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1.
为全面了解海南传统黎药艾纳香抗菌药效物质基础,本研究采用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶色谱以及高效液相色谱技术对艾纳香提取物进行系统化学成分研究。结果显示:共分离鉴定6个绿原酸类成分:3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸乙酯(1),3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(2),3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸甲酯(3),3,4-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸(4),3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎尼酸(5),1,3,5-O-三咖啡酰奎尼酸(6)。化合物1~6均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1为新天然产物。抗细菌活性评价显示化合物3对枯草芽孢杆菌及化合物6对金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑制活性,MIC值均为64μg/mL,推测绿原酸类为艾纳香的重要抗菌活性组成。 相似文献
2.
目的通过高效液相色谱法测定不同产地金银花中酚酸类的含量,考察金银花的质量情况。方法采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Capcell Pak C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相:为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液;梯度洗脱,流速为0.7 mL·min-1,检测波长为327 nm,柱温为25℃,进样量为2μL。结果酚酸类中绿原酸、3,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸和4,5-二-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸在测定范围内均呈良好的线性(R> 0.9991),方法的回收率在98.8%～101.6%之间。结论该方法操作简便、分离效果好、灵敏度高、重复性好,为较全面控制金银花药材的质量提供了一种可靠的方法。 相似文献
3.
为探讨菜用甘薯采收后追施氮肥量， 以 ‘徐菜薯 1 号’ 为试材， 在采收后施用不同水平的氮肥， 研究不同氮肥施用量对产量、 品质的影响， 并探讨了施用氮肥后硝酸盐含量随时间的动态变化规律。 结果显示， 随着氮肥施用量的增加， 菜用甘薯蛋白质、 硝酸盐含量显著升高， 黄酮、 维生素 C、 总糖、 多酚含量先升高后下降， 还原糖含量则不断下降。 总体来看， 选择施用 225.0 kg/hm2 氮肥， 菜用甘薯产量最高， 但营养品质差， 施用 75.0、 150.0 kg/hm2 氮肥， 菜用甘薯产量较高、 品质最优； 施用氮肥后菜用甘薯内硝酸盐含量不断增加， 在7 d 左右达到最大值， 而后不断降低， 在 11 d 左右降低到未施用氮肥水平； 菜用甘薯叶色值与氮肥施用量， 蛋白质、 硝酸盐含量等显著相关， 间接反映出菜用甘薯氮素水平。 研究结果表明： 适宜的氮肥施用量可以提高菜用甘薯产量、 营养品质， 降低硝酸含量。 氮肥施用后应留足够的间隔期才能采摘， 以免硝酸盐过量。 测定叶色值可以为合理施肥提供参考。 相似文献
4.
为了探明不同类型大麦品种籽粒中酚酸类化合物含量的差异,采用超声辅助提取、高效液相色谱测定的方法对15个大麦品种（系）籽粒中的13种酚酸含量进行了比较分析。结果表明,大麦籽粒中的酚酸类化合物主要是羟基苯甲酸衍生物,羟基肉桂酸衍生物含量较少。不同类型大麦品种籽粒中酚酸类化合物的含量存在极显著的差异,黑皮大麦籽粒中总羟基苯甲酸衍生物（THBA）、总羟基肉桂酸衍生物（THCA）和总酚酸（TPA）的含量均高于非黑皮大麦;二棱大麦籽粒中THBA、THCA和TPA的含量均高于多棱大麦;皮大麦籽粒中THCA和TPA的含量高于裸大麦,但THBA的含量与裸大麦无显著差异。另外,与裸大麦相比,皮大麦籽粒中含有更为丰富的酚酸种类。 相似文献
5.
采用DPPH体系、ABTS体系和Oyaizu法对白沙绿茶的甲醇提取物、70%乙醇提取物和水提取物的抗氧化活性进行测定,并利用HPLC-MS对活性较高的乙醇提取物的抗氧化特征性成分进行分析。结果表明:白沙绿茶3种提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力,呈浓度效应关系。其中3种提取物中以70%乙醇提取物对DPPH和ABTS清除能力最强,而还原力则弱于水提取物和甲醇提取物。通过HPLC-MS从70%乙醇提取物中得到24个酚类物质,其中15个酚类物质被鉴定为新绿原酸、花旗松素-3-O-芸香糖苷、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、去甲氧基姜黄素、表儿茶素、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、花旗松素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-双己糖苷、Di-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、槲皮素、山奈素-3-O-戊糖苷、牛蒡子苷、杨梅素和山奈素。 相似文献
6.
