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M. Seguchi H. Mishima C. Kumashiro Y. Yoshino C. Kusunose M. Goto 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(6):633-636
Fruits of Capsicum species such as paprika (Capsicum annuum cv.), Tomapi (Capsicum annuum subsup. annuum var pomiferum), pimento (Capsicum annuum var. angulosum), and cayenne (Capsicum annuum L.) were blended with wheat flour for breadmaking. Breadmaking properties such as the bread height (mm) and specific volume (cm3/g) are improved by the addition (8%) of any mature fruit of Capsicum species. Among these species, paprika at different growth and maturity stages was used for breadmaking. Breadmaking was enhanced with increasing fruit maturity. Bread height and specific volume on baking with green paprika‐wheat flour were lower than those of controls. When green paprika was heated in an autoclave, the breadmaking properties matched those of controls, which suggested that the impaired breadmaking properties caused by green paprika were due to protease. Size‐exclusion high‐performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) of flour proteins extracted from wheat flour mixed with heated and unheated paprika also suggested the presence of protease in green paprika. When red paprika was heated under the same conditions, the color changed to brown, and the breadmaking properties did not decrease but increased only slightly. This suggested that carotenoids were not related to the breadmaking properties. A suspension of the heated red paprika was dialyzed against water; after dialysis, the water was concentrated to syrup. The concentrated syrup and dialyzed suspension in the dialysis tube were blended with wheat flour and breadmaking was performed. The results indicated that the improvement of breadmaking properties was due to the dialyzed outer solution, which was heat‐stable and contained LMW materials derived from red paprika. 相似文献
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选用天然风化煤和pH 3.63的酒厂废弃物酒糟、MV菌剂为活化剂,与PB、PC微晶化磷矿粉在30℃下发酵研究对枸溶性磷的活化效果。结果表明,MV菌剂促进微晶磷矿粉有效P的溶解,且磷矿粉变细解磷效果增强;酒糟、风化煤促进微晶磷矿粉有效磷的溶解;MV菌条件下的酒糟、风化煤有利于微晶磷矿粉的活化,有效磷含量在25d达最高;酒糟对微晶磷矿粉的活化效应2∶1〉1∶1,25d枸溶性磷J6、J8、J2和J4分别比对照J净增长了1.63%,1.42%,1.32%及1.22%;MV菌条件下风化煤参与的发酵,25d处理F6、F8、F4和F2枸溶性磷分别比对照F增长了2.15%,2.13%,1.82%和1.77%。 相似文献
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不同类型贝壳粉对土壤镉赋存形态的影响差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过室内培养探究不同类型贝壳粉对土壤中不同形态镉含量的影响,向培养完成的土壤中施用3种添加比例的天然扇贝壳粉与蛏子壳粉,分别在第1,5,15,30,50天测定土壤pH及镉的各赋存形态含量。结果表明,添加文石型与方解石贝壳粉对土壤pH升高均有一定程度的贡献,施用2种贝壳粉后,随贝壳粉添加比例的增多土壤pH升高。不同种类贝壳粉处理的土壤pH差异不大,在50天后2种贝壳粉不同添加比例间差异最明显。在整个培养过程中,随培养天数的增加,添加不同类型贝壳粉均能使镉污染土壤可交换态镉含量下降,碳酸盐结合态镉、铁锰氧化物结合态镉、有机结合态镉与残渣态镉含量整体逐渐升高。其中,使用文石型贝壳粉作钝化剂较方解石型效果更佳。随着贝壳粉添加比例变大,可交换态镉向镉的其他赋有形态转化的程度越大。培养50天后,添加不同种类贝壳粉处理的土壤有效态镉含量同CK相比均显著降低。当添加文石型贝壳粉的比例为5%时,生物可利用态镉占总镉比例最低。施用文石型贝壳粉能比方解石型贝壳粉更好地降低土壤有效态镉的活性。 相似文献
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Groundwater contamination by nitrates is a worldwide problem, but to date there have been no effective measures to purify contaminated groundwater. If a denitrifying system can be constructed in aquifers, it will be able to purify groundwater in situ. This purifying system should also be maintenance free. The purpose of our work is to construct a maintenance-free denitrification system for in situ groundwater purification. This paper presents the result of a basic study on a maintenance-free denitrification system using biodegradable plastic and iron powder. A biodegradable plastic (polylactic acid, PLA) and iron powder were used as