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1.
The growth performance, body composition, fillet fatty acid content, serum hepatic enzymes and postprandial changes in serum lipid metabolism of hybrid sturgeon (70.8 ± 0.5 g) were investigated to determine the effects of total replacement of 80 g kg‐1 fish oil (diet A) with linseed oil (diet B) and soybean oil (diet C), respectively. No significant differences in weight gain rate and specific growth ratio were observed among all fish groups (p > .05). Diet A fish group had the highest, but diet B fish group had the lowest feed intake (p < .05). Feed efficiency of fish fed diet A was significantly lower than the other two fish groups (p < .05). Fish fed diet A had the lowest fillet and liver lipid contents (p < .05). Serum lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities of fish fed diet A were significantly lower than those of fish fed diets B and C (p < .05). The contents of linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and linolenic acid (C18:3n3) in fillets showed a significantly positive linear correlation with the diets. Serum glucose and non‐esterified fatty acid were just affected by the time point (p < .05). The lipid source, time point and interaction of both factors had significant effects on serum triglyceride, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < .05). Serum total cholesterol was only affected by interaction of time point and lipid source (p < .05), and ketone body was not affected by lipid source, time point or interaction of both factors (p > .05). In summary, total replacement of fish oil with linseed oil or soybean oil had no significant adverse effects on hybrid sturgeon growth during 84‐day period, and linoleic acid and linolenic acid in fillet were modified by dietary treatments.  相似文献   

2.
A 12‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of low fishmeal and phytase replacing inorganic phosphorus on juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baeri Brandt ♀ × A. schrenckii Brandt ♂). Four experimental diets were designed as FM100p, FM100, FM250p and FM250, which represented 10% and 25% fishmeal with or without phytase, respectively. The results showed that although growth parameters had no significant difference in all treatments, low fishmeal obviously decreased the culture cost of hybrid sturgeon. Lipid content of body composition was obviously increased in low fishmeal treatments (p < .05). The interaction of low fishmeal and phytase significantly enhanced apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (p < .05). Two‐way ANOVA analysis showed that input and output of phosphorus were significantly affected by fishmeal level, phytase and interaction of both factors (p < .05). For the immunological and hepatic function parameters, fishmeal level and phytase had significant effects on the activities of lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase (p < .05). The present study potentially justifies that a diet containing 10% fishmeal can be used for hybrid sturgeon. Moreover, replacement of monocalcium phosphate by phytase not only has no adverse effect on the growth of hybrid sturgeon, but also reduces phosphorus emission and protects aquaculture environment.  相似文献   

3.
The optimum water temperature required for the normal growth of Nile tilapia is 25–30°C. In this study, tilapia was reared under suboptimal temperature (21.50 ± 1.50°C) and fed four diets with fish oil (FO), corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SFO) and linseed oil (LnO) for 8 weeks. The results revealed improved final weight, average daily gain and intestinal amylase activity in the LnO group compared to FO and SFO groups (p < .05). The feed intake was increased significantly in FO and LnO groups compared to CO and SFO groups, while the feed conversion ratio was increased in the FO group (p < .05). The CO, SFO and LnO diets resulted in higher carcass lipids than fish fed FO, while CO decreased the ash content (p < .05). The growth hormone was significantly lowered by LnO, followed by SFO, while CO improved the serum alkaline phosphatase activity (p < .05). Glutathione peroxidase enhanced in fish fed SFO, while the lowest activities were recorded in fish fed FO (p < .05). Total superoxide dismutase was significantly elevated by CO and LnO when compared with fish fed FO and SFO (p < .05). Substituting FO with vegetable oils had normal intestinal and liver histological appearance. It could be concluded that substituting FO with either CO or LnO for Nile tilapia could maintain the normal growth performance and feed utilization with enhanced antioxidant capacity under suboptimal temperature.  相似文献   

