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1.
小麦粒重是影响小麦产量的重要因素,为了解小麦粒重基因 TaGS-D1和 TaCwi-A1及其等位变异在黄淮麦区（南片）新育成小麦品种（系）中的分布情况,以94份黄淮麦区（南片）新育成小麦品种（系）为试验材料,利用功能标记GS7D、CWI22和CWI21对试验材料中 TaGS-D1和 TaCwi-A1位点的等位变异进行检测,并分析了不同等位基因以及等位基因组合与粒重之间的关系。结果表明,在 TaGS-D1位点,共检测到 TaGS-D1a和 TaGS-D1b两种等位基因,分布频率分别为80.85%和19.15%,含有 TaGS-D1a等位基因的小麦材料的粒重显著高于含有 TaGS-D1b等位基因的材料;在 TaCwi-A1位点,共检测到 TaCwi-A1a和 TaCwi-A1b两种等位基因,分布频率分别为67.02%和32.98%,含有 TaCwi-A1a等位基因的小麦材料的粒重显著高于含有 TaCwi-A1b等位基因的材料;在 TaGS-D1和 TaCwi-A1位点,共检测到 TaGS-D1a/TaCwi-A1a、 TaGS-D1a/TaCwi-A1b、 TaGS-D1b/TaCwi-A1a和 TaGS-D1b/TaCwi-A1b四种等位基因组合,分布频率分别为56.38%、24.47%、10.64%和8.51%,含有 TaGS-D1a/TaCwi-A1a等位基因组合的小麦材料的粒重显著高于具有其余三种等位基因组合的材料,含有 TaGS-D1b/TaCwi-A1b等位基因组合的小麦材料的粒重显著低于具有其余三种等位基因组合的材料。 相似文献
2.
面粉色泽是小麦品质的重要指标,与色泽相关的低多酚氧化酶和高脂肪氧化酶活性是小麦品质育种的重要目标之一。为了明确河南省小麦地方品种中上述两类酶的基因分布情况,利用4个多酚氧化酶（polyphenoloxidase,PPO）和2个脂肪氧化酶（lipoxygenase,LOX）基因的功能标记对308份河南地方小麦品种进行检测。结果表明,基因 PPO-A1a、 PPO-A1b在306个品种中具有明确检测结果,携带品种数量为132和174,频率为43.14%和56.86%;携带基因 PPO-D1a、 PPO-D1b、 TaLox-B1a、 TaLox-B1b的品种数量为282、26、21和287,其频率为 91.56%、91.56%、6.82%和93.18%。在306个品种中,携带低活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合（ PPO-A1b/ PPO-D1a）、较低活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合（ PPO-A1b/ PPO-D1b）、较高活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合（ PPO-A1a/ PPO-D1a）和高活性多酚氧化酶基因型组合（ PPO-A1a/ PPO-D1b）的品种数分别为166、114、10和16,其频率分别为54.25%、37.25%、3.27%和5.23%,具有 PPO-A1b/ PPO-D1a/ TaLox-B1a基因型的品种有11个,其频率为3.59%, PPO-A1a/ PPO-D1b/ TaLox-B1b基因型品种数为16个。 相似文献
3.
为了鉴定甘肃省新育成小麦品种（系）面粉色泽相关基因的分布情况,利用STS标记鉴定了103份新育成小麦品种（系）的1BL/1RS易位系及与黄色素含量和多酚氧化酶活性相关的等位变异类型。结果发现,供试材料中,有37份材料为1BL/1RS易位系,占35.92%;42份为非1BL/1RS易位系,占40.78%;其余均为片段易位或其他易位系。在黄色素含量分子检测中, Psy-A1位点有3个等位变异, Psy-A1a所占比例最大,频率达91.26%, Psy-A1b 和 Psy-A1c 分别占7.77%和0.97%; Psy-B1 位点的3个等位变异中, Psy-B1a 、 Psy-B1b 和 Psy-B1c 频率分别为62.13%、28.16%和18.45%; Psy-D1 位点有 Psy-D1a 和 Psy-D1g 两个等位变异,其中 Psy-D1a 分布频率为97.09%。在PPO活性等位基因中,与低PPO活性相关的基因 Ppo-A1b 和 Ppo-B1a 分别占34.95%、77.67%;与高PPO活性相关的基因 Ppo-A1a 、 PPO-B1b 、 PPO-D1b 分别占54.36%、 19.46%、40.77%。黄色素含量和PPO活性相关的基因组成以中间类型居多。甘肃省新育成小麦品种（系）中,1BL/1RS易位系材料频率有所下降,黄色素含量及PPO活性相关等位基因均有一定分布,在未来小麦育种工作中仍需加强面粉色泽的选择。 相似文献
4.
