access measure to bypass state fish marketing regulations. This has resulted in two outcomes. First, the transaction cost savings on metering output quantity and quality under private property have led not only to the collapse of the state monopoly on marine fish marketing, but also to the emergence of the (then new but) currently popular kind of Chinese seafood restaurant in Hong Kong. Second, consumer preferences for variety have shaped the form of coordination between the producer and the consumer. The advantage of market coordination has led to the emergence of a system of wholesaling and retailing rather than vertical integration. Issues concerning the emergence of Hong Kong as a regional live marine fish production and trading centre are discussed in terms of the contribution of local mariculture to sustainable development. 相似文献
8.
Masahiko Ariji 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(6):1023-1028
Tuna is one of the most important marine products in Japan, but fishery productivity is decreasing, especially for bluefin
tuna (Thunnus orientalis,
Thunnus thynnus) because of strict capture limits implemented by regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs). Such capture limitations
are necessitated by a shortage of resources. At the same time, full-cycle farming technology of Thunnus orientalis has recently been developed. This technology is set to achieve productivity levels at an industrial scale. In Japan, however,
most consumers are believed to have a negative image of farmed products; therefore effective marketing is necessary. This
study employs conjoint analysis via an internet questionnaire to clarify consumer preferences and the determine the possibility
of marketing through provision of information to consumers regarding bluefin tuna and the environmental background of the
problem. The results show that once consumers are provided with enough information about bluefin tuna, particularly in terms
of the underlying resources problem, the willingness to pay (WTP) for full-cycle farmed fish is greater compared to conventionally
farmed fish. Furthermore, if the product has an “eco-label,” the WTP increases drastically. Therefore, the informational process
is important for marketing, and labeling can be an efficient marketing method. 相似文献
9.
Bashar Abul Heal Richard D. Hasan Neaz A. Salam Md. Abdus Haque Mohammad Mahfujul 《Fisheries Science》2022,88(6):767-786
Shrimp farming is fundamental to the national economy of Bangladesh, particularly through earning foreign currency. The nationwide lockdown and international cargo restriction jeopardized the sector and breaking its marketing chain. Assessing the degree of farming socio-economic peril from COVID-19 and suggesting early coping strategies and long-term mitigation measures are pressing to build resilience for this food production sector. To collect survey data, two key-informant face-to-face surveys with 51 shrimp farmers and 62 consumers in southwest Bangladesh were accomplished. As national lockdowns restricted access to export markets and movements within the country, farm incomes decreased against rising production costs. To compensate, farmers reduced their workforce (29.4%), but even with the sale of co-cultured finfish still suffered from large drops in revenue (42.8% average profit reduction). Furthermore, we present evidence that shrimp farmers should consider diversification of aquaculture product type as co-culture of additional shrimp species was a poor mitigation strategy against large market price fluctuations. Product price reductions were passed on to the consumer, who enjoyed falling product prices including more expensive shrimp products, but the markup for nearly all aquaculture products increased. The current jeopardy and consequences of shrimp farming future are discussed, including coping strategies to help policymakers in building resilience against future uncertainties.
相似文献10.
11.
Trond Bjørndal 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(1-2):97-116
Abstract Commercial salmon and trout farming has emerged as a major industry in Chile during the 1990s. Salmon is not a native species to Chile, still excellent climatic conditions are provided for farming. Since 1992 Chile has been the second largest producer of farmed salmon and trout in the world after Norway. This report reviews the development of the Chilean salmonid industry from its early stages until today with respect to production patterns, legislation and main markets. A cost comparison between Chilean and Norwegian farmed salmon is also provided. Finally, the international competitiveness and future challenges of the Chilean salmonid farming industry are analysed. 相似文献
12.
《水生生物资源》2002,15(1):67-71
The direct amplification of length polymorphism technique (DALP) has been used to distinguish species-specific banding patterns in two marine gastropod oyster drills Ocenebra erinacea (Linnaeus, 1758) and Ocinebrellus inornatus (Récluz, 1851). Ocenebra erinacea is the European oyster drill, common along all European coasts. Ocinebrellus inornatus, the Japanese oyster drill, was recorded in oyster growing areas of the Marennes-Oléron Bay (SW France) for the first time in 1995. This new biological invasion could lead to an increase, which must be evaluated, in the predation risk for cultivated species i.e. oysters and blue mussels, and for littoral fishing resources along the French Atlantic coasts. As a result, since specific identification of early life stages of both species (egg capsules and juveniles) was previously found to be both difficult and unsure using only morphological criteria, four Ocenebra erinacea and two Ocinebrellus inornatus specific molecular markers were identified and sequenced. These markers will facilitate the assessment of respective ecological impacts (reproductive patterns, abundance and spatial distribution of juveniles), resulting from the exotic species versus the native species and will allow us to analyse with certainty demographic profiles of the two oyster drill populations. 相似文献
13.
S. Piumsombun M. A. Rab M. M. Dey N. Srichantuk 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(1-2):265-287
ABSTRACT The paper reviews freshwater and coastal aquaculture practices in Thailand, and compares the productivity, costs, and benefits across various types of cultivation and various intensities of production. The paper is based on data that were collected in surveys conducted during 1998–2001 by the Department of Fisheries (DOF), Thailand and the WorldFish Center. More than 22% of Thailand's fish supply comes from aquaculture, with coastal aquaculture accounting for more than 88% of this in terms of value. Intensive culture of shrimp is the dominant form of coastal aquaculture, occupying 69% of the area under production. However, in some regions, the average net profit/kg of intensive shrimp culture is negative, and semi-intensive farming, with relatively lower fixed investment and operating costs, delivers the highest rate of return on investment. On the coast, grouper and sea bass are the most important cage-cultivated species, achieving an economic rate of return as high as 92%. In the same environment, culture of mollusks, such as green mussels, oysters, and blood cockles, is widespread. It can also be economically sustainable, with relatively low capital and operating costs. Although the relative share of freshwater aquaculture production is declining, the level of output has been increasing rapidly. While the average production from monoculture of carnivorous species is higher than that from polyculture, the average capital investment and operating costs associated with the former are also higher. The expansion of freshwater polyculture and of mollusk culture in coastal areas would greatly assist poor fish farmers. 相似文献
14.
