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1.
The nutritional value of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) can be improved by the introgression of β-carotene (i.e., provitamin A and/or orange flesh) genes from “Xishuangbanna
gourd” (XIS; Cucumis sativus var. xishuangbannanesis Qi et Yuan) into US pickling cucumber. However, the genetics of β-carotene content has not been clearly defined in this US
market type. Thus, three previous populations derived from a US pickling cucumber (‘Addis’) × XIS mating were evaluated for
β-carotene content, from which the high β-carotene inbred line (S4), ‘EOM 402-10’, was developed. A cross was then made between the US pickling cucumber inbred line ‘Gy7’ [gynoecious, no β-carotene,
white flesh; P1] and ‘EOM 402-10’ [monoecious, possessing β-carotene, orange flesh; P2] to determine the inheritance of β-carotene in fruit mesocarp and endocarp tissue. Parents and derived cross-progenies (F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2) were evaluated for β-carotene content in a greenhouse in Madison, Wisconsin. While F1 and BC1P1 progeny produced mature fruits possessing white, light-green, and green (0.01–0.02 μg g−1 β-carotene) mesocarp, the F2 and BC1P2 progeny mesocarp segregated in various hues of white, green, yellow (0.01–0.34 μg g−1 β-carotene), and orange (1.90–2.72 μg g−1 β-carotene). Mesocarp and endocarp F2 segregation adequately fit a 15:1 [low-β-carotene (0.01–0.34 μg g−1): high-β-carotene (1.90–2.72 μg g−1)] and 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively. Likewise, segregation of carotene concentration in mesocarp
and endocarp tissues in BC1P2 progeny adequately fit a 3:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) and 1:1 (low-β-carotene: high-β-carotene) ratio, respectively.
Progeny segregations indicate that two recessive genes control the β-carotene content in the mesocarp, while one recessive
gene controls β-carotene content in the endocarp. Single marker analysis of F2 progeny using the carotenoid biosynthesis gene Phytoene synthase determined that there was no association between this gene and the observed β-carotene variation in either fruit mesocarp
or endocarp. 相似文献
2.
Hee Ock Boo Jeong Hun Park Hag Hyun Kim Soo Jeong Kwon Sun Hee Woo 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(5):507-514
This study was conducted to investigate cytotoxic effect, phenolic content, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging rate and nitrite scavenging rate from different solvent fractions of Codonopsis lanceolate root. At all extracts concentration, the cytotoxic effect on different fractions against human cancer cells was higher in n-hexane and butyl alcohol fractions than in the other fractions. The IC50 value on HeLa cell showed the lowest by 62.70 μg.mL-1 on n-hexane fraction, and exhibited the values of butyl alcohol fraction 341.36 μg.mL-1, methylene chloride 598.33 μg.mL-1, ethyl acetate fraction 860.44 μg.mL-1, DW fraction 2896.82 μg.mL-1. Total polyphenol content on different solvent fractions varied from 102.43 to 153.52 mg.g-1, and that of ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest amount. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity showed that the increase was proportional to the concentration, and the scavenging activity also showed the highest in ethyl acetate fraction. The nitrite scavenging activity of each fraction at pH 1.2 was in the order of EA > BA > MC > n-H > DW, and the lower the acidity, the higher nitrite scavenging activity, and there was no distinct detection of nitrite scavenging effects of the pH range 6.0. The results of this study suggested that the extract of Codonopsis lanceolate root may assist in the potential biological activities, and it was found that the activity was different depending on the organic solvent fraction and the water fraction. 相似文献
3.