为了解青海高原地区春小麦品种中粒重基因的分布情况,采用KASP标记检测3个粒重基因（ TaCwi-A1、 TaGW2-6A和 TaTGW6-4A）等位变异在青海高原地区主栽的49个小麦品种中的分布,并结合千粒重表型,分析不同等位变异组合对小麦粒重的影响,探索最优基因型。结果显示,49个品种的千粒重在不同年度均存在显著差异; TaCwi-A1位点存在 TaCwi-A1a和 TaCwi-A1b两种等位变异,分布频率分别为69.39%和30.61%; TaGW2-6A位点存在 Hap-6A-A和 Hap-6A-B两种等位变异,分布频率分别为46.94%和53.06%; TaTGW6-4A位点存在 TaTGW6-4Aa和 TaTGW6-4Ab两种等位变异,分布频率分别为97.96%和2.04%。 TaCwi-A1、 TaGW2-6A和 TaTGW6-4A位点的不同等位变异均会导致小麦千粒重发生显著变化,其中, TaCwi-A1位点的等位变异对小麦千粒重影响较为重要。49个小麦品种中, TaCwi-A1a/ Hap-6A-A/ TaTGW-6-4Aa等位变异组合类型的品种的分布频率为32.65%,其千粒重最高,显著高于其他等位变异组合类型的品种,是青海高原地区优异的基因型组合。 相似文献
5.
面粉或面制品色泽是小麦重要的品质评价指标,ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶(ζ-carotene desaturase, ZDS)活性基因是控制小麦籽粒或面粉中黄色素(Yellow pigment, YP)含量的重要基因。为给陕西小麦品质改良提供参考依据,利用2A和2D染色体上的 YP2A-1和 YP2D-1标记,对陕西194份小麦品种(系)分别进行检测,分析 TaZds-A1和 TaZds-D1两位点等位变异的组成和分布特点。结果表明,在陕西小麦中, TaZds-A1位点存在 TaZds-A1a和 TaZds-A1b两种等位变异类型,分别占43.3%和56.7%;而在 TaZds-D1位点,全为 TaZds-D1a等位变异类型。陕西小麦两位点存在 TaZds-A1a/ TaZds-D1a和 TaZds-A1b/ TaZds-D1a两种等位变异的组合类型,在不同地区小麦中的分布不同：在陕西渭北旱塬和关中地区小麦中,两种组合类型的频率相当,约各占一半;在陕南地区小麦中,高YP含量的 TaZds-A1b/ TaZds-D1a组合类型占三分之二。ZDS活性基因的选择将成为以后陕西小麦色泽品质遗传改良研究中的一个重要部分。 相似文献
6.