4.
An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary oil sources on growth, enzymes activity and genes expression levels related to lipid metabolism of hybrid grouper (♀Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂E. lanceolatu) juveniles. Seven iso‐lipid (97 g/kg of dry matter) and iso‐protein (503.5 g/kg of dry matter) experimental diets were formulated containing 50 g/kg fish oil (FO; acting as controls) or various vegetable oils (VOs): corn oil (CO), sunflower oil (SO), tea oil (TO), olive oil (OO), rice oil (RO) and mixed oil (MO; comprising equal amounts of these oils). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 40 fish for per repetition (15.09 ± 0.01 g) for 56 days. The results show that (a) alternative dietary oils had no significant effects on final weight compared with control group (p > .05); (b) compared with FO group, VOs significantly changed the contents of serum lipoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides and the activity of liver lipid‐metabolizing enzymes (p < .05); (c) CO group had the least effect on the serum lipoproteins, triglycerides and cholesterol of grouper compared with control; the activity of liver lipid‐metabolizing enzymes in RO and control group was the closest; (d) the mRNA levels of Δ6 Fatty acid desaturase (Δ6Fad), hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were not significantly effected by lipid sources, but CO, TO, OO and MO significantly down‐regulated the expression of fatty acid synthetase (FAS) mRNA level in liver, while RO opposite (p < .05); (e) vegetable oil significantly up‐regulated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor β (PPARβ) mRNA levels, while TO and RO down‐regulated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA levels (p < .05); and 6) MO significantly increased the mRNA levels of heart‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (H‐FABP) and adipocyte‐type fatty acid‐binding protein (A‐FABP) (p < .05), while other VOs had no effect on them (p > .05). In conclusion, dietary substitution of FO by VO in diet affected lipid metabolism of grouper, which may be regulated by PPARs.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term effects (7‐month experiment) of diets consisting of fish oil (Kilka fish) and vegetable oil (rapeseed) on the reproductive performance of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) broodstock. Forty‐five broodstock (990.3 ± 20.05 g) were randomly allocated to three different diet treatments. Three experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of fish oil (100% FO), vegetable oil (100% VO), and a combination of fish and vegetable oil (50% FO + 50% VO). At the end of the 7‐month feeding trial period, the weight gain and final weight were changed significantly different between the treatments (p < 0.05). Broodstock fed the FO + VO diet had higher growth than those fed the only FO or VO diets (p < 0.05). The highest germinal vesicle migration percentage was observed in FO + VO treatment (p < 0.05). The DHA/EPA, DHA/ARA and EPA/ARA ratios in oocyte exhibited a significant difference in the different treatments (p < 0.05). This study indicates that nutrition of broodstock with diet including FO + VO (p < 0.05) can positively affect the growth performance of larvae compared with only FO or VO diets. Furthermore, the high levels of 18:1n‐9, AL and ALA contents in oocytes from broodstock fed VO and the lowest ALA content in oocytes from broodstock fed FO underlined the important role of broodstock diets in the reproductive process and embryonic and/or larval developments of sterlet.  相似文献   

6.
This study was conducted to determine the optimal dietary myo‐inositol (MI) requirement of juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × A. schrenckii ♂). Fish with an initial average body weight of 28.28 ± 0.41 g were randomly divided into six groups with three repetitions in each group and fed the experimental diets with different graded MI concentrations (70.2, 130.0, 270.2, 443.0, 1,096.6 and 1997.3 mg/kg) three times per day for 12 weeks. The results showed that with the increase in dietary MI level from 70.2 mg/kg to 443.0 mg/kg, weight gain (WG) was increased significantly (p < .05); however, when the MI level was further increased, there was no significant difference in weight gain rate (WG) over time (p > .05). Specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend. The feed conversion ratio (FCR), survival rate (SR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerasomatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF) were not affected by dietary MI supplementation (p > .05). Dietary MI did not affect whole‐body and muscle crude protein and ash content (p > .05), while dietary MI significantly affected the muscle and whole‐body crude lipid and moisture content (p < .05). Moreover, serum triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were decreased by increasing dietary MI levels. Total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver were also affected by the dietary MI (p < .05). In summary, this study indicated that the optimal dietary MI requirement for juvenile hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii ♀ × A. schrenckii ♂) was 335.84 mg/kg and 590.65 mg/kg based on the maximum WG and liver MI accumulation indices respectively.  相似文献   

