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1.
鄞红葡萄及其突变体果实氨基酸和香气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验以鄞红葡萄及其8个突变体5-1、5-2、10-1、10-2、20-1、20-2、40-1和40-2的果实为材料,采用氨基酸分析仪和GC-MS联用仪进行氨基酸含量和香气成分分析,以期为优株的选育提供科学依据。氨基酸含量分析结果表明,突变体20-1、20-2和40-2的总氨基酸含量显著高于原亲本鄞红(4 020 mg·kg-1·FW);突变体20-2和40-2的必需氨基酸含量显著高于原亲本鄞红(830 mg·Kg-1·FW)。香气成分分析表明,突变体与原亲本果实中香气成分主要包括醛类、酯类和醇类等,其中反-2-己烯醛含量最高,含量达到47.39%~68.76%,己酸乙酯含量较低(0.55%~2.97%)。但不同突变体之间差异较大,其中突变体5-2中含有里那醇、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛和3-辛基丙烯醛等特殊香气成分;突变体10-2含有癸酸乙酯、2-甲基-丁酸乙酯、(S)-3,4-二甲基戊醇、里那醇和苯并噻唑等;突变体20-1含有邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯、顺-2-己烯-1-醇、反-1,2-环戊二醇、里那醇、顺-2-葵烯醛、癸醛和3-辛基丙烯醛等。综合氨基酸各项指标和香气成分分析,突变体5-2、10-2、20-1、20-2和40-2可能是优异的突变体,这为今后品质研究及优株选育提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
2.
氮离子束与γ射线辐照日本晴和“9311”水稻突变体库的筛选 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用氮离子束和γ射线辐照处理粳稻日本晴和籼稻"9311",经过M1代损伤鉴定、M2代筛选和M3代重复鉴定,分别得到了740份和666份日本晴突变体,571份和781份"9311"突变体。获得的突变体发生了叶片、茎秆、穗部和籽粒、生理等性状的突变。在氮离子束辐照处理中,日本晴和"9311"分别在5.0×1016N+/cm2和2.5×1016N+/cm2剂量辐照时获得高突变率,为6.44%和6.38%;γ射线辐照处理中,2种材料均在150Gy剂量辐照时获得高突变率,分别为5.68%和9.44%。在本试验中,各高突变率群体均为辐照当代损伤最低的群体。新构建的突变体库将为水稻功能基因组学研究提供较好的基础材料。 相似文献
3.
研究了1 4 C 葡萄糖在 1 3种土壤中的周转。周转可以分为 3个阶段 :0～ 3d ,周转速率为 1 3× 1 0 - 1 ～ 2 5× 1 0 - 1 /d ,半周转期为 3～ 5d;3～ 2 8d,周转速率为 0 7×1 0 - 2 ～ 1 2× 1 0 - 2 /d ,半周转期为 5 8～ 97d ;2 8～ 2 94d,周转速率为 0 5× 1 0 - 3× 1 4×1 0 - 3/d ,半周转期为 491～ 1 5 0 4d。相关性分析表明 ,1 4 C 葡萄糖周转速率与土壤代谢熵 (qCO2 )呈显著性正相关 ;3～ 2 8d周转速率与土壤理化性质和生物学性质都无显著的相关性 ;2 8～ 2 94d周转速率与土壤总有机碳、全氮、CEC呈显著或极显著负相关 ,与土壤砂粒含量呈显著正相关。这一阶段1 4 C 葡萄糖的周转与土壤性质密切相关。 相似文献
4.
N+离子注入法选育高产葡萄糖耐量因子（GTF）酵母菌株 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本研究通过铬耐量筛选的方式,从12株供试啤酒酵母中获得一株高耐铬性啤酒酵母菌株,并对该菌株进行N+注入诱变,注入能量为50keV,注入剂量1×2.6×1013、2×2.6×1013、3×2.6×1013、4×2.6×1013、5×2.6×1013和6×2.6×1013 icon/cm2。结果表明,最适诱变的注入剂量为4×2.6×1013 icon/cm2,得到1株高产GTF的啤酒酵母菌株M11-1A11,其富铬能力较诱变前提高了22.4%。经5次传代发酵培养,突变株的富铬性能稳定。 相似文献
5.