detergents, and the nitrate-contaminated groundwater was injected from the bottom of a packed silica sand column filled with a mixture of the detergents. Laboratory experiments were carried out, varying factors such as molecular weight of the biodegradable plastic and mixing ratio of the detergents. Water that permeated through the purification column was sampled to determine the decrease in nitrate concentration. The experimental results suggest that a combination of PLA and iron powder seems effective for denitrification, and that the rate of the PLA degradation is closely related to the molecular weight of the PLA and iron powder content. In this case iron powder acts as accelerator in denitrification. It is concluded that a maintenance-free denitrification system can be built, using PLA and iron powder as detergents. The proposed system may also be used in a wide range of nitrate contamination conditions, adjusting the molecular weight of the PLA and the mixing ratio of the detergents. 相似文献
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为建立牛奶及奶粉中5种苯并咪唑类药物(阿苯达唑、芬苯达唑、奥芬达唑、噻苯达唑、苯硫氨酯)简便、准确的分析检测方法,以固相萃取为净化手段,采用Acquity UPLC® BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)色谱柱进行分离,电喷雾离子源(ESI+),多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。结果表明,5种苯并咪唑类药物在1~500 μg·L-1范围内呈线性相关,相关系数(r)均大于0.996,加标平均回收率介于91.7%~97.8%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.4%~6.5%之间,基质效应均小于15%。5种药物的检出限均在0.1~3 μg·kg-1范围内,定量限均在0.5~10 μg·kg-1范围内。该方法操作简单、快速且灵敏度高,重现性好,能够用于牛奶及奶粉5种苯并咪唑类药物的同时测定。 相似文献
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为获得物理特性良好、粒度分布均匀的海带粉体,采用Na OH前处理及湿法粉碎技术制备亚微米级海带粉,并通过单因素和响应面分析法优化工艺条件。结果表明:在Na OH质量分数0.19%、浸泡时间11 min、液固比20 m L·g~(-1)的条件下,海带粉平均粒度D50为328.7 nm,D95为825.5 nm,最大粒径为1 106.2 nm。亚微米级海带粉的物理特性为:休止角为62.5°、滑角为70.6°、水溶性为20.1%、润湿时间为35.3 s、膨胀力为1 266%、持水力为3 197%。与市售超微海带粉相比,亚微米级海带粉休止角增加20.9°,滑角增加27.9°,水溶性增加50.0%,物理特性得到显著改善。本研究可为海带的精深加工提供理论依据。 相似文献
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波尔多液营养保护剂(BNPP)是一种新型的传统波尔多液(BDM)替代产品,具有杀菌谱广,无抗药性,使用、运输及存储方便等优点。本文以美国铜基杀菌剂Kocide2000(KCD)在番茄植株上的年推荐使用量为依据,模拟BNPP 10,50,100年的施用量,1次性施入盆栽番茄土壤中,研究其对土壤某些生化性质的影响,并与BDM及KCD相比较。结果表明,BDM,BNPP高浓度处理使微生物生物量碳分别降低38%,27.2%,BDM处理下pH值较对照升高0.360.46个单位,KCD,BNPP和BDM处理下的有效铁、有效锌含量减少,而有效铜含量分别提高436.4,2.624.08,8.552.06倍;施用BNPP和BDM的处理,脲酶活性分别降低2.4.5%,9.8!.95%,而KCD对脲酶的影响却不显著。3种铜制剂中BNPP对土壤某些生化性状的影响与KCD相当,而小于BDM。 相似文献
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对粉末等离子弧堆焊工艺用于修复磨损的锤片、犁铧、钉齿和螺旋挖沟机叶片等四种零件进行了试验研究。优选出两种合金粉末并选配一种合金粉末,确定了堆焊部位、焊层厚度和堆焊各零件的工艺规范参数。室内磨损试验及生产试验均证明了修复零件的使用寿命比新品提高一倍以上,作业成本降低49％-77％。 相似文献
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In this work multivariate experiments were conducted to optimize the operating conditions for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for multielemental determinations in chocolate drink powder. The operating conditions were investigated using a 2(3) central composite design, where the variables studied were radio frequency power, nebulization flow rate, and auxiliary argon flow rate. The effects of these parameters on plasma robustness and on signal to background ratio (SBR) were considered in parallel, allowing the evaluation of robustness and detectability using few and fast experiments to select the best conditions for the determination of the analytes. In this case, the proposed experiments were applied to the optimization of a method aimed at the determination of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Pb, V, and Zn in chocolate drink powder. The compromise conditions that allowed obtaining a robust and sensitive analytical method were radio frequency power of 1200 W, nebulization flow rate of 0.6 L/min, and auxiliary argon flow rate of 0.3 L/min. Using these conditions, recoveries between 95 and 105% and relative standard deviations lower than 5% were obtained for the majority of the analytes. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of 15 samples of chocolate drink powder. The highest concentrations of metallic species were found in diet and light products. 相似文献
