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1.
Twenty primiparous sows were allocated to two treatments to evaluate the effects of maternal 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD3) supplementation during gestation and lactation on milk quality and serum bone status markers of sows and bone quality of piglets. Immediately after mating, sows were randomly allotted to one of two diets supplemented with 50 µg/kg 25OHD3 or basal diets without 25OHD3. Blood and milk samples were obtained. At birth and weaning, 10 piglets from each treatment were killed for bone quality analysis. 25OHD3‐fed sows provided one more piglet at farrowing and 1.17 more piglets at weaning than sows fed basal diets. The contents of solids not‐fat, protein, fat or lactose were increased in milk from days 7 and 14 of lactation in 25OHD3‐supplemented sows and 25OHD3 concentrations in milk were increased by dietary 25OHD3 supplementation. Dietary 25OHD3 supplementation increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity but had no effect on serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity of sows. Maternal 25OHD3 supplementation improved bone strength, density and ash content of newborn piglets rather than those of weaning piglets. In conclusion, 25OHD3 supplementation in maternal diets improved reproductive performance, milk quality and bone status of sows as well as bone quality of newborn piglets.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various fat sources (3.8–3.9% of diet) during late pregnancy and lactation on the reproductive performance, fatty acids profile in colostrum, milk and serum of sow progeny. A total of 80 multiparous sows were randomly fed a control (adding no oil), palm oil (PO), fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) supplemented diet from 90 days of pregnancy to weaning. Supplementation of FO increased litter size of weak piglets, compared with the control‐fed sows (P < 0.05). Dietary FO and SO supplementation, enhanced the weaning survival rate, litter weaning weight, litter weight gain and fat content in milk (P < 0.05). The highest immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM levels in colostrum and milk were observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the highest concentration of C22:5 (n‐3) and C22:6 (n‐3) in colostrum, milk and piglet serum was observed in the FO group (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary inclusion of FO or SO improved growth performance of nursing piglets by increasing milk fat output, and FO consumption by sows might benefit the piglets via increasing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid availability and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) secretion.  相似文献   

3.
To evaluate effects of tail docking and/or teeth clipping on sows and their piglets, a total of 24 sows and their 302 piglets at 3 days of age were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: teeth clipping and tail docking (TCTD), teeth clipping (TC), tail docking (TD), or intact teeth and tail (Intact). Behavior of piglets and sows, lesions on the body and tail of piglets and sows' teats were inspected. Heart rates of processed piglets were increased (p < .01) during the procedures. Teeth clipping decreased body surface temperature (p < .01) of piglets during and after the procedures but tail docking did not (p > .01). Processed piglets spent more (p < .05) time lying alone and playing/fighting than sham‐processed piglets. Tail docked piglets spent less (p < .01) time standing than tail sham‐docked piglets. Intact teeth increased (p < .05) the avoidance behaviors of sows. Teeth clipping decreased (p < .05) the lesion scores on the anterior, middle, and posterior teats. Taken together, piglet teeth clipping had more impact on sows and their piglets than tail docking did in the lactation period based on our findings.  相似文献   

4.
Follicle development and timing of ovulation are indicators of the reproductive performance of sows. The present study aimed to determine factors influencing pre-ovulatory follicle diameter and weaning-to-ovulation interval (WOI) in spontaneously ovulating sows in tropical climates with special emphasis on breed, parity and backfat thickness at weaning. In total, 80 sows were included in the study. Follicle development was determined by using transrectal real-time B-mode ultrasonography every 6 hr after standing oestrus. Weaning-to-oestrous interval (WEI), oestrous-to-ovulation interval (EOI), WOI and the diameter of graafian follicles were investigated in relation to breed, parity number (1, 2–3 and 4–7) and backfat thickness (low, moderate and high) of sows. Overall, WEI, EOI, WOI and the pre-ovulatory follicle diameter were 92.5 ± 21.6 hr, 64.3 ± 19.3 hr, 156.3 ± 29.1 hr and 10.3 ± 2.0 mm, respectively. Pre-ovulatory follicle size was smaller in primiparous sows compared with sows of greater parity, 4–7 (9.7 ± 0.51 and 11.7 ± 0.52 mm, respectively, p < .05). Weaning-to-ovulation interval was positively correlated with WEI (r = 0.75, p < .001) and EOI (r = 0.66, p < .001), but negatively correlated with size of the graafian follicle (r = –0.34, p < .01). Sows with a shorter WEI had a larger pre-ovulatory follicle diameter (at 64 hr after oestrus) (r = –0.37, p < .01). Sows with low backfat thickness had a WOI 23.4 hr longer than those with moderate backfat thickness (p < .05) and 17.6 hr longer than sows with a high backfat thickness (p = .140). The follicle diameter in primiparous sows with high backfat thickness (11.7 ± 1.1 mm) was higher than in those with low (8.9 ± 0.7 mm, p < .05) or moderate (8.6 ± 0.8, p < .05) backfat thickness. In conclusion, factors influencing follicle diameter and WOI in sows included parity number and backfat thickness at weaning. The impact of backfat thickness on follicle diameter, WEI and WOI was most pronounced in primiparous sows.  相似文献   