为明确矮秆基因Rht-B1和Rht-D1在青海春麦区小麦品种中的分布，以青海春麦区历年种植的45份春小麦品种（25份育成品种，14份引进品种，6份地方品种）为材料，利用KASP标记技术检测其两个矮秆基因的分布，并分析这两个矮秆基因对株高、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数的影响。结果表明，Rht-B1位点上存在Rht-B1a和Rht-B1b两种等位变异，分布频率分别为91.11%和8.89%；Rht-D1位点上存在Rht-D1a和Rht-D1b两种等位变异，分布频率分别为86.67%和13.33%。25份育成品种中，Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的分布频率分别为16.00%和12.00%，未发现Rht-B1a和Rht-D1a；引进品种中仅含有Rht-D1b，分布频率为21.43%；地方品种中未发现Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b。Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b均具有一定的降秆效应，Rht-D1b的降秆效应大于Rht-B1b。携带Rht-B1a/Rht-D1b品种的株高显著低于携带Rht-B1a/Rht-D1a和Rht-B1b/Rht-D1a的品种，该组合类型不仅可使株高降低，也可增加小穗数和穗粒数；未发现携带Rht-B1b/Rht-D1b组合类型的品种。 相似文献
7.
阿魏酰阿拉伯木聚糖（feruloyl arabinoxylan,FAX）含量是影响小麦加工品质的重要因素,揭示其相关基因在小麦中的遗传变异规律,可为小麦分子育种提供一定参考。本研究利用阿拉伯木聚糖阿魏酸酰基转移酶 TaBahd-A1基因位点的3对功能标记AFTA2、AFTB2和AFTC8,对124份新疆小麦品种（系）进行 TaBahd-A1等位变异检测,并分析等位变异分布规律。结果表明,携带与低FAX含量相关的 TaBahd-A1b等位变异材料占比（57.2%）最大,其次是与高FAX含量相关的 TaBahd-A1c等位变异（29.1%）,与高FAX含量相关的 TaBahd-A1a等位变异占比（13.7%）最小;其中,98份新疆冬小麦品种（系）中,携带 TaBahd-A1a和 TaBahd-A1c基因型的材料共占比38.7%,携带 TaBahd-A1b基因型的材料占比61.3%;26份新疆春小麦材料中,携带 TaBahd-A1a和 TaBahd-A1c基因型的材料共占比57.6%,携带 TaBahd-A1b基因型的材料占比38.4%。在不同类型冬小麦品种（系）中,与高FAX含量相关的等位变异类型 TaBahd-A1a和 TaBahd-A1c的分布频率表现为引进品种（系）＞地方品种>自育品种（系）;与低FAX含量相关的等位变异类型 TaBahd-A1b的分布频率表现为自育品种（系）＞地方品种＞引进品种（系）。 相似文献
8.
为给宁夏优质小麦育种和推广提供依据,本研究以180份宁夏小麦品种（系）为材料,利用分子标记检测脂肪氧化酶（LOX）基因在QLpx.caas-1AL和TaLOX-B1位点的组成情况,分析其分布特点。结果表明,不同等位变异及其组合类型的分布比例不同。在QLpx.caas-1AL位点,除了原有的3种等位变异Xwmc312-227、Xwmc312-235和Xwmc312-247外,还发现了2种新的等位变异。经测序分析,两种新变异条带大小分别为199 bp和223 bp,暂命名为Xwmc312-199和Xwmc312-223。该位点5种等位变异的分布比例分别为46.11%、32.78%、18.89%、1.11%和1.11%。在TaLOX-B1位点存在2种等位变异,即TaLOX-B1a和TaLOX-B1b,分别占15.56%和84.44%。宁夏小麦LOX基因位点存在8种等位变异组合类型,其中Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b组合类型比例（40.56%）最高,Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1b次之（27.78%）,Xwmc312-199/TaLOX-B1b和Xwmc312-223/TaLOX-B1b最低（均为1.11%）。同时,在不同地区和相同地区不同来源品种（系）间,LOX基因的分布也存在差异。总体来看,宁夏小麦低活性LOX基因等位变异类型（Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b）所占的比例明显高于高活性类型（Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-Ba1）。 相似文献
9.