Summary Broad sense heritabilities and gene numbers were estimated for the production of total carotenoids and the major component carotenoids of carrot storage roots: phytoene, ζ-carotene, β-carotene, α-carotene, and lycopene. Two crosses with different backgrounds were evaluated: orange B493 × white QAL and orange Brasilia × dark orange HCM. The HCM (high carotene mass selection), Brasilia and B493 parents had both α-carotene and β-carotene, but HCM had proportionally more α-carotene. Carotene content in F
2 populations ranged from 522 ppm to 1714 ppm in Brasilia × HCM and from 0 to 695 ppm in B493 × QAL progeny. F
2 plants segregating for absence of α-carotene were identified in B493 × QAL. Broad-sense heritabilities ranged from 28% to 48% for all carotenes except lycopene and phytoene where estimates were 44% to 89% in the Brasilia × HCM cross, All heritability values exceeded 88% for the B493 × QAL cross, except one estimate for lycopene. The estimated number of genes was 4 conditioning α-carotene, 2 to 3 each for β-carotene and total carotenes and one each for ζ-carotene, lycopene and phytoene in the orange × dark orange cross. In the orange × white cross, the estimates were 4 genes for α-carotene, 1 to 2 each for lycopene and total carotenes and 1 for each of the other carotenes. These results are in general agreement with QTL studies and they provided evidence for continuous inheritance of α-carotene, β-carotene and total carotenoids in the orange × dark orange cross and discrete inheritance for β-carotene and total carotenoids in the orange × white cross.Part of thesis “Biometrical studies and quantitative trait loci associated with major products of the carotenoids pathway of carrot (Daucus carota L.)” presented by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirement of the PhD degree in Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics, UW-Madison, USA, 2001. 相似文献
4.
An additive-dominance, additive × additive (ADAA) and genotype × environment interaction mix model was used to study the genetic
control of β-carotene and l-ascorbic acid in six basic generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1 and BC1P2) of tomato derived from the cross CDP8779 accession (Solanum lycopersicum L.) × CDP4777 accession (S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The study was performed in two environments: (1) open field; (2) protected environment, consisting of hydroponic cultivation
in a glasshouse. The results indicate that β-carotene accumulation was mainly additive (32.2% of the genetic component), with
a small dominant component (4.2%) and an important additive × environment interaction contribution (63.6%). In target environments
with moderate to high temperatures and no limiting radiation, this the expression additive × environment interaction could
substantially enhance the β-carotene content. This trait showed also a high narrow-sense heritability (h
2 = 0.62). Ascorbic acid accumulation was also mainly additive (61.7% of the genetic component), with a minor additive epistatic
component (21.5%). This epistatic effect caused a negative heterosis that reduced the positive main additive effect. Nevertheless,
in the described target environments, the additive × environment interaction contribution (16.8%) may enhance the ascorbic
acid content and compensate for the negative heterosis effect. The total narrow-sense heritability of this trait can be considered
useful (h
2 = 0.52). In conclusion, the CDP4777 accession is a very interesting donor parent for the joint improvement of β-carotene
(without diminishing lycopene content) and ascorbic acid content in commercial nutraceutical tomato breeding programmes; the
F1 hybrids derived from this accession showed nearly 450% of the commonly reported average β-carotene content and close to 130%
of the ascorbic acid content of the female parent. 相似文献
5.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
6.
A population that consisted of F1 half-sibs and their parents was replicated in field plantings to generate roots to identify AFLP molecular markers and compare
statistical models for selection of trait-linked markers using β-carotene content as the grouping variable. Genotypes were
grouped into high and low β-carotene classes based on hierarchical cluster analysis. Association parameters between the high
and low phenotypic classes of β-carotene and molecular marker profiles were made using logistic regression and discriminant
analysis. Logistic regression selected 8 markers less that were associated with β-carotene content compared to discriminant
analysis. Further analysis showed that logistic regression achieved 100% correct classification with the 9 markers selected
compared to 17 markers that were required by discriminant analysis thus making logistic regression more efficient than discriminant
analysis. Logistic regression based on Frequentist hypothesis testing differs from Bayesian based discriminant analysis. This
difference may account for the percent correct classification observed. 相似文献
7.
