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根据多年栽培试验,应用植物疫苗可以提高地温、活化土壤养分、改良土壤,提高番茄植株的抗性,减少农药、化肥使用量,促进棚室番茄植株生长,提高品质,产量增加24.75%,每公顷增收6.8万元,增收幅度高达23.0%,使用植物疫苗在冬棚西红柿生产上有着广阔的前景。 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌对矿质养分活化作用研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）与大多数植物能够建立互惠共生体系,提高植物对水分和养分吸收,促进植物生长。AMF与植物共生可促进矿质养分活化释放,提高土壤养分生物有效性,改善植物营养状况。AMF与植物共生加速了玄武岩、长石、花岗岩、磷酸盐等矿物的风化速度,促进养分从矿物中析出;AMF与植物共生促进了土壤中磷素以及其他矿质元素活化,从而促进植物生长。AMF活化土壤养分的机理主要是能形成强大的菌丝网络,菌丝桥传递矿质养分;分泌多种酶类,参与土壤养分酶解;分泌有机酸,降低土壤pH值,活化土壤吸附及固持的养分;促进土壤微生物活性,调控养分转运蛋白等。AMF活化矿质养分受到矿物土壤类型、菌根真菌和共生植物种类及碳源分配等因素影响。AMF生物技术是显著提高退化土壤生态恢复的一种潜在机制。今后应大力开展丛枝菌根真菌对矿质养分活化作用的机制研究,对退化土壤高效菌种进行筛选,加强微生物肥料研究。 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(8)
Plant secondary metabolites play vital role in plant stress response. In this study we investigated whether root colonization of tomato(Solanum lycopersicum) infected by Trichoderma harzianum leads to alterations in the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites including phytohormones and osmolyte proline under drought stress. Exposure of tomato to drought caused a drastic decline in plant growth and physiological parameters. Tomato inoculated with T. harzianum showed increased root and shoot growth and chlorophyll pigments as compared to uninoculated controls as well as drought stressed plants. Proline and total soluble protein content was increased in plants inoculated with T. harzianum under both normal as well as drought conditions. An obvious increase in phenol and flavonoid content was observed due to T. harzianum. In addition, T. harzianum inoculated plants maintained higher levels of growth regulators indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and gibberellic acid under drought stress. Improved secondary metabolites which play an important role in plant stress tolerance by T. harzianum may have coordinately worked for bringing the growth regulation by protecting membranes from reactive oxygen species(ROS) and enhance plant growth through accessing more nutrients by root system. 相似文献
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植物营养学是研究植物吸收、转运和利用营养物质规律,探讨植物与外界环境之间交换营养物质与能量的科学,是支撑农业高产、高效、优质、生态安全及可持续发展的重要基础学科之一。近二十年来,中国植物营养学研究秉承“学科交叉、瞄准前沿、强化基础、应用优先、立地顶天”的发展理念,在植物营养生物学、植物-土壤-微生物互作、养分资源管理、养分再利用与污染控制、以及可持续农业研究等诸多领域取得了显著进展。植物营养学科未来将积极应对中国粮食安全、农产品品质安全、资源与生态环境安全的重大挑战,为“乡村振兴、绿色发展”的国家重大需求做出重要贡献。 相似文献
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重金属致植物矿质营养元素代谢异常的生理效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重金属胁迫会导致植物体细胞的矿质营养元素缺乏、代谢过程紊乱,甚至可引起植物的死亡。综述了重金属导致植物体的某些矿质元素代谢异常的生理效应。 相似文献
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不同营养液对3种观叶植物的水培效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]筛选出效果最佳、价格低廉的营养液配方。[方法]在传统组培配方的基础上,精减配制3种水培营养液。选择袖珍椰子、吊兰、吉祥草3种观叶植物,采用水培技术,观察比较3种水培营养液对3种观叶植物的生长影响。[结果]3种观叶植物在不同的营养液中生长情况不一样,每种观叶植物均有一种最适宜其生长的营养液。营养液C中的吉祥草、吊兰均生长良好;营养液A中的袖珍椰子生长良好,吊兰在营养液A中生长较差,吉祥草在营养液B中生长较差。[结论]在营养液浓度的适当范围内,含有矿质营养元素Fe螯合态的营养液较利于植物的吸收,有利于观叶植物的生长。 相似文献
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园艺作物VA菌根研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了近年来国内外有关VA菌根对园艺作物生长发育，矿质营养吸收，抗逆性（干旱，盐碱害，非节律性变温）及抗病性4个方面影响的研究现状，展望了VA菌根在园艺作物上的应用前景。 相似文献
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合理的间作套种可以提高作物产量,减轻农作物病虫害的发生.间套作系统中关于作物养分吸收利用的特征,特别是在大量元素氮磷钾方面的研究、以及间套作系统中土壤养分的迁移变化特征及其对土壤肥力和培肥的影响前人已有大量的研究,本文综述的近年来的有关工作.同时阐述了矿质营养与病虫害发生的关系,并针对目前间套作系统中养分与病虫害关系研究的空白,提出今后的研究应加强间作系统中养分与病虫害控制方面的研究. 相似文献
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The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Reactive Oxyradical Scavenging System of Tomato Under Salt Tolerance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF）, Glomus mosseae, on oxygen radical scavenging system of tomato under salt stress were studied in potted culture experiments. The response of tomato （Lycopersieon eseulentum L.） cultivar Zhongza 9 seedlings with AMF inoculation and control to salt stress （0, 0.5 and 1.0% NaCl solution, respectively） was investigated. The results showed that the salt stress significantly reduced the dry matter content of roots, stems and leaves, and also the leaf area as compared with the control treatment. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal-inoculated （AM） significantly improved the dry matter and the leaf area in the salt-stressed plants. The effect of AMF on dry matter was more pronounced in aerial bromass than in root biomass which might be due to AM colonization. The activities of SOD, POD, ASA-POD, and CAT in leaves and roots of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal treatment of tomato plants were increased and had different rules under different NaCl concentrations （solution of 0, 0.5 and 1% NaCl）, but all enzymes had a rise in the beginning of treatment under salt stress conditions. The AMF did not change the rule of tomato itself under salt stress, but AMF increased these enzyme activities in different levels. The AMF treatment significantly increased SOD, POD and ASA-POD activities in leaves and roots, whereas it had little effects on CAT in root. O2- production rate and MDA content in leaves increased continuously, which showed a positive line correlation with salt stress concentration. O2- production rate and MDA content in tomato plants significantly decreased by AM treatment compared with nonmycorrhizal treatment. In conclusion, AM could alleviate the growth limitations imposed by saline conditions, and thereby play a very important role in promoting plant growth under salt stress in tomato. 相似文献