5.
Fixed‐time post‐cervical artificial insemination (FTAI) drastically reduces labour requirements and increases the use of boars with higher genetic merit. This study evaluated the efficiency of eCG administration combined with/without the GnRH agonist buserelin for the induction and synchronization of ovulation in weaned sows submitted to FTAI. The sows were allocated into three groups. In the control group, the first artificial insemination was performed at the onset of oestrus and repeated every 24 hr. In the eCG+GnRH group, sows received 600 IU eCG at weaning and buserelin (10 μg) after 86–89 hr of eCG, and in the GnRH group, sows received only buserelin after 86–89 hr of weaning. The hormone‐treated sows received a single FTAI after 30–33 hr of buserelin application. All the sows were inseminated with homospermic doses (1.5 × 109 sperm cells/50 ml). The interval between weaning and ovulation was shorter (p < .05) in the eCG+GnRH (133.3 hr) and GnRH (135.9 hr) groups than the control (141.5 hr) group. In the eCG+GnRH group, the sows ovulated earlier (p < .05) than those in the GnRH group (44.5 vs. 48.2 hr after buserelin administration). The reproductive performance of GnRH sows was not compromised when only sows exhibiting oestrus at the time of insemination were considered, but lower farrowing rate and smaller litter size were observed in eCG+GnRH sows. The reproductive performance of eCG+GnRH sows was primarily compromised because the insemination was performed outside the optimal time relative to ovulation; therefore, it is advisable to inseminate them before 116–122 hr after weaning.  相似文献   

6.
Mastitis metritis agalactia (MMA) is a common disease in post-partum sows and has a negative effect on sows’ longevity as well as on sows’ and piglets’ health. MMA leads to an inflammatory state. The aim was to investigate the impact of MMA on bone and fat metabolism. The hypothesis was that it is possible to predict MMA by measuring ketone bodies and bone markers. Blood samples from 175 sows were taken within 72 hr after farrowing. Serum was analysed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)-D), serum crosslaps (CTX-I), osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), triglycerides (TG), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and haptoglobin. Spontaneous urine was collected, and pH value was measured in addition to Ca and P. A proximate analysis of the sows’ diets was performed. Age, litter size, body condition score (BCS) and clinical signs of MMA were recorded for each sow. A multivariable logistic regression was undertaken with disease status (MMA or healthy) as the dependent variable. Significance was accepted at p < .05. MMA sows had a poorer BCS (p < .001) in relation to healthy sows. Age and number of piglets did not differ. MMA sows showed increased serum CTX-I (p = .004) and decreased serum OC (p < .001). Concentrations of P (p = .007), activity of ALP (p = .002) and BHB (p = .019) as well as TNF-α (p < .001) and haptoglobin (p = .048) concentrations were increased in MMA sows. No difference in urinary pH value between MMA and healthy sows was found. Our results are in accordance with the known fact that sows are in an extreme catabolic state peripartum. Bone metabolism in MMA sows is much more negatively affected than in healthy sows post-partum, due to inflammatory processes shown by higher concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines.  相似文献   