以野生型马棘为对照,对比研究了紫叶、黄叶和高黄酮三个突变体的主要营养品质。结果表明:高黄酮突变体叶片的蛋白质含量为26.54%,比野生型高24.31%,粗纤维含量比野生型低18.92%,铁、铜、锰、锌含量分别比野生型高72.34%、7.02%、21.01%和38.75%,氨基酸总量(TAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)分别比野生型高27.85%和27.68%;紫叶和黄叶突变体蛋白质含量低于野生型,含钙量分别比野生型提高15.22%和25.46%。研究结果表明,高黄酮突变体具有很高的饲用价值,紫叶和黄叶突变体也同样具有一定的饲用价值。 相似文献
6.
旱稻616(HD616)经60Co γ射线辐射诱变获得的1个对干旱极其敏感的突变体M616,对该突变体及其亲本HD616的抗旱形态指标与产量指标进行考察,并对突变体M617与其亲本HD616及M616与对照品种IRAT109 的正反交F1代和F2代群体的株高、主茎基粗和主茎穗结实率3个性状进行遗传分析。结果表明：在干旱胁迫条件下,突变体较亲本表现为稳定的对干旱胁迫敏感的特性; 旱地和水田条件下株高、主茎基粗和主茎穗结实率3个性状在M616×HD616、HD616×M616 两个正反交组合F1间均无显著差异,进而说明突变基因是细胞核遗传,不存在细胞质遗传互作效应;对M616×HD616、M616×IRAT109两个F2群体的株高、主茎基粗和主茎穗结实率分析表明,主茎基粗在群体的分离呈正态分布,表现为微效多基因控制的数量性状;而株高和主茎穗结实率在群体的分离呈非正态分布,表现为质量—数量性状。对旱稻干旱敏感突变体相关性状进行遗传分析,将为与抗旱相关基因的定位和克隆打下良好的基础。 相似文献
7.
东北地区不同时间尺度下气温和无霜期的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用东北三省71个气象站点1961-2012年地面气象观测资料,分析年代、年、季、月、旬各级尺度下气温和无霜期的变化特征。结果表明：气温和无霜期等值线存在年代际北移的现象,1980-1999年气温和无霜期增幅最大,与1961-1979年相比,3℃温度等值线北移约1个纬度,气温高于3℃的面积增加了1.14×10.5km2,无霜期155d等值线北移2～4个纬度,无霜期大于155d的面积增加了2.02×10.5km2。1961-2012年东北地区温度升高速率为0.30℃10a-1,冬季增幅最大（0.47℃10a-1）,夏、秋季增幅较小,无霜期增加速率为3.5d10a-1,初霜日推迟8.1d、终霜日提前9.8d。2月气温增幅最大（0.8℃10a-1）,是造成冬季气温增幅大的主要原因,2月下旬（第51-60天）气温气候倾向率达到峰值,约1.00℃10a-1,水汽含量变化可能是产生这一现象的主要原因。 相似文献
8.
高产多糖钝顶螺旋藻新品系的选育及蛋白质SDS-PAGE鉴定 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
研究了 1 0株钝顶螺旋藻对60 Coγ射线的辐射抗性及其与多糖含量的关系 ,表明各株系的半致死剂量 (LD50 )与多糖含量间的相关系数高达 0 9873。进而以多糖含量较高的钝顶螺旋藻Sp 0 8为出发品系、用 0 6%的EMS和 2 4kGy的60 Coγ射线处理Sp 0 8单细胞或原生质球 ,并用 7 0kGy左右的γ射线为筛选压力 ,得到了 4株多糖含量分别比Sp 0 8的高 32 8%、1 7 3%、2 3 4%和 42 3%的形态突变体 :Sp 0 8A、Sp 0 8B、Sp 0 8C和Sp 0 8D。蛋白质SDS PAGE分析确定 ,Sp 0 8A、Sp 0 8C和Sp 0 8D为在分子遗传水平发生变异的突变体。综合上述突变体的形态特征和生长速率等生产性状 ,确立Sp 0 8A为高产多糖的钝项螺旋藻新品系 ,目前已用于大规模养殖与产业化开发 相似文献
9.