收集和鉴定了云南省和贵州省共46份灯盏花种质资源,筛选出适合生产不同药品的成分专用型种源,为专用型品种选育提供参考。利用HPLC测定了灯盏花种源10种活性成分含量,相关分析阐明各成分含量间的相关性,聚类分析对种质资源进行分类。结果表明：16份灯盏花种源灯盏乙素（scutellarin, SE）含量在2.5%以上,是培育灯盏花素专用型品种的优良材料,其中4份种源同时含有高含量（>1.0%）的双咖啡酰奎宁酸酯（dicaffeoylquinic acids, diCQAs）,是培育灯盏细辛专用型品种的优良材料;同时,筛选出8份总黄酮（total flavonoids, TFs）含量高于3.5%的种源,适合选育总黄酮专用品种。相关性分析表明,SE含量与diCQAs和TFs含量均显著正相关,是灯盏花品质育种的标志性成分。聚类分析将灯盏花种源分为三大类,除1个种源的SE含量和diCQAs含量接近（第Ⅲ类）外,其他种源SE均占总活性成分的60%以上,其中第Ⅰ类为高TFs型种源,TFs占到总活性成分的80%以上,diCQAs占总成分的15%以下;第Ⅱ类为高diCQAs型种源,diCQAs占总成分的16.9%~28.9%,TFs占到总活性成分的80%以下。该结果表明灯盏花种源活性成分组成存在多种类型,为专用型品种选育提供了可能,灯盏乙素含量可以作为专用型种源筛选的首要指标。 相似文献
7.
为了探明不同类型大麦品种籽粒中酚酸类化合物含量的变异规律，采用超声辅助提取、高效液相色谱法测定的方法对15个大麦品种（系）籽粒中的13种酚酸进行了提取、测定和分析。结果表明，大麦籽粒中的酚酸类化合物主要是羟基苯甲酸衍生物，羟基肉桂酸衍生物含量较少。不同品种和不同类型大麦品种籽粒中酚酸类化合物的含量存在极显著的差异，黑皮大麦籽粒中总羟基苯甲酸衍生物（THBA）、总羟基肉桂酸衍生物（THCA）和总酚酸（TPA）的含量均高于非黑皮大麦；二棱大麦籽粒中THBA、THCA和TPA的含量均高于多棱大麦；皮大麦籽粒中THCA和TPA的含量高于裸大麦，但THBA的含量与裸大麦无显著差异。另外，与裸大麦相比，皮大麦籽粒中含有更为丰富的酚酸种类。 相似文献
8.
咖啡作为世界三大饮料之一,中国咖啡主要分布在海南和云南地区。本研究以海南兴隆咖啡豆为原料,探究超声波辅助冷萃技术（以下简称超声冷萃）制备咖啡液的最优条件,并测定咖啡因、葫芦巴碱、绿原酸含量以及咖啡渣的微观结构。以超声时间、超声温度和超声功率为单因素,咖啡液总可溶性固形物提取率为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Behnken原理设计3因素3水平响应面试验,对超声冷萃提取条件进行优化得到最佳提取工艺,并以传统冷浸法为对照,采用超高效液相色谱法测定咖啡液葫芦巴碱、咖啡因、绿原酸的含量,扫描电子显微镜测定咖啡渣微观结构。结果表明,适当增加超声功率、超声时间和超声温度,咖啡液总可溶性固形物随之增加,影响咖啡液总可溶性固形物的提取率的主次因素为超声功率>超声时间>超声温度,超声冷萃制备咖啡液的最佳工艺参数为：超声功率500 W、超声时间35 min、超声温度20℃,在优化条件下,总可溶性固形物提取率为22.92%±0.16%,与响应面优化试验回归模型预测值（22.85%±0.12%）基本吻合。与传统冷浸法相比,超声冷萃制备所得咖啡液葫芦巴碱、咖啡因和绿原酸（3-CQA、4-CQA、5-CQA）含量分别为175.19 mg/L、317.71 mg/L和257.77 mg/L,均有所提高,咖啡渣表面微观结构更为破碎,说明超声冷萃破坏了植物细胞壁,从而释放出更多的可溶性物质,且超声冷萃显著缩短萃取时间。本研究优化制备咖啡液的超声冷萃提取工艺,结果表明超声波冷萃是一种有效的咖啡液提取技术,为咖啡精深加工及高值化产品研发提供理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
10.