7.
Dietary supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), as an alternative source of vitamin D, is becoming increasingly popular due to its commercialization and more efficient absorbability. The addition of 25OHD3 rather than its precursor vitamin D3 can circumvent the 25-hydroxylation reaction in the liver, indicating that supplementation of 25OHD3 can rapidly improve the circulating vitamin D status of animals. Emerging experiments have reported that maternal 25OHD3 supplementation could increase sow performances and birth outcomes and promote circulating vitamin D status of sows and their offspring. Increased milk fat content was observed in many experiments; however, others demonstrated that adding 25OHD3 to lactating sow diets increased the contents of milk protein and lactose. Although an inconsistency between the results of different experiments exists, these studies suggested that maternal 25OHD3 supplementation could alter milk composition via its effects on the mammary gland. Previous studies have demonstrated that adding 25OHD3 to sow diets could improve the mRNA expressions of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in the mammary gland cells from milk and increase the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the mammary gland tissue. Maternal 25OHD3 supplementation promotes skeletal muscle development of piglets before and after parturition, and improves bone properties including bone density and bone breaking force in lactating sows and their piglets. Interestingly, 25OHD3 supplementation in sow diets could improve neonatal bone development via regulation of milk fatty acid composition related to bone metabolism and mineralization. In this review, we also discuss the effects of adding 25OHD3 to sow diets on the gut bacterial metabolites of suckling piglets, and propose that butyrate production may be associated with bone health. Therefore, to better understand the nutritional functions of maternal 25OHD3 supplementation, this paper reviews advances in the studies of 25OHD3 for sow nutrition and provides references for practical application.  相似文献   

8.
In the present study, the effects of dietary resistant starch (RS) content on serum metabolite and hormone concentrations, milk composition, and faecal microbial profiling in lactating sows, as well as on offspring performance was investigated. Sixteen sows were randomly allotted at breeding to two treatments containing low‐ and high‐RS contents from normal and high‐amylose corn varieties, respectively, and each treatment had eight replicates (sows). Individual piglet body weight (BW) and litter size were recorded at birth and weaning. Milk samples were obtained on day 10 after farrowing for composition analysis. On day 2 before weaning, blood and faecal samples were collected to determine serum metabolite and hormone concentrations and faecal microbial populations, respectively. Litter size at birth and weaning were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the sow dietary treatments. Although feeding the RS‐rich diet to sows reduced (p = 0.004) offspring birth BW, there was no difference in piglet BW at weaning (p > 0.05). High‐RS diet increased (p < 0.05) serum triacylglycerol and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations and milk total solid content, and tended (p = 0.09) to increase milk fat content in lactating sows. Feeding the RS‐rich diet to sows increased (p < 0.01) faecal bacterial population diversity. These results indicate that high‐RS diets induce fatty acid mobilization and a greater intestinal bacterial richness in lactating sows, as well as a greater nutrient density in maternal milk, without affecting offspring performance at weaning.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of dietary resveratrol supplementation during gestation and lactation of sows on the milk composition of sows and the fat metabolism of sucking piglets. Forty sows were allotted to two experimental treatment groups that included the following: (a) control sows (CON treatment, n = 20) fed with a corn–soybean meal control diet and (b) treatment sows (RES treatment, n = 20) fed with a control diet with addition of 300 mg/kg resveratrol. The results showed that the content of lactose in the colostrum was increased (p < 0.05) and the content of fat in 21‐day milk was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary resveratrol supplementation. In the RES treatment group, the concentrations of high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), lipase activity and insulin (INS) in plasma of sucking piglets were increased (p < 0.05). In the adipose tissue, the enzyme activities of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) increased significantly by RES treatment (p < 0.05), and the mRNA levels of acetyl coenzyme A‐alpha (ACCα), LPL, fatty acid transport protein (FATP1) and CCAAT–enhancer‐binding protein gene (C/EBPα) were higher in the RES treatment group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resveratrol supplementation on gestational and lactating sows improved the content of lactose in the colostrum and the content of fat in milk at day 21 of lactation. In addition, resveratrol supplementation on sows increased HDL and LDL in the plasma of piglets. In piglet adipose tissue, the enzyme activity and mRNA level related to lipolysis, fatty acid uptake from circulating triacylglycerols and lipogenesis are partially improved by resveratrol supplementation on sows. These aspects affect fat metabolism in piglets.  相似文献   