植物对阴离子和阴离子的吸引是植物括盐性调控的重要内容。为了阐明拟南芥对中性盐中阳离子和阴离子抗性机制,本试验以拟南芥nos1(nitric oxide synthase1)突变体为材料,用Na2SO4、Na Cl、K2SO4、KCl作为盐胁迫因子,研究了突变体的根弯曲百分率、根长、株高、鲜重、存活率以及渗透调节物质脯氨酸和丙二醛含量的变化。拟南芥nos1突变体在4种不同盐胁迫下,呈现出不同的抗性,Na2SO4和Na Cl中突变体的根长显著高于K2SO4和KCl处理的材料,KCl中突变体的株高和鲜重显著高于Na2SO4和Na Cl中。随着盐浓度升高,突变体存活率显著低于对照,KCl中突变体的存活率显著高于Na2SO4和Na Cl中。另外突变体在Na2SO4和Na Cl中脯氨酸含量和丙二醛含量显著高于K2SO4和KCl处理的样品。这些结果表明突变体对盐胁迫下的阳离子和阴离子抗性机制存在显著差异,阳离子相同时,突变体对SO42-盐胁迫更敏感,阴离子相同时,突变体对Na+盐胁迫更敏感。本试验为提高作物抗盐性和生物技术改良提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
以水稻无侧根突变体RMI09为材料,对其无侧根特性的其它伴随性状进行了研究,旨在揭示遗传突变引起的生理生化变化及其生物学特性.结果表明:突变体的子粒宽、厚、百粒重、百粒谷物量均小于野生型,子粒和发芽第5天的百粒淀粉含量分别是野生型的135％和157％,萌发第4天的幼苗根系琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)比活性是野生型的8％;突变体经1μmol·L-1的AgNO3处理后对ACC、H2O2、2,4-D及TIBA都表现出耐性,但对照组突变体(无Ag+处理)对1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)和H2O2的耐性低于野生型、对2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)及三碘苯甲酸(TIBA)的耐性高于野生型. 相似文献
11.
Metabolite profiling of two low phytic acid (lpa) rice mutants 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Frank T Meuleye BS Miller A Shu QY Engel KH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(26):11011-11019
Two low phytic acid (lpa) rice mutant lines, Os-lpa-XS110-1 and Os-lpa-XS110-2, were grown together with their parent wild-type variety Xiushui 110 in four field trials. HPLC analysis of inositol phosphates in the seeds produced demonstrated that compared to the wild-type, the reduction in phytic acid content in Os-lpa-XS110-1 (-46%) was more pronounced than that in Os-lpa-XS110-2 (-23%). Lower inositol phosphates (InsP 3, InsP 4, InsP 5) were not detected in the mutants. The lpa mutants and the wild-type rice were subjected to comparative metabolite profiling by capillary gas chromatography. On average, 34% (Os-lpa-XS110-1) and 42% (Os-lpa-XS110-2) of the detected peaks were statistically significantly different between wild-type and mutants. However, only a few of these differences could be consistently observed for all field trials. Identification and quantification of the consistently different metabolites revealed that contents of myo-inositol and raffinose were increased in Os-lpa-XS110-1 but decreased in Os-lpa-XS110-2 compared to the wild-type. In addition, Os-lpa-XS110-1 exhibited increased levels of galactose and galactinol. Consideration of these metabolic changes in light of the routes involved in the biosynthesis of phytic acid indicated a disturbance in the early biosynthetic pathway of phytic acid in Os-lpa-XS110-2 (similar to the lpa-1 type mutation in maize) and a mutation event affecting phosphorylation of myo-inositol in Os-lpa-XS110-1 (similar to the lpa-3-type mutation). 相似文献
12.
金钗石斛对磷素的吸收和运转 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用32 P研究了金钗石斛对磷素的吸收和运转。结果表明 ,金钗石斛植株各部位均可吸收磷素 ,成长叶的总放射性活度最高。植株吸收的总32 P放射性活度随根系吸收时间的延长而增加 ,至 96h达最高 ;随移栽后日龄的增加 ,植株各部位干物重逐渐增加 ,新生茎和新生叶增加最快 ,32 P亦逐渐向新生茎和新生叶运转。 2 5℃和 40℃温度处理 ,植株吸磷量分别为 1 0℃处理的 2 3和 2 5倍。中度光 ( 2× 1 0 4 Lx)和高光强( 5× 1 0 4 Lx)下植株吸磷量分别较弱光 ( 5× 1 0 3Lx)下增加 74%和 2 3 %。 相似文献
13.