7.
This study evaluates the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, tissue composition, fatty acid profiles and liver morphology of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing either soybean oil (SBO; SBOMOS) or fish oil (FO; FOMOS) as unique oil source for 8 weeks. Results showed that MOS supplementation enhanced specific growth rate, regardless of the oil source used, and that dietary oil source reduced fish length, regardless of dietary MOS supplementation. Dietary MOS favoured lipid accumulation in muscle and anterior intestine when supplemented in FO‐based diets compared to fish fed SBO diet and reduces it in liver in relation to lower hepatocyte area, particularly in fish fed SBOMOS diet. Dietary MOS favoured liver and not muscular ∑n‐3 PUFA, DHA, EPA and ARA deposition, when combined with FO but not when included in SBO‐based diets. Thus, MOS dietary supplementation favours fish performance and helps to minimize the side effects derived from high dietary SBO supplementation on liver lipid accumulation and hepatocyte vacuolization, which could be of especial interest on long‐term feeding trials; however, the effects on favoured deposition ∑n‐3 PUFA are limited to FO‐based diets.  相似文献   

8.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted on juvenile beluga sturgeon Huso huso to evaluate the effects of different dietary lipid levels and sources on growth performance, physiological indices, proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile. Four practical diets, which had either low level (120 g/kg) of canola oil (LCO) and fish oil (LFO) or high level (240 g/kg) of canola oil (HCO) and fish oil (HFO), were fed to triplicate groups of 25 beluga (mean initial body weight 207 ± 0.5 g). The growth performance of beluga was improved by replacing dietary fish oil with canola oil and increasing dietary lipid level. Except the number of red blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, the rest of haematological factors including the values of haemoglobin, haematocrit, number of white blood cells, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and the number of basophils and monocytes were not significantly affected by dietary lipid sources or levels. Results showed that both moisture and crude fat of the beluga muscle were affected by dietary lipid. The highest moisture and the lowest fat contents were found in the muscle of beluga fed fish oil (LFO). Moreover, the lowest moisture and the highest fat contents were observed in the muscle of beluga fed canola oil (HCO) (p < .05). The FA profile of the beluga muscle was significantly influenced by dietary treatments. The highest monounsaturated fatty acids, total n‐6 fatty acids containing linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, and total unsaturated fatty acids were found in fish fed canola oil (LCO and/or HCO) (p < .05). However, n‐3 fatty acids containing linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were not affected by the diet (p > .05). FA profile of the beluga muscles reflected the proportions of CO and FO in the diet except that there was a decrease in oleic acid and linolenic acid, but an increase in arachidonic acid (C20:4n‐6), eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The obtained data showed that canola oil is an excellent source of supplemental dietary lipid in a practical fish‐meal‐based diet of beluga sturgeon under the experimental conditions. Moreover, the data demonstrated that increasing dietary lipid up to 240 g/kg in beluga sturgeon resulted to improve growth performance and haematology.  相似文献   