10.
In this study, we investigated the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and Enterococcus faecalis (EF), singly and in combination, on the dry matter intake (DMI), milk production and composition, and faecal microflora of Saanen dairy goats. Fifty goats were randomly divided into five groups: (a) basal diet (control); (b) basal diet + SC; (c) basal diet + BS; (d) basal diet + EF; and (e) basal diet + mixed probiotics. Each treated animal received 5 g/d of probiotics for a total administration of 5 × 1,011 CFU/goat per day. The inclusion of B. subtilis and E. faecalis in the diet of lactating Saanen goats increased DMI (p < .05). Enhanced milk yield was observed with BS and EF. Milk fat percentage was significantly increased by feeding mixed probiotics compared with the control (p < .05); supplying SC, BS and mixed probiotics enhanced the protein percentage (p < .05). The milk lactose percentage in the SC and BS groups was higher than in the control (p < .05). The amount of milk total solids was higher after feeding EF or mixed probiotics than in the control group (p < .05). Non-fat solids showed no notable differences among groups (p > .05). There was no significant influence on gut bacterial abundance and diversity from adding these three probiotics, singly or in combination. Bacteroidales, Escherichia–Shigella and Christensenellaceae abundances were decreased by supplying these probiotics but Succinivibrionaceae increased. In conclusion, there were positive influences of probiotic feed supplementation on intake, milk performance and intestinal microecology.  相似文献   

11.
The consumption of colostrum at a low level can compromise the survival and growth of piglets. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of farrowing induction on colostrum yield, IgG concentration and the survival and performance of piglets until the weaning. Sows of parity 3 to 7 were assigned into two groups: Control (n = 48), sows with spontaneous farrowing; and induction (n = 48), sows induced to farrow on day 114 of gestation with a PGF2 analogue. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from the sows, at farrowing and 24 hr later. Blood samples from the piglets were collected at 24 hr after birth. The performance of the piglets was evaluated in a subsample of 28 litters from each group. All piglets were weighed at 7, 14 and 20 days of age. The farrowing length, the number of piglets born alive, stillborn piglets, weight at birth, litter weight at birth and colostrum yield were not significantly affected (p > .05) by farrowing induction. There was no difference between the groups (p > .05) in the percentage of sows with obstetric interventions. Serum IgG concentration, in both sows and piglets, and colostrum IgG concentration were similar between the groups (p > .05). Furthermore, survival rate, piglet weight and litter weight at 7, 14 and 20 days of age were also similar between the groups (p > .05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the farrowing induction performed on day 114 of gestation does not affect the colostrum yield, the IgG concentration in colostrum and serum of piglets, and the litter performance until the weaning.  相似文献   

12.
A total of 48 sows were allocated to four groups (12 sows per group) at the 99th day of pregnancy and were treated throughout two consecutive breeding cycles, as follows: (a) control group: no treatment; (b) group BC1: 400 mg β‐carotene/sow/day via feed from 7 days prior to the expected farrowing, until the 30th day postservice; (c) group BC2: 400 mg β‐carotene/sow/day via feed from 7 days before weaning up to service, followed by 200 mg β‐carotene until the 30th day postservice; and (d) group BC inj: four intramuscular (i.m.) injections of 200 mg β‐carotene/sow (on the 100th day of pregnancy, on the day of farrowing, on the day of weaning and on the first day of oestrus). Serum β‐carotene equivalents, vitamin A and IgG concentrations were determined in sows at several times of the breeding cycle. Moreover, serum IgG concentrations were determined in piglets on the second day of lactation and at weaning. Data relating to sow reproductive parameters and litter parameters were also recorded. It was shown that concentrations of serum β‐carotene equivalents were elevated only in the BC inj group during lactation and at service, while serum vitamin A concentrations were also elevated in the BC inj group only at oestrus. There was no effect of β‐carotene on the oestrus intensity score, the weaning‐to‐oestrus interval, the number of returns to oestrus per sow and the farrowing‐to‐farrowing interval. The number of piglets born alive was greater in the BC inj group compared with the controls, while the litter size at weaning was greater in the groups BC1, BC2 and BC inj compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Supplementation of β‐carotene did not appear to influence the serum IgG concentration in sows and piglets.  相似文献   