夏枯草生殖生长期总黄酮积累规律及抗氧化活性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过测定夏枯草生殖生长期各阶段不同器官的总黄酮含量,揭示夏枯草各器官总黄酮的积累规律。采用70%乙醇超声波提取,后用等体积的乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水萃取,得到乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水提取物,以BHT为对照,研究不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明:夏枯草根、茎、叶中的黄酮含量随着生长进程而升高,至终花期达到最高;花穗中的黄酮含量在花盛期最高;各器官相比,叶中黄酮含量最高。夏枯草不同溶剂提取物及对照BHT清除DPPH.的能力高低次序为:乙酸乙酯提取物>正丁醇提取物>BHT>水提物,清除.OH的能力高低次序为:BHT>乙酸乙酯提取物>正丁醇提取物>水提物,并且不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性与其总黄酮含量呈较显著的相关性。夏枯草总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性,可在夏枯草花终期或果穗干枯期采集叶或全草提炼加工。 相似文献
8.
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) fruit production in U.S. can be improved through the introgression of early fruit maturity (FM) and the enhancement of
fruit color [i.e., quantity of β-carotene (QβC); orange mesocarp]. However, the genetics of FM and QβC have not been clearly
defined in U.S. Western Shipping market class melons (USWS). Thus, a cross was made between the monoecious, early FM Chinese
line ‘Q 3-2-2’ (non-carotene accumulating, white mesocarp) and the andromonecious, comparatively late FM USWS line ‘Top Mark’
(carotene accumulating; orange mesocarp) to determine the inheritance of FM and QβC in melon. Parents and derived cross-progenies
(F1, F2, F3, BC1P1, and BC1P2) were evaluated for FM and QβC at Hancock, Wisconsin over 2 years. Estimates of narrow-sense heritability (h
N2) for QβC and FM as defined by F1, F2, and BC (by individuals) were 0.55 and 0.62, respectively, while estimates based on F3 families were 0.68 and 0.57, respectively for these traits. Mesocarp color segregation (F2 and BC1P2) fit a two gene recessive epistatic model, which in turn, interacts with other minor genes. Although the inheritance of QβC
and FM is complex, introgression (e.g., by backcrossing) of early FM genes resident in Chinese germplasm into USWS market
types is possible. Such introgression may lead to increased yield potential in USWS market types while retaining relatively
high β-carotene fruit content (i.e., orange mesocarp), if stringent, multiple location and early generation family selection
(F3–4) is practiced for FM with concomitant selection for QβC. 相似文献
9.
Yong Kyoung Kim Xiaohua Li Hui Xu Nam Il Park Md Romij Uddin Jong Yeong Pyon Sang Un Park 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2009,12(1):53-57
Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn (tartary buckwheat) is an excellent medicinal and nutrient-rich crop. It has a high content of rutin and other phenolic
compounds. An experiment was conducted to investigate in vitro production of phenolic compounds from hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat. Hairy root growth was promoted by increasing
culture time in MS medium. The highest hairy root growth reached up to 11.2 g/l dry weight at 18 d after placement. Transformation
was confirmed by PCR using rol genes, rol A (304 bp), B (797 bp), C (550 bp), and D (1035 bp) genes which is transferred into hairy roots from the Ri-plasmid in Agrobacterium rhizogenes and is responsible for the induction of hairy root from plant species. Rutin, quercetin, (−) epicatechin, (−) catechin hydrate,
gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid were identified both in hairy and wild type roots of tartary
buckwheat. The main compound found in the both types of root was epicatechin followed by rutin. The concentration of phenolic
compounds in the hairy roots of tartary buckwheat was several-fold higher compared with wild type roots of same species. Our
results indicate that hairy root culture of F. tataricum is a valuable alternative approach for the production of phenolic compounds. 相似文献
10.