9.
To increase the current knowledge about the relationship between nutritional status and the digestive capacity of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), we addressed the effect of starvation‐refeeding and macronutrient composition on growth parameters and key digestive enzyme activities in A. baerii. Acipenser baerii juveniles were fed four different diets for 3 weeks, then starved for 2 weeks and allowed to refed for 5 weeks with the same diets. Another group of fish were fed 10 weeks with the corresponding diets. Among 10‐week fed fish, high‐protein diets promoted higher body weight values, while the lowest specific growth rate was observed in fish fed a low‐protein, medium‐carbohydrate, high‐lipid diet (p < .05). At the end of the experiment, in fish refed for 5 weeks following a feeding‐starvation cycle and in 10‐week fed animals, the higher levels of blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were found in fish fed low‐protein diets (p < .05). In all treatments, 2 weeks of starvation decreased α‐amylase activity in the intestine (p < .05), while 4 days of refeeding increased lipase (p > .05) and α‐amylase activity in the intestine as well as pepsin in the stomach (p < .05). Our findings suggest that A. baerii maintains a high capacity to digest proteins and lipids after 2 weeks of starvation and that α‐amylase can be used as an indicator of the nutritional status in fish submitted to starvation‐refeeding cycles. Indeed, refeeding with high‐protein and CHO:L ratio diets after starvation could improve the growth rate of A. baerii in culture.  相似文献   

10.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietary lipid source [linseed oil (LO, rich in 18:3 n?3); corn oil (CO, rich in 18:2 n?6); olive oil (OO, rich in 18:1n?9); and fish oil (FO, rich in LC‐PUFA)] and level (9% L and 18% L) on growth, body composition and selected plasma biochemistry parameters in hybrid catfish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × Leiarius marmoratus) juveniles. Moreover, liver histology (lipids, glycogen, cell vacuolization) and key metabolic enzyme activities were also evaluated. After 8 weeks of feeding, there were no differences in growth performance and whole‐body composition between groups. Plasma lipoprotein, muscle and liver composition, and G6PD and ME activity were affected by lipid level and source. No differences were observed between groups in hepatic ALT activity; however, AST activity was lower in fish fed the 9% L diets. Overall, liver and muscle fatty acid composition reflected that of diet FA composition, with increased n3/n6 ratio, high HUFA and low MUFA in fish fed FO compared with the VO diets. Higher liver glycogen content was observed in fish fed the 18% L than the 9% L diets, except for fish fed FO diet. Considering the experimental diets used, these results indicate that hybrid catfish can efficiently utilize VO supplementation as an energy source, without affecting growth performance and fillet composition.  相似文献   

11.
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the dietary arginine requirement of juvenile hybrid sturgeon. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary arginine ranging from 1.74% to 3.54% (dry weight). The results indicated that the fish fed with 1.76% arginine diet had lower specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) than the fish fed the 2.64% to 3.24% arginine diets (p < .05), and the fish fed the 2.64% arginine diet presented the highest SGR. The fish fed with 1.76% arginine diet had lower whole‐body crude protein content than the fish fed the 2.64% or 2.93% arginine diets (p < .05). Compared with the 1.76% arginine diet, 2.36% to 2.93% arginine diets significantly increased the total amino acid (TAA) concentration and total nonessential amino acid (TNEAA) of carcasses. The fish fed with 1.76% arginine diet had lower activity of nitric oxide synthase (T‐NOS) and content of nitric oxide (NO) than the fish fed the 2.05% to 2.93% arginine diets in the liver. The fish fed with 1.76%, 2.05% or 2.36% arginine diets had lower gene expression of growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) in the liver than the fish fed the 2.64% to 3.53% arginine diets in the liver (p < .05). A broken‐line analysis between SGR against the dietary arginine levels provided estimates for the optimal dietary arginine requirement of 2.47% corresponding to 6.18% of the dietary protein on a dry weight basis.  相似文献   

