共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
提高马铃薯双单倍体花药培养产生胚状体及再生植株频率的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用三种不同温度前处理和三种培养基相配合对７个从双单倍体马铃薯中随机抽取的品系进行了花药培养，选择出了较好的培养基和前处理的适宜温度及方法，从双单倍体花药中忸产生胚状体及再生植株频率有所提高达２７．５％和８．８％。倍性鉴定表明，从双单倍体诱导的胚状体分人的植株绝大多数为二倍体。而且多数为纯合体，说明这些胚状体来自己减数的配子，可能是由在胚状体发育过程中的体细胞染色体加倍形成的。 相似文献
2.
甘蓝型油菜小孢子单倍体二倍化技术的研究 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
采用6种方法系统研究甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus)品系（种）及杂种的小孢子再生苗单倍体染色体加倍技术。结果表明，单倍体苗接种含70－80mg/L秋水仙碱的培养基处理4－5d，植株染色体加倍率50％以上；单倍体小苗移栽前用1－2g/L秋水仙碱液浸泡处理3－6h，加倍率50％以上，由这些方法产生的加倍植株大多是可育花和不育花共生的嵌合体，每株产生的种子很少。分离的小孢子在含10－50mg/L秋水仙三的NLN培养基中处理48h后，接种无秋水仙碱NLN培养基诱导胚状体，再生植株加倍率80％以上，全株的花均能自交结籽，嵌合植株很少。 相似文献
3.
利用小麦与玉米远缘杂交诱导小麦双单倍体的研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）与玉米（Zea mays L．）进行远缘杂交，通过玉米染色体的消失而获得小麦单倍体胚，再经幼胚离体培养及染色体加倍诱导双单倍体（Double haploid，DH），是小麦单倍体育种的一种重要途径，用这种方法创建的DH群体是进行小麦分子标记研究和QTL分析的重要遗传材料。本文对DH群体创建过程中影响单倍体胚产生、单倍体及双单倍体植株形成等因素以及双单倍体的应用进行了综述，重点探讨了亲本选配原则、花期调节技术、2，4-D处理、玉米花粉和小麦柱头发育状况以及环境因素等对诱导单倍体胚效果的影响等方面的研究状况，同时对利用小麦与玉米杂交诱导小麦双单倍体技术进行了展望。 相似文献
4.
离本培养橡胶树体细胞诱导纯多倍性无性系方法的研究初报 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
研究结果表明，用０．５％的秋水仙素处理橡胶树二倍体花劳逸结合本细胞愈伤组织（浸泡或滴渍）１ｄ可有效地从多倍性的细胞再分化成多倍性胚状体并再生植株。所诱导培育获得的多倍胚状体及植株，通过细胞学鉴定表明具有多倍体表型特征的，其体细胞染色体数为２ｎ＝７２，未见嵌合现象，对照的２ｎ＝３６。 相似文献
5.
小麦×玉米产生单倍体及双单倍体研究进展 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体是一种新的单倍体产生途径,近年来研究进展很快。本文就影响单倍体胚产生频率的因素、幼胚离体培养及双单倍体植株产生三个方面论述了小麦×玉米方法的最新研究进展。 相似文献
6.
小麦×玉米产生单倍体及双单倍体研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
小麦与玉米杂交产生小麦单倍体是一种新的单倍体产生途径,近年来研究进展很快。本文就影响单倍体胚产生频率的因素、幼胚离体培养及双单倍体植株产生三个方面论述了小麦×玉米方法的最新研究进展。 相似文献
7.
马铃薯花药培养在马铃薯育种实践中具有重要的意义。现以杂交圃中77份亲本材料为试验材料,对花药高温前处理、培养基和基因型等因素进行了试验。结果表明:马铃薯花药培养对基因型有很大依赖性,不同基因型马铃薯愈伤诱导率范围是0.16%～9.50%,胚状体发生率范围是0.31%～15.63%。克97G8-4、讷16和白俄3的植株再生率范围为12.00%～23.08%,其余全部没有分化出植株。倍性鉴定表明:双单倍体的发生率为93.75%。诱导培养基以MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA+1.0 mg·L-12,4-D+1.0 mg·L-1 KT+0.5%活性炭+100 mg·L-1 AgNO3,即③号效果最好,植株分化培养基以MS+4.0 mg·L-1 GA3+2.0 mg·L-1 ZT+30 mg·L-1蔗糖+0.7%琼脂,即②号效果较好。高温预处理对胚状体的发生有利。 相似文献
8.
9.
小麦与玉米杂交产生单倍体频率的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
试验采用三种玉米类型,两个Ｆ２小麦杂交组合,研究不同玉米类型对小麦单倍体胚产生频率的影响,结果表明,５个普通玉米组合胚产生频率在３．７５％－７．０２％之间（平均为５．６５％）,４个粘玉米组合在３．４８％－８．１０％之间（平均为６．５４％）,４个甜玉米组合为６．６７％－１１．３６％（平均为８．７０％）。不同类型的玉米对小麦单倍体胚的产生具有基因型差异,甜玉米〉粘玉米〉普通玉米,用１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的２ 相似文献
10.
