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在我国典型果业生产区域的黄土高原、胶东半岛和北京郊区选择11个采样区的99个果园,利用GPS定位仪共采集0~20cm表土样品99份,测定了DDT、六氯苯、七氯、氯丹、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、灭蚁灵和艾氏剂等8种主要POPs残留量,对土壤POPs残留的环境安全性、土壤残留差异性以及区域分布特点进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）果园表层土壤8种POPs残留浓度符合国家土壤环境质量标准,属于环境安全残留;（2）滴滴涕是果园土壤残留分布最广泛和残留量较高的POPs,其次是六氯苯、氯丹和七氯,再其次是狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、灭蚁灵和艾氏剂;（3）果园土壤POPs残留种类多、广泛残留与高残留量地区的共同特征是建园早、园龄长、自然条件好和农业经济较发达。 相似文献
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通过在天津塘沽和宁河地区野外实地采样分析,了解研究区域有机氯农药各异构体在土壤及作物各部位的残留水平,并通过特征比值推测其来源。结果表明,塘沽和宁河地区土壤中六六六的残留浓度均值分别为88.76μg·kg^-1与98.46μg·kg^-1,β-HCH占绝对优势而γ-HCH均未在土壤样品中检出,α-HCH手性分析结果显示为非消旋体,均表明土壤中六六六来自历史残留而非新近输入或林丹的使用。塘沽和宁河地区滴滴涕的残留浓度均值分别为30.87μg·kg^-1与1.30μg·kg^-1,亦来自历史残留,在个别点位可能曾使用过三氯杀螨醇。作物样品中六六六与滴滴涕的含量较高,经对数变换的生物富集系数变化范围分别为0.24～0.73与2.02～2.90。六氯苯、七氯、艾氏剂、异艾氏剂、反式氯丹、顺式氯丹、狄氏剂与异狄氏剂在大部分土壤与作物样品中也有不同程度的检出。 相似文献
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珠三角典型区域土壤有机氯农药（OCPs）多元统计分析——以佛山市顺德区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选取位于珠江三角洲的佛山市顺德区作为研究对象,分析了26个代表性土壤样品中的17种有机氯农药(OCPs)的含量,并对其来源进行分析。结果显示,17种OCPs在26个土壤样品中均有不同程度的检出,个别有机氯农药的检出率达到100%。六六六异构体中β-HCH的残留量最高,可能与β-HCH的结构有关。另外,可能有新的γ-HCH进入土壤环境。六六六和滴滴涕残留较普遍,但残留量均未达到污染水平。根据分析,土壤中滴滴涕农药主要是过去施用农药的残留,近期没有新的滴滴涕农药进入土壤环境。通过主成分分析可以从除七氯环氧化物、硫丹?、p,p’-DDD和p,p’-DDT之外的13种有机氯农药中提取出两个主成分,总方差解释量达到了92.28%。第一主成分主要包括了α-HCH、七氯、艾氏剂、p,p’-DDE、δ-HCH、硫丹Ⅱ等6种农药,这6种农药之间有着明显的相关性;第二主成分主要包括狄氏剂。 相似文献
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选取位于珠江三角洲的惠州市为研究区域,对该市土壤进行了系统采样分析,测定了42个表层土壤样品中的17种有机氯农药的含量。利用多元地统计和GIS相结合的方法,研究了17种有机氯农药的残留状况及空间分布情况。结果表明,17种有机氯农药在42个土壤样品中均有不同程度的检出,其中p,p′-DDE检出率为100%,3种有机氯农药检出率在90%以上,6种有机氯农药的检出率在80%以上。其中六六六和滴滴涕残留较普遍,但并未达到污染水平。分析显示,近期可能仍有新的六六六输入土壤环境,而滴滴涕则主要来自过去施用农药的残留。与国内其他地区比较,惠州市土壤HCH和DDT含量处于较低水平。主成分分析显示上述17种有机氯农药可以由5个主成分反映,分别对应于工业HCH的使用、自然因素、林丹的使用以及七氯和艾氏剂等农药的使用。采用克里格插值法对有机氯农药在研究区的空间分布进行了研究,结果表明不同有机氯农药在研究区分布存在很大差异。 相似文献
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贵州省某市土壤中有机氯残留及风险评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤通报》2015,(1):217-220
运用气相色谱法和生态分析评价法对贵州某市三县区土壤样品中有机氯残留及可能存在的生态风险进行分析。结果显示:该地区土壤中有机氯农药残留以六六六和滴滴涕为主:六六六残留量为ND~4.907μg kg-1,均值为0.303μg kg-1;滴滴涕残留量为0.115~29.900μg kg-1,均值为3.360μg kg-1,滴滴涕均值较六六六高。土壤中有机氯浓度及代谢物表明,滴滴涕和六六六主要来自历史性输入,六氯苯来自大气沉降输入。利用RBCA健康风险评价模型对土壤中有机氯污染物进行评价,结果表明该地区土壤中有机氯对人体健康风险较低。 相似文献
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京杭大运河（徐州铜山段）位于南水北调东线工程路线上,利用GC—ECD检测了该段河流7个断面上的沉积物样品中的有机氯农药含量,主要检测出六六六（HCHs）、滴滴涕（DDTs）、六氯苯等。结果表明,总有机氯农药含量范围是57．80～236．65ng·g^-1,其中HCHs、DDTs的含量较高,分别为12．19-43．08ng·g^-1和3．29-135．08ng·g^-1,从蔺家坝到解台闸沿程沉积物中有机氯农药的含量呈下降的趋势,显示有机氯农药的残留物可能主要来自于农田土壤的残留,并且近期无新的污染源输入。 相似文献