13.
Forty‐five multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; parity: 3.58 ± 1.30) were used to determine the effects of three patterns of feed intake during early lactation on the performance of lactating sows. Experimental treatments were as follows: IFI‐1.4, the amount of feed increased by 1.4 kg per day for the first 5 days post‐farrowing, followed by ad libitum feeding until weaning; IFI‐1.0, the amount of feed increased by 1.0 kg per day for the first 7 days post‐farrowing, followed by ad libitum feeding until weaning; IFI‐0.7, the amount of feed increased by 0.7 kg per day for the first 10 days post‐farrowing, followed by ad libitum feeding until weaning. The number of live piglets at birth/litter in three dietary treatments was 11.50, 10.07, and 10.85, respectively. Sows in the IFI‐1.4 treatment had lower backfat loss during lactation, greater daily feed intake during days 1–6, 7–12, and 1–24 compared with those in the IFI‐0.7 treatment (p < .05). The litter weaning weight, litter weight gain, and average litter daily gain in the IFI‐1.4 treatment were greater compared with those in the IFI‐0.7 treatment (p < .05). In conclusion, the results indicated that the IFI‐1.4 feed intake pattern allowed lactating sows and their litters to obtain optimal performance.  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementing the feed ration for lactating sows with the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth performance and losses of piglets from birth to weaning. The monitoring comprised 20 litters in control and 20 litters in experimental group of Czech Large White × Czech Landrace hybrid combination sows. The control group was given a standard feed mixture for lactating sows, and experimental group was fed with the feed mixture supplemented with 2% of CLA, from the day of farrowing to the weaning of piglets, that is for the time of 28 days. The results of the experiment indicate the significantly better parameters of the numbers of reared piglets in the experimental group and the related lower level of losses of piglets from birth to weaning (p < 0.01). However, the feed mixture for lactating sows enriched in conjugated linoleic acid had no significant effect on the growth performance of piglets from birth to weaning (p > 0.05). Sows in the experimental group showed earlier onset of post‐partal oestrus after weaning of piglets (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the supplementation of diet for lactating sows with CLA can improve survival of piglets from birth to weaning and shortening of weaning‐to‐oestrous interval in sows.  相似文献   

15.
We investigated if probiotic supplementation could improve the health and reproductive performance of unvaccinated lactating sows infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) virus. Twenty unvaccinated pregnant sows were equally allocated to probiotic‐supplemented (P) and control (C) groups. For the experiment, 15 g/day of probiotic compound BIO‐THREE PZ was given to P sows. Reproductive performance was checked daily. The number of neonates fostered by each sow was maintained at eight throughout the experiment. Individual milk production post‐parturition was measured twice. Milk protein and fat ratios were determined by a milk analyzer. Total immunoglobulin (Ig) A and G concentrations were measured by ELISA. At day 7 post‐parturition, the body weight of P sows was 10 kg higher than that of C sows, and at day 3 post‐parturition, P sows produced more milk (+2 kg) and had a higher IgA concentration in whey than did C sows (p < .05). Finally, unlike C sows, P sows tended to return to estrus faster, and had larger piglets at birth with a lower mortality percentage during early days of suckling. In conclusion, probiotic compound BIO‐THREE PZ helped strengthen the immune system of unvaccinated, PED‐infected sows and improved their reproductive performance.  相似文献   

16.
Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.  相似文献   

17.
Moringa oleifera has been considered as a potential functional feed or food, since it contains multiple components beneficial to animal and human. However, little is known about the effects of Moringa oleifera supplementation on productive performances in sows. In the current study, the results showed that dietary Moringa oleifera significantly decreased the farrowing length and the number of stillborn (p < .05), while had an increasing trend in the number of live-born (0.05 < p < .10). Furthermore, 8% Moringa oleifera supplementation significantly elevated protein levels in the colostrum (p < .05); 4% Moringa oleifera lowed serum urea nitrogen of sows after 90 days of gestation (p < .05) and significantly decreased serum glucose on 10 days of lactation (p < .05). Both groups showed significant elevation in serum T-AOC activity (p < .05). The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) of sows declined significantly in 4% Moringa oleifera addition group (p < .05). 8% Moringa oleifera meal significantly elevated serum CAT activity after 60 days of gestation (p < .05), while decreased the serum MDA level and increased the serum GSH-Px activity of sows at 10 days of lactation (p < .05). Of piglets, both two dosages of Moringa oleifera supplementation essentially reduced the serum urea nitrogen (p < .05), and 4% Moringa oleifera meal increased serum total protein (p < .05). In addition, piglets that received 8% Moringa oleifera had the highest serum CAT and SOD activities among all groups (p < .05). The present study indicated that Moringa oleifera supplementation could enhance the reproduction performances, elevate protein levels in the colostrum and improve the serum antioxidant indices in both sows and piglets.  相似文献   