Matsumoto H Ito K Yonekura K Tsuda T Ichiyanagi T Hirayama M Konishi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(6):2489-2496
Many studies on the bioavailability of polyphenols have been reported. However, the relative urinary excretions of AC are also low, ranging from 0.004% to 0.1%. By contrast, other polyphenols show higher urinary excretion levels. Here, we studied the enhancing effects of phytic acid (IP6) on absorption of blackcurrant anthocyanins (BCAs) in rats and humans. In rats after oral administration of BCAs (as 241 mg of AC/kg body weight) in IP6 (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%) solution, the ACs recovery in urine was increased dependent on IP6 dose. These results suggest that the IP6 enhances gastrointestinal absorption of ACs. At the further analysis of IP6 enhancement effect in rat, whereas BCAs were normally passed through the stomach and duodenum within 2 h, in IP6 group, after 2-6 h post-administration, stomach and jejunum content's weights were specifically heavy, and large amounts of ACs were also detected in stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. These results suggested that the mixture of BCAs and IP6 reduced the gastrointestinal motility. Prolongation of ACs residue in gastrointestinal tract then caused the enhancing effects of IP6 on absorption of AC. In the human study, each subject was orally administrated a BCA beverage containing BCA concentrate (AC 4 mg/kg body weight), 1% of IP6, and 1% of sodium citrate as a pH stabilizer. Both the plasma level and the urinary excretion of AC were increased as compared to BCA administration without IP6. AC intake with IP6 may increase the bioavailability of AC to the comparative level as other polyphenols. Yet, phytic acid, being a strong chelator of important minerals, contributes to mineral deficiencies. An interference with iron uptake has been reported. Safety tests are therefore necessary before high dose IP6 can be used in foods. 相似文献
14.
为探究磷素（P）添加对土壤水分一维垂直入渗特性的影响,该研究开展了磷素随水添加土壤入渗试验（CK、P1、P2、P3、P4）和加磷培养土壤入渗试验（ICK、IP1、IP2、IP3、IP4）,各试验均设5个P梯度,依次为0、0.075、0.15、0.225、0.3 g/kg。研究结果表明：1）随水施磷在入渗过程中对土壤入渗特性无显著影响;2）土壤加磷培养90 d后,其水分入渗能力显著增强（P<0.05）,相较于对照ICK而言,处理IP1、IP2、IP3、IP4的累积入渗量分别增加了7.82%、8.85%、9.82%、11.21%,所对应的入渗时间减小幅度分别为7.77%、14.56%、22.33%、27.18%;累积入渗量与湿润锋运移速度均随磷梯度增大而增大,拟合的Kostiakov公式和湿润锋运移距离-时间公式中的入渗参数与磷浓度呈现出很好的线性关系;3）IP3、IP4处理中0.25～2 mm粒级团聚体数量占比显著高于未加磷素的对照ICK（P<0.05）,与ICK相比分别提高了35.9%、51.28%。综上,磷素添加到土壤中时间的长短与土壤结构的变化有直接联系,加磷培养增加了土壤中0.25～2 mm粒级大团聚体的数量占比,从而增强了土壤入渗能力。该研究将施磷与土壤入渗能力相结合,揭示磷素添加对土壤水分入渗能力的影响及其机制,为农业生产中磷肥的合理施用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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16.
通过恒温培养试验,探究了以味精尾液为原料的土壤调理剂对北方石灰性潮土无机磷特性和p H值的影响。结果表明,施用味精尾液后土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)、Ca_2-P、Al-P、Fe-P分别增加了70%~120%、155%~288%、29%~42%、6%~10%,Ca10-P减少了7%~8%,且有效性较高的Ca_2-P和Olsen-P持续性好;能够显著降低土壤p H值,培养60 d时,与CK相比,p H值下降了1.17~1.27个单位,而且在一定程度上还能减缓施入土壤的磷肥向无效态转化,提高磷肥有效性。在石灰性土壤施用味精尾液后,运用SPSS软件对土壤Olsen-P及各形态无机磷进行相关性和回归分析得出,Ca_2-P和Fe-P是北方石灰性潮土Olsen-P的主要组分,并得出了Ca_2-P、Fe-P与Olsen-P的回归方程:Y(Olsen-P)=-18.724+1.173X_1(Ca_2-P)+0.905X_4(Fe-P)。 相似文献
17.