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筛选有机氯农药(六六六和滴滴涕)和多环芳烃作为典型土壤有机污染物,以江西省为例,开展了污染评价、源识别以及健康风险评价研究。结果表明:(1)所有样品中总六六六均未超过我国土壤环境质量二级标准,有8个样品中总滴滴涕超过该标准,另外,7.9%的样品中总多环芳烃超过荷兰土壤环境质量标准中最高允许浓度阈值;(2)接近29%的样品中六六六来自于当前林丹的使用,滴滴涕主要来源于近期输入,而对于多环芳烃而言,其中66%的样品中多环芳烃来源于石油源,34%的样品来源于燃料燃烧;(3)有机氯农药和多环芳烃对人体健康的风险都在可接受的范围内。 相似文献
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定量分析了黄淮海平原典型农业区七个县的129个表层土壤样品中的六六六(HCH)和滴滴涕(DDT)含量以及它们的异构体组成,以全面了解该区域农业土壤中有机氯的当前含量水平和评估其潜在的环境毒害能力。结果表明,所有样品均能检测出不同含量水平的HCHs(HCHs=α-HCH β-HCH γ-HCH δ- HCH),平均为4.01±2.21 pg kgll;DDXs(DDXs=4,4’一DDE 4,4’.DDD 2,4’DDT 4,4’一DDT)的检出率为93%,平均含量为11.16±17.29μgkg-1;所有样品的HCHs均远低于国家规定的土壤环境质量一级标准(50μg kg-1),但有3.1%的样品的DDXs值超过该级标准。与国内的天津、欧洲、美国等农业土壤相比较,黄淮海平原农业土壤的有机氯农药污染现象总体来说并不严重。HCH的4种异构体中,β-HCH含量最高,平均浓度为2.48±1.88μg kg-1;而4,4’-DDE是4种DDT异构体中含量最高的,平均浓度为6.91±13.67μg kg-1。各化合物与土壤有机质之间几乎没有相关性。 相似文献
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S M Dogheim M el-Shafeey A M Afifi F E Abdel-Aleem 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1991,74(1):89-91
Contamination of human milk with residues of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls was studied in a series of investigations concerned with the monitoring of these chemicals in Egyptian food. The DDT complex was the most frequently found pesticide, followed by total hexachlorocyclohexane isomers. Heptachlor and its epoxide, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane were also found but less frequently. Estimated dietary intakes (EDIs) of these contaminants by the breast-fed infants were compared to acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). EDIs of DDT complex, lindane (gamma-HCH), heptachlor + heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane were below ADIs. Dieldrin EDI exceeded the acceptable daily intake. 相似文献
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土壤中持久性有机污染物往往与重金属共存形成混合污染,但过去的研究较少关注它们在土壤中的相互影响。本研究选择典型铜污染区农田,分析了铜不同污染程度的表层土壤中HCB、HCHs与DDTs等持久性有机氯农药的组分及含量。结果表明:DDTs在土壤中的残留量随着土壤铜污染程度的加剧而上升;土壤中铜抑止了DDT向DDE或DDD的转化,DDTs残留量相对较大。供试土壤中持久性有机氯农药含量与有机质之间的相关性分析表明,污染土壤中两者之间的相关性大于未污染土壤,说明铜促进了土壤中的DDTs和HCHs与土壤有机质结合,这可能是导致水田土壤中DDTs的平均含量显著高于旱地和林灌地土壤的原因之一。 相似文献
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金鑫 FredrickOrori Kengar 王芳 谷成刚 杨兴伦 Ulrike Doerfler Reiner Schroll Jean Charles Munch 蒋新 《土壤学报》2017,54(1):108-117
氯代持久性有机污染物的农田土壤污染呈现污染浓度低、面积大、新源污染不断输入的特点。农田土壤本身微生物种类丰富,对氯代有机污染物具有较大的降解潜力和未知性。本试验以典型高氯代和低氯代持久性有机污染物——六氯苯(HCB)和滴滴涕(DDT)为研究对象,结合~(14)C同位素示踪技术,研究HCB和DDT在热带水稻土和甘蔗地土壤的矿化现象,同时监测HCB和DDT在两种土壤中的挥发、降解产物以及结合残留。结果表明,经84 d好氧培养,HCB和DDT在两种土壤中的矿化量分别仅为0.14%和3%,低氯代有机污染物DDT的矿化速率显著高于高氯代有机污染物HCB。然而,两种土壤对HCB或DDT的矿化没有显著性差异。HCB或DDT在水稻土中的挥发量略微高于甘蔗地土壤,两种土壤中HCB和DDT的挥发量在0.1%~0.6%之间,表明挥发不是其主要的环境过程。在DDT污染水稻土和甘蔗地土壤中添加1.25%的堆肥增加了DDT在土壤中的矿化与结合残留,减少了DDT的挥发。本研究结果表明土壤在好氧条件下对氯代持久性有机污染物的自然消解能力非常弱,而有机肥的使用有助于土壤中持久性氯代有机污染物的矿化消除。 相似文献
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Waliszewski SM Carvajal O Infanzon RM Trujillo P Aguirre AA Maxwell M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(23):7045-7050