18.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diet type (normal or low Ca and P diets) and 25(OH)D3 supplementation (with or with not 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3) during late gestation on the serum biochemistry and reproductive performance of aged sows and newborn piglets. A total of 40 sows, which are at their 7th parity, were divided into four groups: control group (standard diet), low Ca group, 25(OH)D3 group and low Ca plus 25(OH)D3 group respectively (10 in each group). The blood of sows on day 100 and 114 of gestation and newborn piglets was collected for serum biochemical analyses. Results showed that the reproductive performance of sows was not influenced by diet type or 25(OH)D3 supplementation (p > 0.05). And the addition of 25(OH)D3 to diet low Ca group caused that the content of serum TG in sows on day 100 of gestation was not different from that of the control group (p > 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly decreases the content of serum TG in sows on day 114 of gestation (p < 0.05). The addition of 25(OH)D3 significantly increased the content of serum UREA and CREA in newborn piglets (p < 0.05). Overall, feeding 2000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 to aged sows at late gestation had no effects on reproductive performance, but partly contributed to keeping serum TG balance in sows and may indicate increased pressure on kidneys in newborn piglets.  相似文献   

19.
Metabolic homeostasis is aligned with changes in growth and body composition, through processes mediated by circulating metabolites and metabolic hormones, and is eventually linked to reproductive success. In the present study with sheep, we determined the relationships among phenotypic and genotypic rates of growth, muscle and fat accumulation, and the circulating concentrations of metabolic and tested for relationships with the timing of puberty and subsequent reproductive outcomes. We used 64 females and 62 males with known phenotypic values for depth of eye muscle (EMD) and fat (FAT) and known Australian Sheep Breeding Values at post‐weaning age for live weight (PWT), depth of eye muscle (PEMD) and depth of fat (PFAT). Blood plasma sampled every 20 min for 8 hr via was assayed for growth hormone (GH), insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I), insulin, leptin, ghrelin, follistatin, glucose and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA). In males, PWT was positively related to the concentrations of GH, follistatin and glucose, whereas FAT and PFAT were positively related to IGF‐I concentrations (p < .01). Testosterone concentration was negatively related to muscle variables (p < .001) and to PFAT (p < .05). In females, the only significant relationship detected was the positive link between EMD and insulin concentrations (p < .05). Reproductive variables were only measured in females. Live weight at first oestrus was related positively to insulin concentration and negatively to GH concentration (p < .05). No other relationships with reproductive variables were significant. The relationships that were detected suggest subtle differences between the sexes in the way their metabolic homeostasis responds to changes in the rates of growth, and muscle and fat accumulation, perhaps due to interference by testosterone in the males.  相似文献   

20.
The experiment was designed to study the use of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) with urea (U) supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane (CH4) production, milk production and composition in lactating dairy cows. Four Holstein crossbred lactating dairy cows, with starting liveweight of 450 ± 15 kg with 130 ± 10 DIM (days-in-milk), were randomly allocated to respective treatments: without supplementation (control; T1), supplementation of urea (U) at 90 g/hd/day (T2), supplementation of RP at 450 g/hd/day (T3) and supplementation of RPU (RP at 450 g/hd/day and U 90 g/hd/day) (T4), respectively, using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The results showed that the U, RP and RPU supplementation did not change feed intakes (p > 0.05) and digestibilities of DM and OM were similar. However, digestibilities of CP and NDF were increased in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Acetate production was decreased, while propionate production was dramatically increased (p < 0.05) in both the RP and RPU groups respectively. Notably, the ratio of C2:C3, protozoal population and CH4 production was reduced in both the RP and RPU groups. In addition, nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion were significantly higher while nitrogen retention was increased in the U and RPU groups. Allantoin excretion and absorption, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of microbial N supply were increased in the U and RPU supplementation groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, milk yield, milk fat and total solids were significantly enhanced in the U and RPU groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the 3.5% FCM was increased (p < 0.05) while milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat and milk urea nitrogen were not altered (p > 0.05). Supplementation of either U or RPU significantly improved fibre digestibilities, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, reduced protozoal population, mitigated CH4 production and enhanced milk yield and milk composition.  相似文献   

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