12.
This study conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary zinc (Zn) levels on feed utilization, tissue Zn composition and serum enzyme activities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii. Five isoenergetic and isonitrogenous semi‐purified diets were formulated with increasing Zn sulphate (ZnSO4.5H2O) level to provide the actual Zn values of 14.7 (control), 20.8, 27.3, 37.7 and 46.4 mg/kg diet. Each diet was assigned to three groups of 20 experimental Siberian sturgeons with uniform size (initial weight of 26.52 ± 0.94 g) for a period of 8‐week feeding trial. Results showed that growth performance and muscle protein content were significantly increased with increasing dietary Zn level up to 27.3 mg/kg (p < .05), beyond which they remained significantly unchanged (p > .05). Muscle lipid content significantly declined with increasing dietary Zn level. While muscle and serum Zn contents were not significantly changed among treatments (p > .05), liver Zn content tended to rise with increasing dietary Zn supplementation. Alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were also raised with increasing dietary Zn level. The adequate amount of dietary Zn requirements for the Siberian sturgeon was estimated to be 28.24 mg/kg based on the relative growth rate and 34.60 mg/kg based on the liver Zn content.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of diets with Spirulina and plant oils (POs) inclusion for white sturgeon weaning and their effects on the fatty acid (FA) composition of fish flesh. Three isoproteic (45%) and isoenergetic (21 MJ kg?1 DM) diets were formulated: one fish meal‐based diet integrated with fish oil (FMO) and two 40% Spirulina meal‐based diets integrated with corn (SPC) or soybean (SPS) oils respectively. One hundred and thirty‐five white sturgeon fingerlings (mean weight 17.5 g) were stocked randomly in nine fibreglass tanks. At the end of the trial, which lasted 71 days, the growth performance traits and somatic indexes were determined. The chemical composition, gross energy and FA profile were determined on the fish fillets. No significant effects were observed for the growth performances or fillet chemical composition. The FA profile of the fillets reflected those of the diets. In particular, the fillets of the fish fed with the SPC and SPS diets were lower in n‐3 FA, due to the substitution of fish oil (FO) with POs. It is possible to replace FO and meal in sturgeon; therefore, Spirulina meal integrated with POs could be a good alternative to sturgeon diet.  相似文献   

14.
This study investigates the effects of different lipids on growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of largemouth sea bass fish Micropterus salmoides. A total of 360 juvenile M. salmoides (mean ± SD mass = 33.83 ± 0.15 g) were randomly stocked into 12 tanks of 0.5 m3 volume for 8 weeks. Four replicates were made in each group, which were fed one of three diets containing fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO) or lard oil (LO). The weight gain rate and specific growth rate did not differ among the groups (p > 0.05). Fish oil fish had the lowest condition factor (p < 0.05) and highest serum glucose content (p < 0.05). Crude lipid contents in the whole body and in the liver and muscle of FO fish were significantly lower than in the SO and LO groups (p < 0.05). The fatty acid composition of whole‐body lipids was closely correlated with that of the diet. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1) activity in the FO group was significantly higher than those in the SO and LO groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences in fatty acid synthase (fasn) activity were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). The Cpt1 and fasn gene expression levels in the FO group were significantly higher than those of the SO and LO groups (p < 0.05). The apolipoprotein B100 gene expression level was significantly higher in the SO group than in the FO group (p < 0.05). Fatty acid‐binding protein 1 gene expression levels in the FO and SO groups were not different (p > 0.05) but were both higher than that of the LO group (p < 0.05). The delta‐6 fatty acyl desaturase gene expression level in the LO group was significantly higher than that in the FO group (p < 0.05), but lower than that in the SO group (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that FO can be completely replaced by SO or LO in the M. salmoides diet, at least within the 8‐week culture period. Different types of dietary lipids significantly affect body condition and hepatic lipid metabolism in M. salmoides.  相似文献   

15.
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16.
Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.  相似文献   

17.
The imbalance of fish oil (FO) supply and demand has motivated efforts to identify an alternative for aqua feed. An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary fish oil partial replacement with mixed oil from linseed and lard (1:1) on growth, body composition and immunity when the N3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (N3 LC‐PUFAs) requirement is met for Nibea albiflora. Two types of experimental diets were formulated with 100% fish oil (FO) or 69% mixed oil (Mix). The results indicated that the Mix diet significantly improved the specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), feed efficiency ratio (FER), muscle tissue growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) gene expression of the yellow drum (p < .05). No significant difference in the survival rate (SR), feed intake (FI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI), condition factor (CF), N3 PUFA percentage, liver antioxidant enzyme activities or pro‐inflammatory gene expression was observed between the two treatments. Therefore, terrestrial blend lipid from linseed and lard could be used as an alternative for dietary fish oil without compromising growth performance and immunity for the juvenile yellow drum.  相似文献   