为了筛选可以有效缓解菜用大豆低温胁迫伤害的外源试剂,并明确其对菜用大豆低温胁迫的调控效应。本试验以菜用大豆品种辽鲜1号为供试品种,以赤霉素、乙烯利、阿魏酸、γ-氨基丁酸、壳聚糖和绿原酸为供试试剂,比较外源试剂对低温胁迫下菜用大豆的抗氧化系统、渗透调节物质和氮代谢的影响,筛选能够增强菜用大豆低温胁迫耐性的外源试剂。结果表明：外源GA3、GABA处理显著提高了低温胁迫下菜用大豆的抗氧化酶活性,尤其是SOD和CAT活性,并显著提高了AsA和GSH含量,显著降低了超氧阴离子（O-2）含量,缓解了菜用大豆受到的氧化损伤。此外,外源GA3、GABA处理使菜用大豆可溶性糖和蔗糖含量显著增加,增强其细胞保水能力;同时显著提高了菜用大豆氮代谢酶活性,尤其是硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性,促进菜用大豆氮代谢作用,增强其低温胁迫耐性。由此可知,外源GA3和GABA处理通过调节抗氧化性、渗透调节物质和氮代谢来缓解菜用大豆的耐冷能力。 相似文献
11.
Potato constituents were monitored to evaluate their contribution to potato chip color. Five chipping potato varieties: Snowden, AC Ptarmigan, FL 1625, FL 1815 and ND2471-8 were evaluated. Ascorbic acid, sugars, phenolic acids, and amino acids were determined and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the color of potato chips was measured by both CIELab Hunter-ColorQuest and Agtron instruments. Composition and chip color varied among the different varieties. AC Ptarmigan and ND2471-8 produced the darkest chip color (on average L*= 49.0, chroma=19.5, and hue angle= 62.9) compared with FL 1815 (L*= 58.4, chroma= 28.3 and hue angle= 75.7). Reducing sugar concentration did not completely explain or predict color quality when it was present in low concentrations (ca. < 60 mg/100g). Other reactants present in the potato slices played an important role in the final color quality of potato chips. Multiple correlation analysis showed negative association of ascorbic acid (r= -0.7), fructose (r= -0.7), a chlorogenic acid isomer (r= -0.7), glucose (r= -0.7) and glutamine (r= -0.5) with potato chip color. Sucrose, chlorogenic acid and asparagine were poor estimators of chip color quality. 相似文献
12.
Summary Changes in the concentrations of 3-, 4- and 5-caffeoylquinic acids in potato tubers exposed to light have been determined
by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the first 24 to 48 hours the observed increases in total chlorogenic acid content
was due primarily to an increase in 5-caffeoylquinic acid content but thereafter the rate of accumulation of the other isomers
increased gradually. After 24 hours exposure 4-caffeoylquinic acid accounted for 10% of the total chlorogenic acid content
of the tubers compared with 33% after 168 hours. The significance of this change in isomeric ratio on the spectral characteristics
of potential ferrichlorogenic acid complexes was investigated in vitro. It was concluded that potato quality, as reflected
in the development of after-cooking blackening, was dependent on total chlorogenic acid content and was unaffected by the
relative concentrations of the individual isomers. 相似文献
13.
A comparative study of phenylpropanoid metabolism in gamma irradiated and unirradiated potato tubers
Summary Phenylpropanoid metabolism in gamma irradiated potato tubers was studied by examining the pattern of incorporation of radioactivity
from U-14C phenylalanine into caffeic acid. chlorogenic acid and the coniferyl and sinapyl moieties of lignin. During a post-irradiation
period of 21 days a depletion in chlorogenic acid was observed. This is a result of its impaired synthesis as well as an accelerated
conversion of chlorogenic acid to ferulic and sinapic acids and their deposition in lignin.