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《农业科学与技术》2015,(8)
Tomato seedlings were grown in substrate culture with pots. The formulation of Holland Greenhouse Horticulture Research Institute was used(as CK) and the effects of different Ca concentrations(LCa, CK and HCa)on growth, yield, and fruit quality(protein, Vitamin C, nitrates, organic acid and soluble sugar) of tomato were studied keeping concentrations of other nutrients unchanged in the nutrient solution. The results showed that parameters related to the growth of tomato(plant height and Stem diameter), changes of tomato yield per plant and quality of tomato fruits were the highest when the plants were grown at 20% Ca treatments. In the second study, increased EC concentrations of nutrient solution resulted in stronger plants with improved yields and quality. Four different concentration gradients of nutrient solution treatment were designed based on the results of the first research stage(EC=1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 m S/cm, respectively). The single tomato plant had the highest production which is 2 268.994 g/plant, when the nutrient solution strength was at EC=1.5 m S cm, whereas they have the best fruit quality when the solution strength at EC 4.5 m S/cm. This suggests the need for wide popularization of the nutrient solution formula in large areas to improve the tomato production. 相似文献
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大量研究表明,VA菌根能够改善水分运输,抵抗水分胁迫,提高抗旱性能。综述了VA菌根在正常水分状况下促进寄主植物对水分的吸收,在水分胁迫条件下VA菌根有利于寄主植物生长、改善水分代谢、影响调节物质和提高苗木成活率。VA菌根改善植物水分答谢的可能机制:1菌根扩大了寄主根系的吸收面积;2刺激内源激素进行调节;3增强寄主对矿质营养的吸收;4菌根菌丝形成的特殊水分运输通道;5菌根菌丝的直接吸收作用和菌根间接调节生理作用的双重机制。 相似文献
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兰考泡桐幼苗稳态矿质营养比较研究 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：11
通过在温室内对兰考泡桐实生幼苗营养的试验.结果表明,稳态营养能按指数增长地供应营养物;幼苗每天相对生长速率、生物量增加及其分配、营养物利用率等均明显地优于传统营养.揭示出稳态营养为生理学及生态生理学深入研究提供了必要条件和手段,为施肥研究开辟了新途径. 相似文献
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SLPIN6基因是番茄PIN家族一员,番茄PIN家族是一类生长素运输体蛋白家族,调控生长素极性运输.研究表明,干旱胁迫改变植物生长素极性运输平衡,影响植物抗旱性.团队前期研究发现SLPIN6基因在干旱胁迫时表达量显著上调,可能参与番茄植株抗旱应答调控.为进一步明确该基因抗旱调节功能,试验采用VIGS方法对SLPIN6基因作沉默处理,通过观察番茄植株抗旱表型及测定抗逆生理指标变化,发现SLPIN6基因沉默后番茄植株与对照相比,沉默番茄植株萎蔫程度加重,抗逆生理指标差异明显,表明SLPIN6基因参与番茄抗旱应答调控,具有抗旱调节功能. 相似文献
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植物抵抗病虫草害的能力与其营养水平密切相关。文章综述了矿质元素与植物抗病虫草害关系及机理研究方面的最新进展,阐述了矿质元素的含量、比例及生理活性等因素对植物抗(感)病虫草害的影响,为从营养角度治理病虫草害的深入研究与实际应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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E. N. Baranova E. K. Serenko T. I. Balachnina A. A. Kosobruhov L. V. Kurenina A. A. Gulevich A. N. Maisuryan 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2010,36(4):242-249
Introduction of the FeSOD gene enhanced the stability of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants to the action of oxidative stress caused by UV irradiation.
The expression of Arabidopsis thaliana FeSOD gene, targeting the enzyme in chloroplasts due to a signal sequence, leaded to significant changes in ultrastructure of cell
subcompartments of tobacco and tomato leaves. The activity of superoxide dismutase in leaves of transgenic tomato plants exceeded
the value of activity of this enzyme of control plants. Transgenic tobacco plants showed increasing in SOD activity compared
with control non-transgenic tobacco. The activity of AP in the leaves of transgenic tobacco and tomato plants was similar
with that of control non-transgenic plants, but activity of one accession of transgenic tomato, which is also characterized
by high values of SOD activity, exceeded the value of control plant. Differences in ultrastructural organization of chloroplasts
in the cells of transgenic and control tobacco and tomato plants have been manifested in a strong enlargement in the size
of plastoglobuli. These distinctions were evident especially in the cells of the leaf parenchyma of transgenic tomato as well
as transgenic tobacco. Also, a quantity of starch grains in the plastids of guard cells was increased. Chloroplasts in the
cells of leaf parenchyma in transgenic plants contained less a starch grains than in wild-type plants. 相似文献