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1.
不同磷肥用量对绿芦笋产量及营养品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年3~7月在西辽河平原的内蒙古民族大学实验农场,以4年生芦笋阿波罗(Asparagus officinalis L.cv.Apollo)为试材,研究了不同磷肥用量对绿芦笋产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明,施磷量在0~90 kg hm-2的范围内,绿芦笋产量随施磷量的增加呈先升高后略有降低的变化趋势,单支重和支数均有不同程度的增加。随着磷肥用量的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量增加,而类胡萝卜素的含量变化不大;采笋后期叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量均明显地高于采笋前期和中期。可溶性糖、粗蛋白和可溶性蛋白含量总体上随着施磷量的增加而增加;矿质元素含量在一定施磷水平下较高,高量施磷和不施磷处理含量均较低。在试验条件下,施磷量在72 kghm-2下,具有较高的产量和较好的营养品质。 相似文献
2.
不同氮肥用量对绿芦笋产量及营养品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2007年3~7月在西辽河平原的内蒙古民族大学实验农场,以3年生芦笋格兰德(Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Grande)为试材,研究了不同氮肥用量对绿芦笋产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明,采笋期施氮量在N 0~360 kg/hm2的范围内,绿芦笋产量和合格笋率均随施氮量的增加而增加;嫩茎抽生数和其叶绿素含量的增加是笋产量增加的主要原因。施氮促进细茎笋（直径小于0.5 cm）长粗从而降低了不合格笋的比例。随着氮肥用量的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量增加,而类胡萝卜素的含量变化不大。粗蛋白质、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖含量均随施氮量的增加而增加;矿质元素含量在适宜施氮水平下较高,高施氮和不施氮处理含量均较低。采笋前期芦丁含量较高且随施氮量的增加而减少,采笋后期芦丁含量降低,且处理间差异变小。在试验条件下,施氮量在N 240 kg/hm2左右,不仅具有较高的产量水平和较好的营养品质,而且增产效果明显。 相似文献
3.
氮磷钾对甜菜硝酸还原酶与亚硝酸还原酶的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以当前甜菜生产主栽品种KWS0143为试材,采用"3414"试验设计,探讨了氮磷钾肥对甜菜硝酸还原酶和亚硝酸还原酶活性的影响,及2种酶活性与甜菜产、质量的关系。结果表明,在甜菜生育期间,2种酶活性基本呈双峰曲线变化;随着施氮水平的升高,酶活性增强;磷肥与酶活性在生育中期呈显著或极显著正相关关系;硝酸还原酶活性在甜菜生育中前期、后期与产量、产糖量表现显著或极显著正相关关系,亚硝酸还原酶活性在甜菜生育中期与产量、产糖量正相关关系达到极显著水平。酶活性与含糖率则一直保持着负相关关系。 相似文献
4.
气象因素对向日葵生长发育和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
经研究分析，温度对向日葵的发芽出苗和苗期两个生育阶段长短及植生长发育速度影响极大，５ｃｍ地温与发芽出苗天数呈极显著的幂函数曲线关系，其回归说话方程为ｙ＝３６５ｘ＾－１．２３，日平均气温民苗期长短呈极显著的线性关系，ｙ＝８７．２４－２．１ｘ；日平均气温与植株发育速度呈极显著线性正相关，开花前期温度与灌桨期干物质积累比例和最终经济系数均呈反相关，相关系数分别为－０．８６７和－０．８５７。开花期间（前后 相似文献
5.
为了研究气候变化对西藏青稞产量的影响,采用西藏37个气象站点1986—2015年的气象资料,选取年均以及青稞生长期平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、降水量、空气相对湿度和日照时数以及逐年青稞产量数据,运用趋势分析、相关分析和逐步回归方法分析了气候变化趋势及其对青稞产量的影响。结果表明:1986—2015年以来西藏地区气温呈线性增加趋势,温度(平均气温、最高温和最低温)增加特别是最低温的增加与青稞产量增加呈极显著正相关,是影响青稞产量的最重要因素;降水量也是影响青稞产量的主要因素之一,与青稞产量呈极显著正相关;空气相对湿度对青稞产量的影响不显著;日照时数与青稞产量呈负相关,但相关性不显著。 相似文献
6.