为了研究木腐菌中的活性物质,挖掘潜在的药用价值,利用真菌次生代谢物资源,7种木腐菌在大米固体培养基上发酵获得菌丝体及其代谢产物。利用薄层层析(TLC)-生物自显影-MTT法、96孔板液体稀释法和TLC-DPPH法检测了7种木腐菌乙酸乙酯提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性以及抗氧化活性。结果表明：糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)的提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌有抗菌效果,最小抑菌浓度为4.1 mg/mL,其活性组分的比移值（Rf值）为0.85。红缘拟层孔菌(Fomitopsis pinicola)提取物对大肠杆菌表现出明显的抗菌活性,最小抑菌浓度为1.03 mg/mL,其活性组分的Rf值为0.65。同时,红缘拟层孔菌提取物中的3个成分表现出较强的抗氧化活性,桦剥管菌(Piptoporus betulinus)、木蹄层孔菌(Fomes fomentarius)、香栓菌(Trametes suaveolens)提取物中的单一组分也表现出一定的抗氧化活性,其余提取物未表现出DPPH自由基清除能力。以上结果为进一步开发利用木腐菌资源奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
Meenakshi Santra D. K. Santra V. S. Rao S. P. Taware S. A. Tamhankar 《Euphytica》2005,144(1-2):215-221
Despite being one of the important characteristics in determining pasta quality in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum), there is no direct report on inheritance of β-carotene concentration. The objectives of this study were to determine the
inheritance of β-carotene concentration and the number of genes involved in six crosses of durum. For the cross PDW-233 (P1) × Bhalegaon-4 (P2), F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2 populations were developed. For all other crosses, only the F1 and F2 populations were developed. β-carotene concentration was determined for all populations and parents of each cross grown at
Hol, Maharastra, India. The cross PDW-233 × Bhalegaon-4 was also evaluated at Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Low β-carotene concentration
was partially dominant in most of the crosses. Broad sense heritability was 67 and 91% at Dharwad and Hol, respectively, for
the cross PDW-233 × Bhalegaon-4 and varied from 74 to 93% for the other five crosses indicating the presence of additive gene
effects. The frequency distributions of the trait in the F2 populations were not normal and were skewed towards the lower parent. Segregation of β-carotene concentration in the six
F2 populations indicated that at least two major genes and two or three minor genes with modifying effects govern the trait.
Analysis of variance indicated that environment had comparatively little influence on the trait and this should allow for
easy selection. The joint scaling test revealed additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance epistatic
interactions in the cross PDW-233 × Bhalegaon-4.
These authors contributed equally. 相似文献
12.
A. Dolatabadian S. A. M. M. Sanavy & N. A. Chashmi 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(3):206-213
The effects of salt stress on protein (PROT) content, lipid peroxidation, proline accumulation, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activity were studied in the leaves and roots of canola (Brassica napus L. cv. Okapi). Four weeks after sowing (at the V4 stage), plants were exposed to salt stress by the application of NaCl solution (200 mm ) for 6 days daily, After 6 days followed by foliar application of ascorbic acid (AsA) solution (25 mm ). The activity of all the antioxidant enzymes assayed (except SOD in the roots) was increased significantly in the plants under conditions of salt stress. The application of AsA decreased enzyme activity in the leaves, but it had no effect on enzyme activity in the roots. The total PROT content of the leaves and roots decreased under the conditions of high salinity. AsA treatment of plants under salt stress increased the total PROT content significantly in both leaves and roots. Measurement of the malondialdehyde content of leaves and roots showed that lipid peroxidation was increased by interaction with damaging reactive oxygen species during salt stress, and that application of AsA reduced lipid peroxidation only in the leaves. The Chl content was also affected by salt stress. There was significant difference between the controls and salt‐stress treatments in Chl content. The results of the present study indicate that usage of AsA reduces the harmful effects of salinity and increases resistance to salinity in canola plant. 相似文献
13.
Kyung Jun Lee Kyung-Ho Ma Yang-Hee Cho Jung-Ro Lee Jong-Wook Chung Gi-An Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(3):205-212
Total polyphenol content (TPC), total phenolic acid content (TPA), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were determined by colorimetric methods. Antioxidant effects were evaluated with the DPPH, ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power (RP), and SOD assays. TPC, TPA, and TFC in the 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces ranged from 1.1 to 11.7 mg gallic acid equivalents/g, 0.37 to 5.03 mg caffeic acid equivalents/g, and 0.17 to 0.91 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. Antioxidant activities as assessed by the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, PR, and SOD assays showed wide variation, ranging from 12.2 to 86.3 (IC50), 0.85 to 5.25 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (ASC)/g, 0.41 to 5.44 mg ASC/g, 0.54 to 1.83 mg ASC/g, and 60.4 to 142.8 (IC50), respectively. Using the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), we found that the IT189394 had the highest antioxidant activity. In clustering analysis, 209 Korean adzuki bean landraces were classified into three clusters. Among them, cluster I contained 22 landraces with higher antioxidant activities, TPC, TFC, and TPA and smaller seed sizes than the other clusters. We anticipate that these results will provide useful information for the development of adzuki bean-based functional foods. 相似文献
14.