为了解10年来中国冬小麦育成品种（系）的面筋强度、黄色素含量、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性以及1BL·1RS易位相关基因的分布情况,利用Dx5、By8、YP7A、PPO18和H2O特异性功能标记对266份冬小麦品种（系）进行检测。结果表明,面筋强度相关基因 Dx5和 By8的分布频率分别为32.0%和28.9%,PPO活性相关基因 Ppo-A1a和 PPo-A1b的分布频率分别为54.1%和45.9%,黄色素含量相关基因 Psy-A1a和 Psy-A1b的分布频率分别为76.3%和23.7％,1BL·1RS易位基因型的分布频率为45.9%。不同省份之间品质相关基因分布差异较大,1BL·1RS易位在江苏、河南和陕西品种（系）中出现的频率较高,分别为81.3%、57.2%和35.7%,而在河北、山东和北京品种（系）中出现的频率较低,分别为15.0%、8.7%和8.3%; Dx5和 By8在河北、山东品种中出现的频率较高,分别为60.9%、65.2%和45.0%、45.0%; Ppo-A1b和 Pys-A1a在山东、北京、河北品种（系）中出现的频率较高,分别为95.7%、83.3%、75.0%和100.0%、83.3%、80.0%。筛选到 Psy-A1b/PPo-A1b/ Dx5/By8和 Psy-A1a/ PPo-A1b/ Dx5/ By8基因聚合且不含1BL·1RS易位的品种（系）分别有2和23份,可作为优质面条小麦育种的亲本材料;筛选到 Psy-A1b/ PPo-A1b/ Dx5基因聚合且为1BL·1RS易位的品种（系）12份,可用于1BL·1RS易位系品质改良的研究。 相似文献
10.
小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶及其控制基因研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶（polyphenol oxidase,PPO）活性是引起面制食品褐变的主要原因。目前常用测试小麦籽粒PPO活性的方法为邻苯二酚法和LDOPA法等。基因型和环境均对小麦籽粒PPO活性产生显著影响,但基因型是最为主要的决定因素。影响小麦籽粒PPO活性的基因主要位于2AL染色体上的PpoA1位点和2DL染色体上的PpoD1位点。目前,在PpoA1位点已发现7种等位变异类型,在PpoD1位点已发现4种等位变异类型,其中PpoA1b和PpoD1a类型表现出低PPO活性,而PpoA1a和PpoD1b类型则表现出高PPO活性。依据其序列特征,已经有PPO16、PPO18、PPO29和PPO33等多个籽粒PPO活性基因的功能性分子标记被开发,从而为以颜色为目标的小麦品质改良提供了有力的技术支撑。本文综述了小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶的检测方法及其遗传特征,并重点阐述了小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶的基因克隆、等位变异类型及其功能性分子标记研发情况,旨在为我国小麦品质改良及小麦籽粒多酚氧化酶活性的遗传研究提供一定的理论依据和有用信息。 相似文献
11.
大豆脂肪氧化酶同工酶缺失体的苗期叶片超弱发光研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本实验通过测定大豆脂氧酶同工酶缺失体在苗期子叶和真叶的超弱发光变化，研究脂氧酶缺失体类型与叶片超弱发光强度的关系，试图使用苗期叶片等活性材料直接进行同工酶缺失体鉴定成为可能。 相似文献
12.
具不同脂肪氧合酶同工酶的大豆种子提取液漂白β-胡萝卜素的能力差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆种子中含有3种脂肪氧合酶同工酶(Lox1、Lox2和Lox3).以含有不同脂肪氧合酶同工酶大豆品系种子为材料,揭示不同提取和反应条件下,不同品系Lox提取液漂白β-胡萝卜素的特性差异.结果表明:Lox1,Lox2,Lox3,Lox1,2和Lox1,2,3的最适提取液是Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 6.8),而Lox1,3和Lox2,3的最适提取液是磷酸缓冲液(pH6.0).完全漂白β-胡萝卜素所需反应时间长短顺序是Lox1,2,3,Lox3>Lox2,3,Lox1,3>Lox1,Lox2>Lox1,2;在最适反应温度条件下,Lox提取液的漂白能力大小顺序是Lox1,3>Lox1,2,3,Lox2,3>Lox3>Lox1,2,Lox1>Lox2,而在最适pH条件下,Lox提取液的漂白能力大小顺序是Lox1,3,Lox2,3>Lox1,2,3>Lox1,2>Lox2>Lox3>Lox1.随着Lox提取液的放置时间延长,其漂白能力下降.含有Lox3的品系提取液(也就是Lox1,3,Lox2,3和Lox1,2,3的提取液)比不含Lox3或仅含单一同工酶品系的提取液具有更好的漂白能力,说明Lox3是获得高效漂白能力必不可少的同工酶. 相似文献
13.