The organochlorine pesticides are lipophilic and persistent and tend to accumulate in soils and growing plants. The contamination of growing plants occurs by adhesion of volatile substances from the air to the plant surface and by the migration of contaminants through xylem in inner ascendant transport. Persistent organochlorine pesticides (HCB, alpha,gamma-HCH, pp'DDE, op'DDT, pp'DDT) levels were determined in soils and rye plants. The aims of the study were the monitoring of organochlorine pesticide concentrations and the comparison of these levels among soil, rye straw, and rye grains. Fifty soil samples and 50 rye plant (50 straw and 50 grains) samples were taken. The GLC-ECD chromatographic results indicated the following contamination levels distributed among soil, straw, and grains: HCB (0.7-1.2-0.7 microg.kg(-1)), alpha-HCH (0.6-3.4-1.2 microg.kg(-1)), gamma-HCH (1.8-27.3-4.4 microg.kg(-1)), Sigma-HCH (2.5-30.7-5.6 microg.kg(-1)), pp'DDE (1.0-7.8-5.5 microg.kg(-1)), op'DDT (16.1-20.4-17.0 microg.kg(-1)), pp'DDT (38.0-41.7-49.6 microg.kg(-1)), and Sigma-DDT (54.2-63.2-72.1 microg.kg(-1)). The study verified the presence of organochlorine pesticides in the Mexican agricultural environment and their migration from soil to the growing rye plants. However, DDT has been banned since 1999 for sanitary reasons, and Lindane is applied only in some cases as a seed dresser. The determined organochlorine pesticide levels in rye plants are low, at residual levels that are below Codex Alimentarius Commission maximum residue limits. 相似文献
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G. I. Agapkina E. S. Brodskiy A. A. Shelepchikov D. B. Feshin 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2015,70(4):180-186
The vertical distribution pattern of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)) in the urbanozem of the arboretum of the Botanical Garden of Moscow State University at Vorob’evy Gory is studied. The highest contents of DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and HCH isomers in the soil profile are found in the Au humus horizon and/or in the top part of the U technogenic 10–20-cm-thick layer. The greatest HCB content is typical of the U technogenic 20–30-cm-thick layer. The total content of DDT and its metabolites (156.2 mg/kg) in the surface layer is within the range typical of soils of old parks and recreational zones. The residual DDT content in the soil profile is 0.336–1.47 of the maximum permissible content. The ratio between metabolites and isomers of DDT points to its slight transformation (5.67–37.6%) and application as an industrial chemical. The contents of HCB (2.479–5.868 μg/kg) and the total content of HCH isomers (α + β + γ) in the profile of the urbanozem are 1–2 orders of magnitude lower than the maximum permissible contents or approximate permissible contents (0.3824–0.9863 μu/kg) and correspond to their background levels. The ratio between the HCH isomers shows that the transformation rate of the pesticide is rather high and that in the preceding period it was mainly used in the form of lindane. 相似文献