不同类型甘薯品种氮、 钾积累分配及其与产量性状的关系 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
试验对6个不同类型甘薯品种的氮、钾积累动态、地上部与地下部氮、钾的分配差异进行了系统研究,同时分析了氮、钾含量与产量性状的关系。结果表明,不同甘薯品种藤蔓的氮含量自块根形成后逐渐下降,其干物质氮含量仅为2%左右,而块根氮含量在整个块根膨大期间变化较小,且前、后期含量基本一致。藤蔓和块根钾含量在块根膨大期间也相对稳定。藤蔓氮含量极显著高于块根氮含量;藤蔓与块根中的钾含量则相反。在不同类型甘薯之间,高淀粉类型（HS）品种块根干物质氮含量在0.68%～0.86%之间,藤蔓氮含量在1.98%～3.32%之间,低淀粉类型（LS）品种块根与藤蔓氮含量分别在0.69%～0.86%和2.00%～3.17%之间,但无论是藤蔓还是块根,氮含量在不同类型品种间无显著差异;高淀粉类型品种的块根钾含量为5.83%～6.66%,藤蔓钾含量为3.19%～3.70%,而低淀粉类型品种的块根与藤蔓钾含量分别为6.12%～6.36%与3.48%～3.90%。相关分析表明,对所有品种来说,块根的钾含量与其氮含量之间呈显著正相关,藤蔓的钾含量与根冠钾含量之比也达到了显著负相关;就高淀粉类型品种而言,藤蔓氮含量与干率之间、根冠钾含量之比与商品薯率之间均为极显著正相关,块根钾含量与生物产量呈显著负相关;低淀粉类型品种的藤蔓氮含量与生物产量呈显著正相关关系,藤蔓钾含量与生物产量、淀粉产量分别呈极显著正相关和显著负相关关系。 相似文献
7.
以2011年1月-2012年12月MODIS多时相遥感影像产品、气象数据和作物生育期为基础,借助SEBAL模型估算了黄淮海平原冬小麦实际蒸散量(ETa);通过MODIS NDVI光谱曲线特征与冬小麦单产数据的耦合,将县域尺度作物单产"降尺度"至基于像元的产量栅格图,实现冬小麦产量栅格化。在完成作物实际蒸散量模拟和产量栅格化的基础上,对黄淮海平原冬小麦水分生产力进行估算。结果表明,冬小麦水分生产力区域平均值为1.21kg·m~(-3),高值区主要位于北京、天津、山东北部和河北南部地区。在环渤海山东半岛滨海外向型二熟农渔区(一区)、海河低平原缺水水浇地二熟兼旱地一熟区(三区)和黄淮平原南阳盆地水浇地旱地二熟区(五区)冬小麦产量与水分生产力呈显著正相关,说明随着冬小麦产量的增加,其水分生产力增加;在燕山太行山山前平原水浇地二熟区(二区)冬小麦水分生产力与实际蒸散量呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与产量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),表明水分生产力将随着实际蒸散量的减少和产量的增加而增大,同时产量增加对水分生产力提高的贡献大于实际蒸散量的减少;在江淮平原丘陵麦稻两熟区(六区)冬小麦水分生产力与实际蒸散量呈显著负相关,与产量相关关系不明显,说明在黄淮海平原南部水分生产力的提高主要依靠实际蒸散量的减少。 相似文献
8.
不同氮水平对优质甘蓝型黄籽杂交油菜产量和品质性状的影响 总被引：28，自引：8，他引：28
以油研9号、10号为材料,研究不同氮肥施用水平对优质杂交油菜8个品质性状的影响,结果表明:氮肥对优质杂交油菜的含油率、芥酸、硫甙、种子蛋白质产生极显著的影响,对油酸影响不显著。对亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生烯酸的影响因品种而显著程度不同。含油率与施氮量间呈极显著的负相关,芥酸、花生烯酸与施氮量间呈极显著正相关,亚麻酸与施氮量间呈显著或极显著正相关,硫甙、亚油酸与施氮量间呈显著或极显著负相关,油酸与施氮量间呈不显著或显著正相关;各品质性状与施氮量间的相关性是完全一致的,只是相关显著程度不同。各品质性状间含油率与硫甙呈极显著正相关,与种子蛋白质呈极显著负相关。芥酸与种子蛋白质、亚麻酸、花生烯酸间均呈极显著正相关。硫甙与种子蛋白质、花生烯酸呈极显著负相关,与亚油酸呈显著正相关。种子蛋白质与花生烯酸呈极显著正相关。其它品质性状间的相关性是完全一致的,只是相关的显著程度不同。在本试验的土壤肥力条件和施氮水平范围内,获得最高产量和油产量的施氮量分别为210.kg/hm2和195.kg/hm2,且在获得高产时完全可保证油和饼粕的品质优良。 相似文献
9.
10.
