Although synthetic pesticides are still used to control insect pests, greater efforts have been made to develop healthier and more environmentally friendly pesticides. Because of their insecticidal properties, botanical essential oils (EOs) are considered as promising alternatives to the use of synthetic insecticides. However, little is known about mechanisms underlying the insecticidal activity of most these natural compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the contact toxicity and the modes of action of the EO from Mentha arvensis against the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a cosmopolitan insect pest that causes extensive damage to stored cereals. M. arvensis EO caused high contact toxicity in S. granarius adults, resulting in a rapid paralysis and rapid alteration of walking behavior. Our label-free quantitative proteomics approach revealed that M. arvensis EO induced dramatic physiological changes in exposed insects. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were upregulated and are related to the development and functioning of the muscular and nervous systems, cellular respiration, protein synthesis, and detoxification. These results suggest that M. arvensis essential oil is capable of affecting a variety of biological processes, and shed light on the repair mechanisms put in place in surviving insects to counter the damage inflicted. This work opens new perspectives on the proposed mechanisms of insecticidal activity of a promising EO for controlling pests of stored cereals and may represent a first step in the development of novel bio-rational insecticides.
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空间两轴垂直交叉的RSSR曲柄摇杆机构和RSSP曲柄滑块机构,是空间连杆机构中应用最广泛的四连杆机构。本文运用拓扑变换原理,对RSSR和RSSP这两种机构,按极限位置和行程速比的综合进行了分析研究。导出了其尺寸参数的计算公式,并提出了电子计算机辅助设计和绘图的程序框图,以定量的方法分析设计机构的可动性,这一方法具有图文并茂,形数结合,结论准确,容易理解等特点,编成软件后,使用极其方便。因而,是一种较为理想的方法。可供有条件的单位应用。 相似文献
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本文运用拓扑变换原理,对空间四杆机构的可动性进行了分析研究。得出了含两个球面副的RSSR、RSSP以及含一个球面副的RSRC、RSCR等空间四杆机构的能装配成机构的最大和最小连杆长度的清晰解答。並得出了能用F·格拉肖夫(Grashof)思想表示的机构曲柄存在条件。这是分析空间连杆机构的一种新方法。 相似文献
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本文较详细地论述了应用拓扑变换原理,进行空间四连杆机构的极限位置和曲柄存在条件的分析,以及实现给定极限位置的机构进行尺度综合的图解法。通过对空间RSSR和RSSP四连杆机构的分析表明,采用这种图解法作图简便,构图清晰,形象直观,容易掌握,是分析综合空间连杆机构的新方法。 相似文献
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提出了一种按照传动角设计尺寸和最小的双曲柄机构设计新方法,并将这种方法推广到最佳传动双曲柄机构设计中。本方法可直接给出解析解,避免了优化计算。 相似文献
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偏置双曲柄滑块机构不仅具有k>3的超急回运动特性,而且具有可变急回运动特性,机构中各构件尺寸一定时,仅仅改变其相对安装位置,便可获得不同的行程速比系数。本文分析偏置双曲柄滑块机构的急回运动特性,给出了按最小传动角设计偏置双曲柄滑块机构的设计方法和设计曲线。 相似文献
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《山东林业科技》2014,(2)
中国古典园林在世界园林中占据着举足轻重的地方,看到古人们留下的一座座鬼斧神工的作品,无不让我们佩服他们的智慧。而其创作的过程与方法往往是我们园林设计师最为关注的。古典园林设计分析方法的传承往往都是经验性转述与文字性描绘,而对于计算机辅助设计介入后的新园林时代,新形式设计分析过程与方法的探究还有很大空间。本文就园林各阶段设计分析方法的加以整理分析,同时对20世纪以来计算机辅助设计手段介入以后的园林设计分析过程加以总结,对比中西方各阶段设计分析方法,最终确定了Ecotect Analysis为基础的园林场景分析的重要性和分析过程,为园林设计分析过程提供一种新的分析方法。 相似文献
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基于TRIZ理论,分析了将曲柄滑块机构演化为正弦机构、间歇运动的导槽机构、等径凸轮机构和液压伺服控制机构的演化过程,提出了各演化过程所应用的TRIZ理论方法,总结了机构创新所遵循的TRIZ理论进化法则,为机构创新提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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Dejan Marcic 《Journal of pest science》2012,85(4):395-408
This review focuses on biological profiles of contemporary acaricides, acaricide resistance, and other up-to-date issues related to acaricide use in management of plant-feeding mites. Over the last two decades a considerable number of synthetic acaricides emerged on the global market, most of which exert their effects acting on respiration targets. Among them, the most important are inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport at complex I (METI-acaricides). Discovery of tetronic acid derivatives (spirodiclofen and spiromesifen) introduced a completely new mode of action: lipid synthesis inhibition. Acaricide resistance in spider