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磷矿粉超微细化对磷有效性的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
以含P2O528.97%的同一胶磷矿制备的3种细度磷矿粉为供试材料.采用2%柠檬酸连续浸提的方法,研究了细度和厩肥发酵对磷矿粉释磷效果的影响.结果发现,连续3次浸提的枸溶性磷,细化磷矿粉PR2(400目)和细化磷矿粉PR3(800目)均较普通磷矿粉PR1(100目)提高,达显著水平(p>0.05),细度高的磷矿粉释磷快;磷矿粉与牛粪1:2混合发酵3周后,PR1、PR2、PR3的枸溶性磷含量分别达到发酵前的1.42倍、1.65倍和1.56倍,发酵后PR3的枸溶性磷含量达到未发酵普通磷矿粉PR1的2倍,显示了两种技术结合的累加效应;增加厩肥比例对等质量的磷矿粉活化效果好. 相似文献
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以4株溶磷细菌和5种磷矿粉为材料,对细菌溶磷作用与磷矿粉伴生性重金属元素释放间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,溶磷细菌在促进磷矿粉中磷溶出的同时,还促进了磷矿粉中伴生性重金属的释放,在测定的6种伴生性金属元素(Zn、Pb、Cu、Co、Ni、Cd)中,Zn最容易随细菌溶磷作用而释放,最多可占该磷矿粉中总Zn量的97.0%,Pb和Cd随细菌溶磷释放率皆低于10%;细菌溶磷作用强度与磷矿粉中各伴生性重金属释放量间的关系因磷矿粉产地和伴生性重金属种类而异。细菌作用于湖南石门磷矿粉和四川马边磷矿粉的溶磷量与Zn、Cu、Co、Ni释放量间(四川马边磷矿粉中Co除外)正相关,但未达到显著水平(r=0.50~0.95,P>0.05),但在溶解贵州开阳磷矿粉时,Zn、Co、Ni的释放量都与溶磷量显著正相关(r>0.88,P<0.05)。 相似文献
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为研究电子束辐照对天麻灭菌效果及其品质的影响,采用0(CK)、5、7、9、11、13 kGy剂量的电子束辐照处理天麻粉,测定天麻的微生物含量、色泽、理化性质、指纹图谱相似度及活性成分含量等指标。结果表明,经9 kGy辐照处理后,天麻中均未检出需氧菌、霉菌和酵母菌;辐照后天麻的L*值降低,9 kGy剂量总色差值变化最小;辐照对天麻的水分、总灰分含量均无显著影响,9~13 kGy吸收剂量下天麻的醇溶性浸出物含量显著增加(P<0.05);不同吸收剂量电子束辐照处理后天麻指纹图谱的相似度为0.995~0.998;辐照对天麻主要活性成分的总含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上,9 kGy电子束辐照处理既能减少天麻微生物含量,又能最大限度地保持其品质不受影响。本研究结果为电子束辐照在天麻灭菌工艺中的应用提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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为探讨不同制粉方式及不同粒度对黑小麦流变学特性及加工品质的影响,将运黑161黑小麦经直接粉碎法和回添法制得的全麦粉分别过80、100、120目筛,以运黑161黑小麦面粉为对照,分析全麦粉淀粉含量、水合特性、发酵特性以及流变学特性。结果表明,直接粉碎且过80目筛的全麦粉支链淀粉含量最高,为80.18%,破损淀粉含量最低,为9.93%,溶解度、膨润力最小,分别为2.5%和3%。回添法制备的全麦粉面团发酵高度、持气率小于直接粉碎法。直接粉碎且过80目筛全麦粉的粉质质量指数最高,为59.5,形成时间和稳定时间分别为3.45和3.2 min,较接近于黑小麦面粉,且该全麦粉的阻力值、最大阻力值在醒发时间135 min时最大,用该全麦粉制作的面包感官得分最高。综上,以直接粉碎且过80目筛制备的全麦粉为原料制作的全麦面包品质较好。本研究结果为黑小麦全麦面包研发提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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Pradip Bhattacharyya K. J. Reddy Viswatej Attili 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,220(1-4):327-337
Coal is one of the major sources of fuel for electricity production and will continue to be used for many more decades. Thus, it is important to study the effects of disposal of coal burning byproducts including fly ash into the environment. In this study, the solubility of cations and anions from the fly ash in water is discussed. Also, the fractionation of different metals from fly ash in water is studied to understand which fraction of the metals would likely be mobilized. The results from these studies suggested that the metals in the fly ash are bound mostly to carbonate, organic, and residual fractions. Also, when water solubility data are modeled with a geochemical model (Visual MINTEQ), the saturation index predictions suggested that brucite (Mg(OH)2) and calcite (CaCO3) could potentially precipitate and mineralize the atmospheric CO2. Such mineralization process could potentially reduce the leaching of toxic metals from fly ash. Results from this study will be helpful in understanding the fate of different metals from fly ash land disposal environments. 相似文献