Marine sediments are characterized by intense degradation of sedimenting organic matter in the water column and near surface sediments, combined with characteristically low temperatures and elevated pressures. Fungi are less represented in the microbial communities of sediments than bacteria and archaea and their relationships are competitive. This results in wide variety of secondary metabolites produced by marine sediment-derived fungi both for environmental adaptation and for interspecies interactions. Earlier marine fungal metabolites were investigated mainly for their antibacterial and antifungal activities, but now also as anticancer and cytoprotective drug candidates. This review aims to describe low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites of marine sediment-derived fungi in the context of their biological activity and covers research articles published between January 2016 and November 2020. 相似文献
14.
Marine microorganisms possess unique metabolic and physiological features and are an important source of new biomolecules, such as biosurfactants. Some of these surface-active compounds synthesized by marine microorganisms exhibit antimicrobial, anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm activity against a broad spectrum of human pathogens (including multi-drug resistant pathogens), and could be used instead of existing drugs to treat infections caused by them. In other cases, these biosurfactants show anti-cancer activity, which could be envisaged as an alternative to conventional therapies. However, marine biosurfactants have not been widely explored, mainly due to the difficulties associated with the isolation and growth of their producing microorganisms. Culture-independent techniques (metagenomics) constitute a promising approach to study the genetic resources of otherwise inaccessible marine microorganisms without the requirement of culturing them, and can contribute to the discovery of novel biosurfactants with significant biological activities. This paper reviews the most relevant biosurfactants produced by marine microorganisms with potential therapeutic applications and discusses future perspectives and opportunities to discover novel molecules from marine environments. 相似文献
15.
Aleksandra Kvetkina Elena Kostina Irina Gladkikh Victoria Chausova Ekaterina Yurchenko Irina Bakunina Mikhail Pivkin Stanislav Anastyuk Roman Popov Margarita Monastyrnaya Emma Kozlovskaya Marina Isaeva Pavel Dmitrenok Elena Leychenko 《Marine drugs》2021,19(12)
The peculiarities of the survival and adaptation of deep-sea organisms raise interest in the study of their metabolites as promising drugs. In this work, the hemolytic, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme-inhibitory activities of tentacle extracts from five species of sea anemones (Cnidaria, orders Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) collected near the Kuril and Commander Islands of the Far East of Russia were evaluated for the first time. The extracts of Liponema brevicorne and Actinostola callosa demonstrated maximal hemolytic activity, while high cytotoxic activity against murine splenocytes and Ehrlich carcinoma cells was found in the extract of Actinostola faeculenta. The extracts of Corallimorphus cf. pilatus demonstrated the greatest activity against Ehrlich carcinoma cells but were not toxic to mouse spleen cells. Sea anemones C. cf. pilatus and Stomphia coccinea are promising sources of antimicrobial and antifungal compounds, being active against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and yeast Candida albicans. Moreover, all sea anemones contain α-galactosidase inhibitors. Peptide mass fingerprinting of L. brevicorne and C. cf. pilatus extracts provided a wide range of peptides, predominantly with molecular masses of 4000–5900 Da, which may belong to a known or new structural class of toxins. The obtained data allow concluding that deep-sea anemones are a promising source of compounds for drug discovery. 相似文献
16.