花生体胚诱导和植株再生研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在含２０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２，４－ Ｄ ＭＳ诱导培养基上，未成熟种胚和成熟种子种胚为外植体，光照培养下体胚诱导率分别为９２％ 和７８％ ，单个外植体平均产胚４８ 和４１ 个；而成熟种子胚小叶和未成熟种子子叶体胚诱导率均较低。以成熟种子种胚为外植体，２０ｍ ｇ／Ｌ２，４－ Ｄ和５ｍ ｇ／ＬＰｉｃｌｏｒａｍ 暗培养体胚诱导率分别为５５％ 和５８％ ，单个外植体平均产胚分别为４４和４２ 个。在含５ｍ ｇ／ＬＰｉｃｌｏｒａｍ 培养基上，１３个花生品种（系）体胚诱导率６％ ～８３３％ ，产胚量１２～４５个，差异显著，珍珠豆型花生品种体胚诱导率、产胚量普遍高于普通型花生品种。８ 个品种（系）体胚在含１０ｍ ｇ／ＬＢＡ 的ＭＳ培养基上枝条再生率３６３％ ～７７８％ 。再生枝条在含０３ｍ ｇ／ＬＮＡＡ ＭＳ培养基上生根后，植株移到温室已正常开花、结荚。 相似文献
11.
12.
M. J. De Maine 《Potato Research》1997,40(1):59-68
Summary Male sterility in dihaploids ofSolanum tuberosum is often a barrier to their utilization in breeding and genetical studies. Although the male fertility of primary dihaploids
(obtained directly from tetraploids) was generally low, a few were produced by the author which produced seed when used as
pollen parents on female fertile dihaploids. The population of further generation dihaploids (from dihaploid intercrosses)
produced from the showed a marked improvement in male fertility. Comparative data from measurements of different aspects of
male fertility in dihaploids are presented. These showed that the weight of pollen per anther, the percentage of (iodine)
stainable pollen and the number of seeds per berry were greater in further generation dihaploids than in primary dihaploids.
It is suggested that interspecific crosses using dihaploids are not necessarily useful for increasing male fertility in diploid
potatoes. The advantages of breeding at the diploid level withinS. tuberosum are discussed. Rare male-fertile dihaploids could be used to generate diploids with a high frequency of male fertility. These
could then be used to cross with any other flowering dihaploids to combine characters at the diploid level, so exploiting
the simpler genetic ratios associated with disomic inheritance. 相似文献
13.
Summary Dihaploid populations from 20 varieties and 11 breeding lines ofSolanum tuberosum differed greatly in the occurrence and frequency of mutant phenotypes, in tuberization, flowering, pollen stainability, 2n-pollen
production and resistance toGlobodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro-1. One population contained up to 61.7% lethal mutants: 39.1% of the total of 5377 dihaploids obtained did not
tuberize, and 32.4% of 825 vigorous dihaploids did not flower. Of 825 vigorous dihaploids, 26.9 and 3.9% respectively had
a pollen stainability higher than 20 and 60%. Among 222 dihaploids with a pollen stainability higher than 20%. 23.0% produced
some 2n-pollen and none of these had a stainability higher than 60%. Among the dihaploid populations investigated the proportion
of resistant to susceptible dihaploids ranged from 8:26 to 62:8. 相似文献
14.
A total of 1000 anther-derived plants was regenerated from tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes. Capacity to undergo androgenesis was analysed in 41 potato cultivars and 7 clones grown either in the greenhouse or in the field. Of the 48 genotypes, 33 produced embryos and 23 regenerated shoots from embryos. Anther-derived plantlet production was determined in genotypes 86110, Agria, Calgary, Escort, Helios, Idole, JO 0982 JO 1432, Kainuun Musta, Kardal, KE48, Matilda, Nicola, Petra, Pito, Rustica, Stirling, Torridon, Ute, Van Gogh, Vebeca, Vento and White Lady. The highest number of shoots (24 shoots/100 anthers) was obtained from cv. Calgary, when anthers were isolated from field-grown donor plants. Incubating anthers at 28 C, rather than at 20 C or 24 C, enhanced embryo production in four genotypes tested. However, shoot production was improved only in cv. Pito cultured at 28 C. When anthers of cv. Petra were cultured at 28 C for four weeks, followed by reduction of culture temperature to 24 C, a high rate of shoot production was recorded (14 shoots/100 anthers). The ratio between dihaploids and tetraploids varied among the anther-derived plants of the different genotypes. The number of dihaploids was highest in potato clone JO1432 (100%) and in cv. Calgary (93%) and lowest in cvs. Pito (21%) and Torridon (6%). 相似文献
15.
