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采用70%乙醇提取绵马贯众多酚,并通过吸附实验考察了7种大孔树脂对绵马贯众多酚粗提物吸附率和解吸率的影响,发现HPD100树脂对绵马贯众多酚的纯化效果较好;进一步分析了样品质量浓度、上样速度、解吸乙醇体积分数、洗脱速度及样品pH值对HPD100树脂纯化绵马贯众多酚的影响,得出最佳纯化工艺条件为:样品溶液质量浓度为2.00 g/L,pH值为5,上样速度为1 mL/min,解吸乙醇体积分数为70%及洗脱速度为2 mL/min。该工艺条件下,绵马贯众多酚纯度由纯化前的27.64%提高到纯化后的54.00%(得率为6.46%),纯化效果显著。纯化后绵马贯众多酚抗氧化活性显著增加,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)及羟基自由基(·OH)的IC50值分别为0.01和0.49 g/L(纯化前为0.05和1.79 g/L),0.04 g/L时对DPPH·的清除率为90.82%,与Vc相当;质量浓度为0.05 g/L时,纯化后绵马贯众多酚对铁离子还原能力为0.47,明显高于纯化前的0.25;且在酸性条件下DPPH·清除能力以及铁离子还原能力更高,在碱性条件下·OH清除能力更高。 相似文献
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以陕西长枣皮为原料,采用超声波减压法提取其中多酚,通过单因素试验及正交试验L9(34)考察了各因素间的交互作用,优化了超声波辅助减压提取枣皮多酚的条件。在此基础上,对比了常规浸提、超声浸提和超声波辅助减压提取三者对提取得率和提取时间的影响,并通过清除自由基能力(DPPH·)衡量了各种提取方法的优劣。结果表明:超声波辅助减压提取枣皮多酚的最佳工艺参数为乙醇体积分数50%,提取温度55℃,液料比30∶1(mL∶g),超声波功率240 W,提取时间10 min,枣皮多酚得率可达5.05%,此条件下提取2次,多酚得率为6.33%,提取率即达97.37%;对比热浸提和超声波浸提,超声波辅助减压提取在明显缩短提取时间的同时又能显著提高枣皮多酚得率;清除自由基能力(DPPH·)测试表明超声波辅助减压提取所得的多酚粗提物活性最高,清除率88.4%,该方法能够更好的保护枣皮多酚的生物活性。 相似文献
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板栗壳中多酚的提取及体外抗氧化性研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
研究了不同因素对板栗壳多酚提取效果的影响,并对不同条件下板栗壳多酚的抗氧化性进行了研究。结果表明,板栗壳多酚的最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数59.7%,料液比1∶18(g∶mL),浸提温度52.6℃,浸提次数3次。在此最优工艺条件下板栗壳多酚提取得率预测值为76.0 mg/g,实验值75.9 mg/g。板栗壳多酚具有较强的清除自由基能力,在25~200 mg/L范围内,随质量浓度升高其还原能力和清除二苯基苦基肼自由基(DPPH.)、羟基自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2.)的能力逐渐增强,当200 mg/L时其还原能力达0.841,DPPH.抑制率达89.7%,均高于同质量浓度的2,6二-叔丁基对甲酚(BHT),但低于同质量浓度Vc,对O-2.和.OH的清除率分别为93.2%和94.0%,均高于同质量浓度BHT和Vc。 相似文献
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《西部林业科学》2020,(2)
为了研究桦褶孔菌不同溶剂萃取物的体外抗氧化能力及总黄酮含量、多酚含量与抗氧化活性之间的相关性,采用不同极性溶剂对桦褶孔菌75%乙醇提取物进行萃取,得到石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相萃取物,测定不同萃取相中总黄酮和多酚的含量,研究各萃取相清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基能力,并分析总黄酮和多酚含量与抗氧化活性的相关关系。结果表明,石油醚相中的总黄酮含量最高,为(214.62±3.24)mg/g,乙酸乙酯相中多酚含量最高,为(50.34±30.13)mg/g。桦褶孔菌不同溶剂萃取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中正丁醇相萃取物清除DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基活性最强,其EC_(50)分别为(66.09±1.82)μg/mL和(47.94±1.68)μg/mL;正丁醇相萃取物浓度在0.5mg/mL时清除DPPH自由基的能力和V_C相当;乙酸乙酯相萃取物清除超氧阴离子自由基活性仅次于正丁醇相萃取物,EC_(50)为(93.63±1.97)μg/mL。相关性显示桦褶孔菌不同萃取相中总黄酮和多酚含量与抗氧化活性呈现较好的相关关系(P0.05)。研究结果表明正丁醇相和乙酸乙酯相萃取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,可为桦褶孔菌活性成分的分离奠定理论依据。 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2018,(5)
采用超声波-微波辅助法优化杜仲叶中总多酚提取工艺,并考察其抗氧化活性。通过Plackett-Burman试验考察了乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率、微波处理时间、超声波功率和超声波处理时间6个因素对杜仲叶总多酚提取效果的影响,筛选得到乙醇体积分数、料液比、微波功率和超声波处理时间4个显著影响因素,在此基础上,通过最陡爬坡试验和响应面试验得到最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数为46%,料液比为1∶20.70(g∶mL),微波功率为154 W,微波处理时间140 s,超声波功率350 W,超声波处理时间为31 min。在此条件下提取2次总多酚得率达8.491%,与传统溶剂提取法相比,总多酚得率提高33.57%。利用最优工艺得到总多酚提取物,其体外抗氧化试验表明:杜仲叶总多酚提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、2,2-联氮-二-3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸自由基(ABTS·)和羟基自由基(·OH)均有较强的清除能力,其半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))分别为31.21、24.50和311.8 mg/L,抗氧化活性与BHT相当,低于Vc。 相似文献
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以刺五加茎叶为原料,采用超声辅助醇提法对其有效成分进行提取,以DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,通过单因素试验和响应面优化试验,研究液料比、超声时间、超声功率、乙醇浓度对其得率和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件为液料比1:30 g/ml,超声功率240w,提取时间50min,乙醇浓度85%,在此条件下提取物DPPH清除率为72.35%。此外,将最佳条件下获得的刺五加茎、叶提取物进行抗氧化活性研究,分别测定其清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基、NO2-离子和还原能力,并与抗氧化剂Vc进行对比分析。结果表明:刺五加茎叶提取物具有体外抗氧化功效,同浓度条件下,抗氧化剂Vc的清除率远远大于刺五加叶和茎提取物,刺五加不同部位醇溶性有效成分对自由基清除能力:叶茎。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献