The results offer an explanation for the lower level of chlorogenic acid invariably observed in irradiated potato tubers. 相似文献
14.
Maribel Ovando-Martínez Nohemí Gámez-Meza Claudia Celeste Molina-Domínguez Corina Hayano-Kanashiro Luis Angel Medina-Juárez 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(2):116-121
Chiltepin, a wild chili mostly used in different traditional foods and traditional medicine in Northwest Mexico, represents a source of polyphenols. However, studies about the bioaccessibility of polyphenols as a parameter to measure the nutritional quality and bioefficacy of them in the fruit after consumption are scarce. Chiltepin showed phenolic acids and flavonoids contents between 387 and 65 μg/g, respectively. Nevertheless, these values decreased after the digestion process. Before digestion, gallic acid, 4-hydroxibenzoinc acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and luteolin were the main polyphenols found in chiltepin by HPLC-DAD and confirmed by FIA-ESI-IT-MS/MS. Gallic and chlorogenic acids were non-detected in the gastric phase, while only p-coumaric acid (5.35?±?3.89 μg/g), quercetin (5.91?±?0.92 μg/g) and luteolin (2.86?±?0.62 μg/g) were found in the intestinal phase. The bioaccessibility of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and total polyphenols after the intestinal phase was around 24, 17 and 23%, respectively. Overall, results indicated that release of polyphenols from chiltepin fruit might be affected by the food matrix and gastrointestinal conditions due to the low bioaccessibility values observed. 相似文献
15.
Transgenic herbicide-resistant sweet potato plants [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] produced through a biolistic transformation were used in this study. The objectives of this research were to (a) quantify resistance levels of transgenic sweet potato expressing the bar gene to glutamine synthetase (GS)-inhibitors, glufosinate and methionine sulfoximine, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide, oxyfluorfen and photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide, paraquat; (b) compare the relative chlorophyll content, quantum yield, growth, and tuberous root yield between transgenic and wild-type sweet potato; (c) compare the response of transgenic and wild-type sweet potato plants to chilling and high temperature, and (d) compare amino acids, minerals and sugar contents of transgenic and wild-type sweet potato tubers. The transgenic sweet potato lines were 20-82-fold more resistant to glufosinate than the wild-type. The representative transgenic line 7171 also showed resistance to methionine sulfoximine, but was not resistant to oxyfluorfen and paraquat, which have different target sites. The stem length, number of leaves, petiole length, shoot fresh weight, and storage roots of transgenic lines were lower than those of the wild-type in field experiments. Reduced growth and root yield were not due to reduced quantum yield and relative chlorophyll contents. Glufosinate increased the ammonium accumulation in leaves of wild-type plants, but had minimal or no effect on leaves of transgenic line 7171. There were differences in mineral contents, free sugars, total amino acids, and free amino acids in the petiole and storage roots between wild-type and line 7171. There was no difference in drought tolerance between wild-type and line 7171, but the transgenic line was more tolerant to chilling temperature than wild-type plants. Follow-up research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the growth and yield differences, different nutritional values, and differential response to low temperature between wild-type and transgenic sweet potato. 相似文献
16.
Sweet Potato Weevil Damage,Production Constraints,and Variety Preferences in Western Tanzania: Farmers’ Perception 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sweet potato weevils (Cylas spp.) are among the most important constraints to sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) production in most agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. Integration of farmers’ perception on sweet potato weevil damage, production constraints, and variety preferences is crucial in developing sweet potato varieties with farmer-preferred traits and weevil resistance. The aim of this study was to identify farmers’ perceptions on sweet potato weevil damage, production constraints, postharvest storage options, and criteria used to select and grow the best sweet potato varieties in western Tanzania. Surveys were conducted in four selected districts of western Tanzania (Nzega, Sikonge, Kigoma rural, and Kasulu) known for sweet potato production. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, focus group discussions (FGDs), and transect walk involving 122 sweet potato farmers. Weevil damage was reported by 84% of the respondents to be the overriding constraint to sweet potato production. Sweet potato diseases and drought were the next production constraints, reported by 57% and 54% of the respondents, respectively. Farmers’ preferred agronomic traits of sweet potato included high yield (25% of respondents), drought tolerance (24%), and disease and pest resistance (21%). Farmers’ preferred sweet potato culinary traits in the study areas were high dry matter content (reported by 21% of the respondents), followed by reduced cooking time, taste and fiber content (each reported by 19% of the respondents). The above-mentioned production constraints and farmers’ preferred traits are useful selection criteria for improving sweet potato with respect to weevil resistance and enhanced storage-root yield and quality. 相似文献
17.