15.
- 1. Shellfish farming is an expanding segment of marine aquaculture, but environmental effects of this industry are only beginning to be considered.
- 2. The interaction between off‐bottom, suspended oyster farming and wintering sea ducks in coastal British Columbia was studied. Specifically, the habitat use of surf scoters (Melanitta perspicillata) and Barrow's goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica), the most abundant sea duck species in the study area, was evaluated in relation to natural environmental attributes and shellfish aquaculture.
- 3. The extent of shellfish farming was the best‐supported habitat variable explaining variation in surf scoter densities, and the only habitat attribute from the considered set that was a strong predictor of Barrow's goldeneye densities. In both cases, the findings indicated strong positive relationships between densities of sea ducks and shellfish aquaculture operations. These relationships are presumably the result of large numbers of wild mussels (Mytilus trossulus) that settle and grow on aquaculture structures and are preferred prey of these sea ducks.
- 4. Previous work has shown that aquaculture structures provide good conditions for recruiting and growing mussels, including refuge from invertebrate predators, which in turn provides higher densities of higher quality prey for sea ducks than available in intertidal areas. This offers a rare example in which introduction of an industry leads to positive effects on wildlife populations, which is particularly important given persistent declines in numbers of many sea ducks.
16.
长牡蛎中国群体和美国群体杂交效应与三倍体的优势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将长牡蛎中国群体二倍体分别与美国群体二倍体和四倍体进行杂交,实验共设置4组,分别为杂交二倍体组、杂交三倍体组、中国二倍体组和美国二倍体组,比较了各实验组卵裂率、D幼率、D形幼虫大小及幼虫期、稚贝期的壳高生长、存活率等生物学指标,并估算杂交二倍体的杂种优势率和杂交三倍体的三倍体优势率。结果表明,杂交二倍体幼虫壳高生长的杂种优势率不明显,平均杂种优势率为1.21%,幼虫的存活率及稚贝的壳高生长表现出明显的杂种优势,平均杂种优势率分别为34.47%和20.39%。杂交三倍体的D形幼虫大小、幼虫和稚贝的壳高生长、存活率均表现出三倍体优势,D形幼虫大小三倍体优势率为5.19%,幼虫期壳高生长和存活的平均三倍体优势率分别为4.00%和19.92%,稚贝壳高生长和存活的平均三倍体优势率分别为30.18%和54.43%,200日龄,杂交三倍体鲜体质量的三倍体优势率为202.96%,存活三倍体优势率为73.60%。此外,稚贝期的杂交二倍体生长性状的杂种优势率和杂交三倍体的三倍体优势率均高于幼虫期的优势率。研究表明,中、美两地理群体杂交获得的三倍体长牡蛎子代生长和存活性状都比二倍体优良。杂交三倍体的优良性状主要是三倍体优势,杂交优势的贡献率还有待进一步实验证实。 相似文献
17.
Thong Tien Nguyen 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(4):605-618
This study explores desired and undesired characteristics of mussels in wholesale market by applying hedonic price analysis. Transaction data in auction market in Yerseke, the Netherlands, was used to estimate linear and semi-log price models. Meat content and size count, which are measured as the ratio of the weight of cooked meat to the total weight and the number of mussel per kg of raw mussels, respectively, are the most important characteristics determining the price. At the sample mean, if the meat content increases by 1%, farmers can get a premium price of 5.5 eurocents kg?1 of raw mussel. Mussel lots with size counts below 50 pieces kg?1 can command the highest implicit price of size. Processors prefer mussel lots in which the size of mussels is more or less heterogeneous. The impurity of mussel lots, which is measured by the percentage of tare, the amount of barnacles and limpets per kg of raw mussels are significant discounting factors on the price. The study also investigates the impact of farming locations and seasons on the price and the price trend during the period of 2002–2009. 相似文献
18.
Jasper van Houcke Themistoklis Altintzoglou Markus Stieger Jozef Linssen Joop Luten 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(5):770-776
ABSTRACTExperts in the oyster supply chain (farmers, retailers, and gourmet chefs) in The Netherlands have suggested that the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) has superior sensory qualities compared to the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas). However, scientific evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate consumer preferences for these two oyster species and to determine the sensory properties of both species by consumers. Two-alternative forced choice tests were performed with the oysters involving a panel of 74 naïve consumers. No significant differences in preferences between the oyster species were observed by the consumers. Nine sensory attributes of both oyster species were evaluated. Consumers did not observe significant differences between species in the sensory attributes: overall odor intensity, sea odor, mud odor, sweetness, pungency, and firmness. The Pacific cupped oyster was perceived as significantly saltier and more intense in greenness than the European flat oyster. We concluded that only a few sensory properties of the European flat oyster and the Pacific cupped oyster are perceived as being different by untrained consumers. 相似文献
19.
20.
Abstract There have been several attempts to distinguish farmed Atlantic salmon by origin using trademarks. Whether there exist different regional markets for salmon, and in particular whether the UK market is separate from the market in continental Europe, is also an issue that has received attention. To address these questions, we investigate the relationship between Norwegian and Scottish salmon both in France and the UK, and between Scottish salmon in France and the UK. The analysis is carried out by investigating how the development of prices is related using co‐integration tests. 相似文献