傣族药竹叶兰不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究竹叶兰提取物不同极性部位的体外抗氧化活性,采用不同极性有机溶剂萃取法将竹叶兰提取物分为氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相等4个不同极性部位。分别测定其活性物质多酚、黄酮、皂苷含量,考察其对羟自由基（?OH）和脂质过氧化能力的抑制活性的抗氧化活性研究,并且与芦丁进行对照研究。结果表明竹叶兰不同部位提取物均有抗氧化活性,呈显著剂量效应关系;其抗氧化效果因反应体系的不同而不同,且不同极性部位抗氧化活性稍微有点差异。相同质量浓度的氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相与芦丁相比略高于芦丁对照,水相则低于相同质量浓度的对照。竹叶兰提取物的四种不同极性溶剂提取物中乙酸乙酯相的抗氧化作用最强。 相似文献
15.
比较地榆不同部位总三萜的含量,测定地榆不同部位总三萜的抗氧化活性,为进一步开发和利用地榆资源提供科学支撑。以地榆的根、茎和叶为作为试验的研究对象,测定其不同部位的总三萜含量,采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基(DPPH·)法测定地榆不同部位中总三萜抗氧化活性,Vc作为阳性对照。结果表明,地榆根、茎、叶中总三萜的含量分别是3.06 mg/g、3.93 mg/g、3.81 mg/g。地榆茎中总三萜含量最高。体外抗氧化试验结果表明,地榆不同部位对DPPH·的清除能力大小为:茎>根>叶>Vc。地榆茎中总三萜对于DPPH·的清除能力最强,地榆总三萜含量与抗氧化活性呈显著正相关,表明地榆总三萜的抗氧化活性与三萜的含量有关。本研究表明地榆中不同部位中总三萜的含量和抗氧化活性有显著差别,为地榆不同部位的合理应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
16.
Ningthoujam Sandhyarani Rajkumar Kishor Gurumayum Jitendra Sharma 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(3):213-217
Acorus calamus is an important medicinal plant which has been used in Indian traditional medicine since time immemorial. Various bioactive
molecules, viz., acorin, α- and β-asarone, asaryldehyde, caryophylene, isoasarone, methylisoeugenol, and safrol have been isolated from this
plant. However, the use of this plant for medicinal purpose has been recently banned due to the high toxic property of β-asarone.
The triploid Acorus calamus is reported to be low in β-asarone content and thus found to be the ideal raw material for medicinal use. The present investigation
represents our finding for successful in vitro clonal propagation of the elite triploid accessions of Acorus calamus for mass propagation. In the dual-phase culture system consisting of agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium overlaid
by liquid fraction of the same medium, maximum multiple shoot induction was favored by supplementation of α-naphthaleneacetic
acid (0.5 mg L−1) and 6-benzylaminopurine (2.0 mg L−1). In vitro rooting of the microshoots was maximum in the medium supplemented with indolebutyric acid at 2.0 mg L−1. The well-rooted microshoots could be successfully hardened and transplanted in the field. This result can be reproduced
and is a viable protocol for successful clonal propagation of the seedless triploid Acorus calamus for conservation and sustainable development. 相似文献
17.