Shifeng Zhao Yuan He Chungu Wang Israa Assani Peilei Hou Yan Feng Juanjuan Yang Yehua Wang Zhixin Liao Songdong Shen 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Four new purified polysaccharides (PAP) were isolated and purified from the Enteromorpha prolifera by alkali extraction, and further characterization was investigated. Their average molecular weights of PAP-1, PAP-2, PAP-3, and PAP-4 were estimated as 3.44 × 104, 6.42 × 104, 1.20 × 105, and 4.82 × 104 Da, respectively. The results from monosaccharide analysis indicated that PAP-1, PAP-2, PAP-3 were acidic polysaccharides and PAP-4 was a neutral polysaccharide. PAP-1 and PAP-2 mainly consist of galacturonic acid, while PAP-3 and PAP-4 mainly contained rhamnose. Congo red test showed that no triple helical structure was detected in the four polysaccharides. The antioxidant activities were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Superoxide, and 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical assay. In vitro antitumor activities were evaluated by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. PAP-1 exhibited relatively stronger antioxidant activities among the four polysaccharides in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 1.00 mg/mL, the antioxidant activities of PAP-1 on the DPPH radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, and ABTS radical rate at 1.00 mg/mL were 56.40%, 54.27%, and 42.07%, respectively. They also showed no significant inhibitory activity against MGC-803, HepG2, T24, and Bel-7402 cells. These investigations of polysaccharides provide a scientific basis for the use of E. prolifera as an ingredient in functional foods and medicines. 相似文献
17.
Nesrine Gargouch Fatma Elleuch Ines Karkouch Olfa Tabbene Chantal Pichon Christine Gardarin Christophe Rihouey Luc Picton Slim Abdelkafi Imen Fendri Cline Laroche 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from marine microalgae are promising sources of a new generation of drugs. However, lot of them remain to be discovered and tested. In this study, EPS produced by Porphyridium marinum and its oligomers prepared by High Pressure Homogenizer have been tested for different biological activities, i.e., antibacterial, anti-fungal and antibiofilm activities on Candida albicans, as well as for their effects on the viability of murine breast cancer cells. Results have shown that all EPS samples present some biological activity. For antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, the native EPS exhibited a better efficiency with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) from 62.5 µg/mL to 1000 µg/mL depending on the bacterial strain. For Candida albicans, the biofilm formation was reduced by about 90% by using only a 31.3 µg/mL concentration. Concerning breast cancer cells, lower molar masses fractions appeared to be more efficient, with a reduction of viability of up to 55%. Finally, analyses of polymers composition and viscosity measurements were conducted on all samples, in order to propose hypotheses involving the activities caused by the intrinsic properties of polymers. 相似文献
18.
19.
Three new and uncommon chromone analogs, epiremisporine F (1), epiremisporine G (2), and epiremisporine H (3), were isolated from marine-origin Penicillium citrinum. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2–3 remarkably suppressed fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 31.68 ± 2.53, and 33.52 ± 0.42 μM, respectively. Compound 3 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human colon carcinoma (HT-29) and non-small lung cancer cell (A549) with IC50 values of 21.17 ± 4.89 and 31.43 ± 3.01 μM, respectively, and Western blot assay confirmed that compound 3 obviously induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells, via Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 signaling cascades. 相似文献
20.
Giang Nam Pham Da Yeun Kang Min Ju Kim Se Jong Han Jun Hyuck Lee MinKyun Na 《Marine drugs》2021,19(9)
Two undescribed rearranged cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids (1–2), named sinulaketol A-B, together with one new chlorinated steroid (3), one new gorgosterol (4), one known sesquiterpene (5), one known dibromoditerpene (6) and two known polyhydroxylated steroids (7–8) were isolated from the soft coral Sinularia brassica. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations were also determined by the ECD calculations and DP4+ probability analysis. Antileishmanial activity of compounds 1–8 was evaluated in vitro against the amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani, in which compounds 3, 6, and 7 inhibited the growth of L. donovani by 58.7, 74.3, 54.7%, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM. Antimicrobial effect of the isolated compounds were also evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. Compound 6, a brominated diterpene, exhibited antimicrobial effect against S. aureus. 相似文献