基于小麦田间试验,采用ASD光谱仪连接余弦接收器实测小麦冠层宽波段反照率,并同步取样测试小麦覆盖指数、干物质积累量、含氮量及绿度特征等指标,对小麦冠层宽波段反照率与小麦长势的关系进行分析。结果表明,冠层反照率与叶面积指数(LAI)间呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),拟合方程的决定系数为0.74,与NDVI、EVI间均呈显著的线性函数关系(P0.05);冠层反照率与地上干物质积累量、叶茎含氮量间也均呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),拟合方程的决定系数分别为0.71、0.81和0.60。对于小麦叶片绿度特征,冠层反照率与其相关关系采用两段线性拟合效果较好,两个线性函数的决定系数分别为0.53、0.63。研究结果说明小麦冠层反照率与麦田覆盖特征关系密切,利用宽波段反照率监测小麦长势变化特征是可行的。 相似文献
11.
Marion I. Menzel Ana‐Maria Oros‐Peusquens Andreas Pohlmeier N. Jon Shah Ulrich Schurr Heike U. Schneider 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2007,170(1):24-38
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and complementary analytical techniques were used to address the question whether white asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) from different cultivation sites in Germany can be distinguished on the basis of NMR relaxation times. Five locations with contrasting soil properties and composition within the two asparagus‐cultivation regions Rhineland and Lower Franconia were selected for this project. For the first time, entire asparagus plants in their authentic soil environment excavated directly from the original harvest site were imaged by the NMR technique. However, they could not be employed for determination of relaxation times of spears in situ, because of artifacts arising from soil properties. Instead, market‐ready asparagus spears and freshly prepared spear saps from the five locations were used to acquire MRI data sets with different (slow and fast) imaging methods and to compute spatially resolved distributions (maps) of T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times. Comparison of the data for pith, vascular tissue, and peel of the spears yielded only marginal, if any, differences in T1, T2, and T2* between the specimens from the five locations, which were not sufficient for an unambiguous region‐related distinction. More pronounced differences in T1, T2, and T2* were visible for the spear saps, allowing a clear distinction between individual specimens for each of the two cultivation regions. The results are discussed in terms of an application potential for correlated NMR relaxation times of tissue saps for future geographic authentication of agricultural produces. 相似文献
12.
Effect of storage on wall-bound phenolics in green asparagus 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rodriguez-Arcos RC Smith AC Waldron KW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(11):3197-3203
The cell walls of green asparagus spears have been analyzed for their phenolic and carbohydrate composition as modified by postharvest storage. Esterified phenolic components were released by sequential alkaline hydrolysis and identified and quantified by diode array HPLC. Significant quantities of ferulic acid (FA) and its derivatives were found to increase at least 3-fold during storage, particularly in walls from the lower parts of the stem, where accompanying changes in sugar composition were also observed. In fresh asparagus, >60% of the total FA was in the form of diferulic acid, and this increased to approximately 70% after 3 days of storage. The main FA dehydrodimers were 8-8-, 8-O-4-, and 8-5-diferulates. These have been detected in other monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, but as a smaller proportion of the total FA. The possible roles phenolic esters might have in relation to the mechanical, textural, and wound-response properties of asparagus spears are discussed. 相似文献
13.
华北平原夏玉米主要生育期对气候变化的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1981-2009年华北平原夏玉米生育期和气象观测资料,采用线性回归方法分析华北平原各地区夏玉米主要生育期对气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：（1）1981-2009年华北平原夏玉米生育期内最低气温和平均气温均呈显著升高趋势（P<0.05）,升温趋势随纬度递减。日照时数呈极显著下降趋势（P<0.01）。降水量变化趋势不显著;（2）京津冀地区和山东省夏玉米主要生育期有显著（P<0.05）延迟的响应趋势,而河南省夏玉米主要生育期则显著（P<0.05）提前;（3）华北平原夏玉米全生育期天数呈极显著增加（2.72d·10a-1,P<0.01）的响应趋势,京津冀地区生育期天数增加最快,为3.36d·10a-1;（4）夏玉米全生育期天数与同期平均气温在大部区域呈负相关关系,回归系数在-7.16～3.17;生殖生长期天数与同期平均气温在大部区域呈负相关关系,回归系数在-3.56～1.87。生育期内平均气温每上升1℃,全生育期和生殖生长期天数分别平均缩短2.71d和1.07d。因此,在应对气候变化时,华北平原夏玉米不同区域的响应方式存在显著差异,应根据各区域的响应特征安排适宜的播种期并选用合适的品种类型。 相似文献
14.