采用新型栽培种(Neo-tuberosum,2n=48)为亲本,以IVP_(35)作授粉者,诱发孤雌生殖,获得了148份双单倍体无性系,从中筛选出能够产生FDR型2n配子无性系16份(纺锤体平行并融合类型11份,不联会突变型5份)。由于双单倍体孕性低或败育,以入选的16份双单倍体直接同S.tuberosum品系或品种杂交未能成功。同类型(A)入选的双单倍体无性系的系内或系间授粉,因配子体同型复等位基因作用产生的自交不亲和,也没能得到实生种子,而以产生2n配子的S.phureja品系的混合花粉授粉,在5个组合中获得25个浆果,共825粒杂交种子。 相似文献
16.
Flora Alfano Maria Cammareri Angela Errico Luigi Frusciante Clara Conicella 《American Journal of Potato Research》1999,76(5):281-285
Pollen stainability over two years and microsporogenesis were investigated in seven dihaploids extracted fromSolanum tuberosum tetraploids (AVRDC-1287.19, Conchita, Merrimack and W231). Two dihaploids proved to be male-sterile and male gamete abortion is likely to be post-meiotic because a regular meiosis occurred. The other dihaploids proved to be partially male-fertile and 2n pollen producers, as well. Almost all clones showed predominantly the formation of parallel spindles. Correlations estimated between the observed abnormalities in spindle orientation and the meiotic products evidenced a high correlation between parallel/fused spindles and dyads. The dihaploids were also used as parents in crosses with tetraploids. One berry with 44 seeds was obtained from dihaploid AVI 24 used as pollen parent in 4x × 2x crosses. After 2x × 4x crosses, three dihaploids including the two male-sterile were found to be 2n egg producers. The formation of 2n gametes inS. tuberosum dihaploids is discussed in relation to a direct use of dihaploids in sexual polyploidization schemes to combine useful traits in a superior genotype at 4x level. 相似文献
17.
培养条件对甘蓝型黄籽油菜下胚轴的再生影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH01的下胚轴为材料，研究影响外植体芽再生的因素。试验结果表明，苗龄、预培养基的激素浓度和预培养时间、分化培养基等对芽再生频率均有较大影响。8d苗龄的下胚轴置MS 1．5mg／L2，4-D 0．1mg／L6-BA培养基预培养4d后，转分化培养基MS 4．0mg／L6-BA 0．05mg／LNAA 5．0mg／LAgNO3 0．6mg,／LGA3培养，可获得较高的芽再生频率。添加5mg／LAgNO3处理可防止外植体褐化并有利于芽分化；0．6mg／L GA3处理可促进胚状体形成，提高芽再生频率。GH01最高芽再生频率为40．50％。 相似文献
18.
卡那霉素对大豆生长的抑制及筛选试验研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
用3个大豆品种作为研究材料，研究了卡那霉素对种子萌发、子叶节培养、茎尖和组培苗生根的抑制效应。结果表明不同的外植体对卡那霉素的反应存在较大的差异，用卡那霉素浸泡种子，浓度最好是1000ppm，而种子在含卡那霉素培养基上萌发，一般为100—200ppm效果较好，子叶节在生长培养时卡那霉素可采用50—100ppm。而茎尖、子叶节组培苗，一旦放入含有卡那霉素培养基内，不论浓度多少，无一生根。不同的基因型亦稍有差异。所以在筛选转化子之前一定要进行临界浓度的筛选试验。 相似文献
19.
Summary Dihaploids were produced from tetraploids which had resistance to foliage late blight (P. infestans) and had a range of levels of resistance to white potato cyst nematode (PCN) (G. pallida). Twelve of 33 dihaploids tested had useful levels of both resistances, 11 were resistant to blight alone and seven to PCN
alone. There were no significant correlations between the resistances of the parents and the mean resistance of their dihaploids,
for either character. There was also no correlation between levels of resistance to blight and to PCN. There were significant
differences in mean levels of resistance to blight and to PCN between the tetraploid progenies of two dihaploids which possessed
combined resistance. 相似文献
20.
海马齿再生体系的优化及GUS基因的转化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以海马齿无菌实生小苗的叶片为外植体,对不同激素浓度和组合以及不同pH值等培养条件进行实验比较.结果表明:适于愈伤组织诱导的培养基为MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+蔗糖3%,诱导率达100%;适于芽分化的培养基为MS+NAA 3.0 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L,分化率达到77.4%;诱导愈伤组织形成培养基的最适pH值为4.5,而诱导愈伤组织分化培养基的最适pH值为5.0.以小苗叶片为外植体材料和农杆菌介导的方法进行GUS基因的转化,组织化学染色检测发现共培养2 d后的外植体中有蓝色斑点产生,在转化2个月后的外植体上形成的愈伤组织也存在点状的蓝色斑点.说明GUS基因已转入海马齿外植体中. 相似文献