18.
The oocyte of Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) was evaluated after incubation with 17α, 20β‐Dihydroxyprogesterone (DHP) in artificial media. Concentration of testosterone (T), progesterone (P4) and 17‐β estradiol (E2) in blood and their relation to fertilization rate were measured during experimental period. The oocytes at the same developmental stages were incubated in SIS (based on sturgeon blood ionic composition), RM2 (Ringer solution modified for sturgeons) and L‐15 (Leibovitz medium) artificial mediums in the presence of 1 μg/ml of 17α, 20β‐Dihydroxyprogesterone for 12, 18 and 24 hr. The result of this study demonstrated that fertilization rate decreased with the increasing duration of incubation in all mediums. In the Siberian and Sterlet sturgeon, the highest fertilization rate was observed in the oocytes incubated in RM2 (0.81 ± 0.4) and SIS (0.44 ± 0.8) mediums for 12 hr respectively. In the Siberian sturgeon, fertilization rate decreased significantly (p < .05) with incubation time in all three mediums. In Starlet, fertilization rate decreased significantly (p < .05) with time and reached a minimum after 24 hr (0.16 ± 0.1) in L‐15 medium. No significant (p > .05) differences were observed between blood plasma hormones and fertilization rate. The results of this study indicated that 17α, 20β‐Dihydroxyprogesterone is essential for induction of in vitro oocyte maturation in these species.  相似文献   

19.
This study investigated the effect of two lipid sources on reproduction performance and growth in pearl gourami. For this purpose, 180 fish (3.32 ± 0.25 g) were fed with three isoenergetic (19.80) and isonitrogenous diets (480 g/kg protein) including FO (80 g/kg fish oil), FS (40 g/kg fish oil and 40 g/kg soybean oil) and SO (80 g/kg soybean oil) for 10 weeks before maturation. At the end of the trial, there was no significant difference in weight gain, feed conversation ratio and body composition between fish fed FO and FS diets. Individuals fed dietary FO had significantly higher levels of n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle (130.5 g/kg lipid) and ovary (140.4 g/kg lipid) as compared with those fed SO diet (64.5, 103.6 g/kg, respectively) (p < .05). Feeding pearl gourami with FO and FS diets enhanced regarding absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, the fertilization rate, larvae total length and survival at 3 day posthatch (p < .05). Also, 17 beta‐estradiol in plasma of fish fed dietary FO (6.2 ng/L) was higher than those fed SO diet (1.7 ng/L) (p < .05). In conclusion, we suggest FS diet for broodstock nutrition of pearl gourami as a model for asynchronous multi‐batch spawning fish.  相似文献   

20.
A 10‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and immune responses of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), coconut oil (CO) and beef tallow (BT) as the sources of lipid with five replicates each. Thirty crabs (2.35 ± 0.14 g) were stocked into each tank and fed twice daily. Weight gain and specific growth rate of crab fed the FO diet were significantly lower than those fed other diets (P < 0.05), except for crabs fed LO diet (P < 0.05). Crab fed the SO diet weighed more than those fed FO diets (P < 0.05). Serum superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde of crab fed the FO diet were significantly higher than in other groups (P < 0.05). Crab fed the FO diet had the highest activities of serum phenoloxidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme (P < 0.05). The fatty acid composition in the liver of crab reflected the change in test diets. Our results indicate that the use of dietary vegetable or animal oils can achieve similar growth performance to the use of dietary FO in Chinese mitten crab, but non‐FOs may impair crab immunity. Soybean oil is recommended as a suitable replacer for FO in Chinese mitten crab diet.  相似文献   

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