We reported earlier that somaclonal variant HS (HS), regenerated from Prunus avium `Hedelfinger’ (H) leaf explants, showed reduced apical dominance both in vitro and in vivo. In this report we found that
the somaclone HS, showed reduced vegetative vigour as determined by trunk circumference and tree height nevertheless natural
architecture of the tree was preserved. HS canopy was less crowded as to compare to H and leaves were shorter with a shorter
petiole, they were better spaced out as indicated by internodes length. HS had a significantly thinner cuticle and wax layer
compared to H leaves surface. Histological analysis of leaves also showed that HS had thicker mesophyll and palisade the latter
composed of more than one layer which, together with increased stomatal density, are distinguishing signs of extensive exposure
of leaves to sun. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content did not differ between H and HS, β-carotene content was slightly
lower in HS leaves. However no significant differences were found between the two genotypes in terms of net photosynthesis,
intercellular CO2 concentration, leaf transpiration and water use efficiency. HS flowered 1-year later than H and number of flowers was reduced.
Fruit size, shape, skin colour change during the ripening process and the main parameters of fruit quality as assessed in
the wild type and the somaclone were basically the same. 相似文献
18.
袁永成 《农产品加工．学刊》2012,(2):53-56
采用超声提取山楂粗黄酮,并测定了山楂粗黄酮对DPPH清除能力、总还原能力和β-胡萝卜素的漂白能力,结果表明,山楂粗黄酮具有良好的抗氧化活性,并且其抗氧化能力呈现出明显的剂量依赖关系,可作为一种新型的天然抗氧化剂。选取大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉、米曲霉等5种菌种对山楂粗黄酮进行体外抑菌试验,结果表明,山楂粗黄酮对细菌有较强的抑制作用,而对于霉菌则效果不明显。山楂粗黄酮对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌质量浓度分别为3.125,1.562 5,3.125 mg/mL,最低致死质量浓度分别为6.25,3.125,6.25 mg/mL。因此,山楂粗黄酮可以作为一种理想的抑菌添加剂使用。 相似文献
19.
The effect of 0, 0.05 or 0.1 mm abscisic acid treatment on chilling tolerance and salicylic acid‐related responses was investigated in young maize seedlings (Zea mays L., hybrid Norma). Although the pre‐treatment of maize seedlings with abscisic acid slightly decreased the chlorophyll content, it also reduced the level of chilling injury caused by 6 days of cold treatment at 5 °C. Under normal growth conditions, increased levels of bound salicylic acid and of bound ortho‐hydroxycinnamic acid were observed in the leaves during abscisic acid treatment. In the roots, abscisic acid did not affect the free and bound salicylic acid levels, but increased the amount of free and bound ortho‐hydroxycinnamic acid. The activity of glutathione‐S‐transferase increased on the 3rd day of abscisic acid treatment, whereas it did not change when followed by cold stress, compared with the control leaves. In the roots, the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione‐S‐transferase and ascorbate peroxidase increased during the abscisic acid treatment, and those of glutathione‐S‐transferase and ascorbate peroxidase were also stimulated when abscisic acid pre‐treatment was followed by cold stress, compared with the control roots. Our results suggest that an overlap may exist between the abscisic acid‐induced cold acclimation and the salicylic acid‐related stress response. 相似文献
20.
Summary Isoenzyme analysis has been demonstrated as an effective tool for definitive identification of plant cultivars, but it has not been applied to pasture bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars in the USA. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was used to study five isoenzyme systems in mitochondrial, microsomal, and soluble cell fractions of actively growing leaves, stems, and roots of seven vegetatively-propagated pasture bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) cultivars used in the southern half of the USA. Peroxidase, esterase, and, with one exception, acid phosphatase successfully differentiated between the cultivars in all leaf and stem cell fractions. Fewer cultivar differences were found for amino- and endo-peptidases. Only peroxidase and acid phosphatase were resolved from root cell fractions; and only the microsomal fraction differentiated between all cultivars. Within plant parts, cultivars were distinguishable on the basis of peptidase banding in some cellular fractions, but not in others. Plant part and subcellular fraction-specific isoenzyme variations suggest the existence of multiple molecular forms of various enzymes within the same plant.Journal Article 5746 of the Okla. Agric. Exp. Stn. 相似文献