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L. Guzzella 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,99(1-4):245-254
PCB congeners and organochlorine pesticides (DDT, lindane and HCB) distribution were studied in Lake Orta sediments. The results indicated a contaminated area in the nor-them part of the sub-basin. The observed high levels of organochlorine compounds (OCs) may he explained by the focusing phenomenon, ie. the preferential transport of lighter and smaller particles from the emission sources to this area. The PCBs and DDT values were correlated with the organic carbon content and the heavy metal contamination. The toxicity of the sediment samples was related also to PCB content. PCBs and OCs pollution of Lake Orta was of the same order of magnitude as in Lake Como, which is the most contamined lake in Northern Italy. 相似文献
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Suresh Babu G. Farooq M. Ray R. S. Joshi P. C. Viswanathan P. N. Hans R. K. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,144(1-4):149-157
Organochlorine pesticides were used earlier for agricultureproduction. Their residues may still be present in soil and mayaccumulate in food crops, posing potential health problems to consumers. DDT, HCH, their isomers and metabolites were analyzedin samples of soil and rice plants collected from ten differentvillages of a well-known Basmati rice growing area in Dehradun.Residues of both pesticides were found in all samples ofsoil and different parts of rice plants except for a few grainsamples. Maximum residue was observed in husk and minimum ingrains. The average concentration of DDT in soil ranged from0.013 to 0.238 ppm. p,p′-DDE was the major metabolite (>63%). Theaverage concentration of DDT in rice grain varied from 0.002 to 0.040 ppm. o,p′-DDT was the main isomer (>93%). Theaverage concentration of HCH in soil ranged from 0.122 to 0.638 ppm. β-HCH was the predominant (43%) isomerfollowed by α-HCH (21%). The average HCH concentrationin rice grain ranged between 0.013 and 0.113 ppm. All four isomers were present in grains. The levels of DDT and CHCin grains were similar in magnitude as those from differentIndian states, but well below the maximum residue limit of 0.1 ppm for DDT and 0.05 ppm for HCH prescribed by the Government ofIndia and WHO/FAO. As such, the pesticide residue levels in thisexport commodity are not of hazardous nature. 相似文献