C Centeno A Viveros A Brenes R Canales A Lozano C de la Cuadra 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(7):3208-3215
Two assays were conducted to study the evolution of rye and barley phosphatases (phytase and acid phosphatase) and the degradation of its substrates (inositol phosphate esters) during seed germination. In this manner we could obtain a low-phytate, endogenous phosphatase rich ingredient to be used in animal nutrition. In the first assay, the seeds were soaked for 1 and 14 h and germinated for 3 and 5 days with and without the addition of gibberellic acid (GA3). In the second assay, the seeds were soaked for 1 h and germinated for 1, 3, and 5 days with GA3. Phytase (up to 5739 and 3151 U x kg(-1)) and acid phosphatase (up to 18288 and 3151 U x g(-1)) activities, and IP6 (6.09 and 6.01 mg x g(-1)), IP5 (0.48 and 0.48 mg x g(-1)), and IP4 (0.13 and 0.06 mg x g(-1)) were detected in ungerminated rye and barley, respectively. The germination process caused a significant increase of Phy and AcPh activities in rye (up to 112 and 213%) and barley (up to 212 and 634%) and a reduction in the phytate phosphorus content (up to 84 and 58%, respectively). Phytate phosphorus content was affected only by soaking time in the case of rye. Finally, during the course of germination, IP6 and IP5 were rapidly degraded in rye (88 and 79%) and barley (67 and 52%), and IP4 was only a short-living intermediate, which was increased during hydrolysis and degraded to IP3. In conclusion, a marked increase of Phy and AcPh activities in rye and barley with a concomitant decrease in phytate phosphorus content and an increase in the content of lower inositol phosphates were observed during the rye and barley germination. 相似文献
18.
氮离子注入对同源四倍体水稻IR36萌发的影响 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
通过分析氮离子注入对同源四倍体水稻种子萌发过程中吸水速率、膜透性、淀粉酶活性的影响来研究离子注入四倍体水稻的生理生化效应。结果显示:低剂量范围内(0~2×1016cm-2)N+注入对IR36(4N)存在刺激效应,发芽率、幼芽淀粉酶活性等与对照相比都有所提高。当注入剂量在2×1016~10×1016cm-2范围内,氮离子注入对IR36(4N)种子萌发起抑制作用,表现为种子存活率显著下降、淀粉酶活性下降、膜透性增大。氮离子注入IR36(4N)的适宜诱变剂量大约在6.0×1016~8.0×1016cm-2。 相似文献
19.
磺胺二甲氧嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用重氮化法将SDM(磺胺二甲氧嘧啶)偶联于载体蛋白BSA和OVA,合成免疫原BSA-SDM和包被原OVA-SDM,并用紫外扫描(UV)、SDS-PAGE进行鉴定;用BSA-SDM免疫BALB/C小鼠,间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选择细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术建立分泌SDM mAb细胞株,用体内诱生腹水法制备SDM mAb;对SDM mAb的效价、亲和性、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明,BSA-SDM人工抗原制备成功,分子结合比约为1∶12.1;筛选出1B43、D9、4E1共3株敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞,间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清分别为1∶3.2×102、1∶5.12×102、1∶8.1×102,腹水分别为1∶2.56×105、1∶2.56×1051、∶5.12×105,4E1亲和常数(Ka)为1.25×1010L/mol;4E1株对SDM的IC50为16.64ng/ml,与磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶交叉反应率为5%,与其他磺胺类药物无交叉反应性。本试验获得了抗SDM高价、敏感、特异的mAb,可用于SDM残留检测的免疫学试验。 相似文献
20.
Lopez HW Ouvry A Bervas E Guy C Messager A Demigne C Remesy C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(6):2281-2285
Five strains of lactic bacteria have been isolated from sour doughs and examined for their ability to degrade phytic acid. In white flour medium in which phytic acid was the only source of phosphorus, the disappearance of phytate and an elevation of inorganic phosphate were observed after only 2 h of incubation in all strains tested (-30 and +60%, respectively). Both phenomena correspond to phytate breakdown. No difference was observed in the levels of phytic acid hydrolysis among strains, suggesting that phytase enzymes are similar among these bacteria. Using whole wheat flour medium naturally rich in phytic acid in the presence of Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain 38, a 9 h fermentation established that the degradation of PA and the production of lactic acid lead to greater Ca and Mg solubility than in control medium. 相似文献