mites has become a global phenomenon. The resistance is predominantly caused by a less sensitive target site (target site resistance) and enhanced detoxification (metabolic resistance). The major emphasis in current research on acaricide resistance mechanisms deals with elucidation of their molecular basis. Point mutations resulting in structural changes of target site and leading to its reduced sensitivity, have recently been associated with resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch and other spider mites. The only sustainable, long-term perspective for acaricide use is their implementation in multitactic integrated pest management programs, in which acaricides are applied highly rationally and in interaction with other control tactics. Considering that the key recommendation for effective acaricide resistance management is reduction of the selection for resistance by alternations, sequences, rotations, and mixtures of compounds with different modes of action, the main challenge that acaricide use is facing is the need for new active substances with novel target sites. Besides implementation of advanced technologies for screening and design of new synthetic compounds, wider use of microbial and plant products with acaricidal activity could also contribute increased biochemical diversity of acaricides. 相似文献
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建立了一个复合机构构成的椭圆形状专用加工机构,并建立复合机构各点的数学模型和运动轨迹的理论推导.利用VB6.0作为开发工具,编制了仿真软件,并对该椭圆机构进行了运动仿真和仿真结果分析,直观地看到它的运动轨迹和参数变化曲线.通过仿真选择正确的设计参数和获得某些必要的工作性能参数,极大地提高了椭圆锯切机的设计进度. 相似文献
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Ethical Dimensions of Payment for Forest Environmental Services 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The market-based incentive mechanism of payments for forest environmental services （PFES） seeks to capture part of the benefits derived from forest environmental services and channels them to forest resource owners/managers who generate these services, thus increases their incentives to conserve and manage forest resources. This paper examines some of the most important ethical issues entailed by PFES mechanism. The analysis shows that PFES may not always benefit the poor due to the comparative disadvantages of the poor and the complicated characteristics of forest ecosystem services. It is important and urgent to take ethical dimensions into account in the PFES approaches and design and develop the propoor payment mechanism in order to achieve the two objectives of forest conservation and economic development. 相似文献
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刀片安装机构在削片机中占有很重要的位置,合理可靠的结构可以使刀片安装调试便捷,加工可靠,提高生产效率和木片质量.通过对当前使用较多的几种刀片安装机构的分析,找出它们的结构特性,为削片机的设计提供理论上的依据. 相似文献
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Renoz François Demeter Sébastien Degand Hervé Nicolis Stamatios C. Lebbe Olivier Martin Henri Deneubourg Jean‐Louis Fauconnier Marie-Laure Morsomme Pierre Hance Thierry 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):381-395
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Kraft pulp bleaching effluent supplemented with glucose was decolorized by a newly isolated fungusGeotrichum candidum Dec 1 (Dec 1) that showed a wide decolorizing spectrum to synthetic dyes. When the glucose concentration in the effluent was 30 g/l, the color removal and the reduction of absorbable organic halogens were 78% and 43% after 7 days culture, respectively. The average molecular weight of colored substances measured by gel filtration chromatography was lowered to less than 3000 from 5600 after 7 days culture. As the contribution of extracellular enzymes such as peroxidase (DyP), manganese peroxidase, and laccase to the decolorization of the kraft pulp bleaching effluent was small, Dec 1 appears to have a different mechanism of decolorizing kraft pulp bleaching effluent when compared with enzymes used to decolorize synthetic dyes. 相似文献
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