基于甘薯叶绿体基因组,利用cpSSR分子标记,对104份甘薯栽培品种和地方品种进行遗传多样性分析并构建指纹图谱,为甘薯资源的保护鉴定和遗传改良提供参考。使用了11对cpSSR引物,在104个甘薯材料中总共扩增得到58条条带,多态性条带为47条,单条引物平均扩增的条带数为5.27,平均多态性百分率为81.03%。根据引物在甘薯材料中的扩增结果,构建104个甘薯品种的指纹图谱。对104个甘薯品种的扩增结果进行聚类分析,每个品种间的遗传距离为0.0386~5.2723,平均遗传距离为0.2201,在遗传系数为0.74时将104个甘薯品种分为5组。 相似文献
18.
本研究以‘北京1号’甘薯为试验材料,人工模拟机械损伤后采用不同浓度（25、50、100、200 mg/L）脱落酸（ABA）进行愈伤处理,研究采后ABA处理对甘薯块根的愈伤作用。结果表明:采后ABA处理能有效促进甘薯伤口处愈伤木栓组织的形成,其中以100 mg/L ABA愈伤3 d效果最佳。采后ABA处理能有效提高甘薯愈伤组织苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性,提升总酚、类黄酮含量,减少甘薯重量损失。相关性分析表明,ABA处理甘薯木质素含量与总酚、类黄酮含量之间呈极显著相关（P<0.01）,PAL酶活力与POD和PPO酶活力呈极显著相关（P<0.01）。综上所述,采后ABA处理可通过激发甘薯损伤部位组织的苯丙烷代谢、提高愈伤防御酶活性及次生代谢产物的合成,达到促进甘薯块根愈伤形成的目的。 相似文献
19.
The Seasonal Variation in Bioactive Compounds Content in Juice from Organic and Non-organic Tomatoes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ewelina Hallmann Janusz Lipowski Krystian Marszałek Ewa Rembiałkowska 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2013,68(2):171-176
A specific objective of this paper was to evaluate seasonal changes in bioactive compounds level (carotenoids and polyphenols) in juice prepared from organic and non-organic tomatoes in Poland. In the examined tomato juice, the content of dry matter, vitamin C, carotenoids as well as polyphenols (by HPLC method) has been measured. The presented results indicate the impact of the growing system and the year of production on the composition of tomato juice. The organic tomato juice contained significantly more beta-carotene, chlorogenic acid, rutin as well as more total phenolic acids, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, total flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-glucoside and quercetin in comparison with the non-organic. The tomato juice from 2008 contained significantly more carotenoids and some flavonoids compared to the one produced in 2009, which contained significantly more dry matter, vitamin C, as well as quercetin and it derivatives. 相似文献
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为筛选适合热带地区种植的甘薯品种,以18份甘薯种质资源为研究对象,采用生理生化方法测定块根主要营养品质,通过隶属函数与因子分析,综合评价甘薯块根营养品质特征。结果表明：不同甘薯品种间产量和营养品质指标差异显著;相关性分析表明,块根各营养品质组分既相互独立又相互联系,大多数品质指标之间具有一定的相关性;7个营养品质指标转化数据经因子分析提取3个公因子,被提取的3个公因子累积方差贡献率达85.51%,3个公因子对7个指标变量贡献范围为0.78~0.95,其中影响块根品质的关键因子依次为：可溶性糖、蔗糖、类黄酮、干率组成的公因子1,淀粉、纤维素组成的公因子2,可溶性蛋白组成的公因子3;不同甘薯品种营养品质综合评价差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）,综合评价筛选出5个综合性状优良的品种,分别为‘福建1号’‘海口3’‘美国番薯’‘文昌6’‘龙岩2’,这些品种可以用于进一步的推广利用。 相似文献