为了进一步分析华北气候要素对小麦产量的影响,基于地处华北腹地的中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站,采用逐日作物生长动态模型模拟冬小麦生产潜力(Ymp),并计算其与充分灌溉条件下实际产量(Yh)的产量差距(YG),利用相关分析和逐步回归分析,进行Yh、YG与不同时段气候因子的关系分析。结果表明,抽穗前日照时数和各温度因子与YG表现为正相关趋势,而抽穗后日照时数、日较差与YG为负相关趋势。说明生育前期较好的光温条件更多地增加生产潜力,而后期光照、日较差增加可以更好地满足冬小麦旺盛生长的需要,更多地提升冬小麦的实际产量。从实际产量来看,整个小麦发育期多个时段的日照时数和气温日较差对Yh呈正相关的影响趋势,表明生长季较高的光照和日较差条件对冬小麦实际产量有利。几乎整个发育期降水量与YG表现出负相关趋势,但与充分灌溉条件的Yh相关不显著,说明降水对YG的影响主要在于对生产潜力的减少作用。只有6月上旬降水量与YG呈显著正相关,与Yh有较弱负相关,说明接近成熟时降水对充分灌溉条件的小麦产量可能有不利影响。 相似文献
15.
Sunada K Ding XG Utami MS Kawashima Y Miyama Y Hashimoto K 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(12):4819-4824
TiO 2 photocatalytic decomposition and detoxification of phytotoxic compounds released by the roots of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) were investigated from the viewpoint of conservation-oriented cultivation. The phytotoxically active fraction was extracted either from dried asparagus roots or from the recycled nutrient solution of an asparagus hydroponic cultivation system. We found that the phytotoxic activity gradually decreased in the fraction with TiO 2 powder under irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light at an intensity of 1.0 mW/cm (2). The growth of asparagus plants under actual cultivation conditions was also investigated by comparing asparagus grown in a hydroponic system where recycled waste nutrient solution was photocatalytically treated with solar light and a system with untreated recycled waste nutrient solution. The results showed, as measured by growth indices such as stem length and stem thickness, that asparagus growth in the photocatalytically treated system was superior to the untreated one. Furthermore, the yield of asparagus spears was 1.6-fold greater in the photocatalytically treated system, demonstrating the detoxification effect on the phytotoxic compounds and also the killing effect on pathogenic microorganisms. 相似文献
16.
Two commonly consumed plant foods, onion bulbs and asparagus spears, were subjected to typical domestic processing, including chopping, maceration, and boiling. The impact of these processes on flavonol content was assessed. Further, the consequences of these processes on the antioxidant capacity of the tissues were evaluated with the beta-carotene bleaching method. Chopping significantly affected rutin content in asparagus, yielding an 18.5% decrease in 60 min; but in onions, quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside (Q(DG)) and quercetin 4'-glucoside (Q(MG)) were virtually unaffected by chopping. Boiling for 60 min had more severe effects, as it caused overall flavonol losses of 20.6 and 43.9% in onions and asparagus, respectively. Chopping of tissues did not considerably influence the antioxidant capacity, but boiling did provoke notable changes. 相似文献
17.
Rodríguez R Jaramillo S Rodríguez G Espejo JA Guillén R Fernández-Bolaños J Heredia A Jiménez A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(13):5212-5217
Three different methods (antiradical activity, inhibition of primary oxidation, and ferric reducing power) have been used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of eight different asparagus cultivars and byproducts: white and green asparagus from Alcalá del Río (Guadalquivir Valley, Seville) and American hybrids, native spears, and their byproducts from Huétor-Tájar (Vega de Granada). The correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenol content was studied. Six standards were also tested to validate the modified methods for antioxidant activity determination. Results obtained for antiradical capacity and reducing power were very similar, and a high correlation with phenols was found (R > or = 0.9 for both tests). Sample origin was an important factor, spears from Huétor-Tájar having higher values (ARC between 7 and 10 and P(R) of 0.25-0.33) than those from Alcalá del Río (ARC 0.6-2 and P(R) of 0.05-0.07). Significant differences were found between spears with the same origin, suggesting that genetics are another factor to take into account. Asparagus inhibits lipid primary oxidation, but no correlation between the inhibition percentage and phenols was observed. Asparagus origin was the only factor that led to significant differences: samples from Huétor-Tájar had higher values (POIC between 18 and 32) than those from Alcalá del Río (POIC of 5-9). Byproducts from the canning industry at Huétor-Tájar were also assayed for antioxidant activity; the results obtained suggested that byproducts could be considered as an excellent source of natural antioxidants. 相似文献