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能量与营养物质的正常获取是维系造礁石珊瑚生命活动的基础,这主要与其两种营养方式—光合自养和异养营养有关。当前,国内外学者对造礁石珊瑚的研究以光合自养为主,而对其异养营养的认识则相对不足。基于此,本研究以鹿回头礁区(海南三亚)的3种代表性造礁石珊瑚—丛生盔形珊瑚、鹿角杯形珊瑚和美丽鹿角珊瑚为对象,通过投喂丰年虫无节幼体、水族用桡足类、酵母浸出粉溶液及水族珊瑚粮这4种食物,探讨了3种造礁石珊瑚的食性、摄食方式。结果显示,丛生盔形珊瑚对上述4种食物均表现出明显的摄食行为;相反,美丽鹿角珊瑚对4种食物均不表现摄食行为;鹿角杯形珊瑚只摄食尺寸较小的丰年虫无节幼体和水族珊瑚粮,并首次发现其在摄食丰年虫无节幼体时水螅体间相互协作以及通过释放肠系膜摄食水族珊瑚粮的现象。进一步研究丛生盔形珊瑚对丰年虫无节幼体的摄食速率和消化情况,发现其摄食速率与丰年虫无节幼体密度符合米氏方程,且其消化周期约为3 h。研究结果有助于更加深入地认识造礁石珊瑚摄食取向及其摄食过程,可为造礁石珊瑚人工养殖过程中的饵料选择提供借鉴。 相似文献
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研究不同投喂频率(1次/d,2次/d,3次/d,4次/d)对福瑞鲤(FFRC strain common carp)幼鱼摄食与生长的影响,试验周期为30 d。结果显示:当投喂频率从1次/d增加到4次/d时,福瑞鲤幼鱼的摄食率逐步提高,1次/d组的摄食率显著低于其他组(P0.05);体重增长率、体长增长率和特定生长率随投喂频率的增加均有不同程度提高,在4次/d时达到最高;饲料转化率逐步升高,1次/d组显著低于其他组(P0.05)。各试验组福瑞鲤幼鱼的个体体重/体长差异随着投喂频率的增加而先升后降,最终幼鱼的规格趋于一致。综合本试验结果,投喂频率对福瑞鲤幼鱼的摄食与生长存在显著影响,在4次/d的投喂频率下其摄食水平、生长性能、饲料转化效率及大小分化差异系数等均表现出较好状态。 相似文献
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Effects of different feed management treatments on water quality for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei 
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下载免费PDF全文 Lauren N Jescovitch Carter Ullman Melanie Rhodes Donald Allen Davis 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):526-531
Increasing feeding rates may provide an increase in production, thus nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter will also increase. These nutrients promote a greater oxygen demand and concentrations of toxic metabolites which can lead to frequent problems with low dissolved oxygen and an abundance of blue‐green algae. Four feed management practices were evaluated among sixteen 0.1 ha ponds culturing Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Feeding treatments included hand feeding using the Standard Feeding Protocol (SFP), SFP plus 15% from 8 to 16 weeks, an automatic‐solar timer which fed SFP+15%, and an AQ1 acoustic demand feeder allowing up to 12 kg/day·pond based on shrimps feeding response. Samples were analysed at weeks 0, 4 and 8–16 for the following parameters: chlorophyll a, total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite–nitrogen, nitrate–nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total suspended solids, total suspended volatile solids, turbidity, conductivity, salinity and biological oxygen demand. Samples were collected and shipped overnight to Auburn, Alabama for off‐site analysis. On‐site water quality was also obtained at the farm. The AQ1 acoustic demand feeder produced the most shrimp with a yield of 4,568 kg/ha; however, the AQ1 also had the highest total ammonia nitrogen and nitrite–nitrogen levels late in the growing season. The AQ1 feeder may be a viable, reduced labour and cost alternative for the shrimp commercial industry; however, such technologies must also be matched to the ability of the production system to process nutrients. 相似文献
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在实验室条件下, 对马氏刺蛇尾(Ophiothrix marenzelleri Koehler)的饵料选择性、摄食率和摄食行为等进行了初步研究。结果表明, 马氏刺蛇尾仅能摄食悬浮的有机颗粒, 对食物种类没有选择性, 但对悬浮颗粒的粒径具有选择性。观测结果显示, 其摄食的食物粒径范围为10~1 000 µm, 食物种类包括动植物碎屑、细胞较大的海洋微藻扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima)等。因此, 马氏刺蛇尾的食性属杂食性, 是蛇尾中食微类群的成员。马氏刺蛇尾不摄食时, 常处于静止状态或腕末端翘起; 摄食时数条腕翘起在水中摇动, 通过腕部的管足摆动将水体中的适宜食物颗粒聚集成球状颗粒运送到口中。小规格马氏刺蛇尾的摄食率显著高于较大规格蛇尾(P<<0.05), 马氏刺蛇尾在一昼夜中的摄食高峰出现在8 :00~14 :00, 但是全天均有蛇尾摄食, 其昼夜摄食节律属于无明显节律型。
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Development of a feeding strategy for silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (Mitchell), based on restricted rations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stuart J Rowland Geoff L Allan Charlie Mifsud Mark Nixon Peter Boyd & David Glendenning 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(14):1429-1441
To develop a feeding strategy for the Australian freshwater fish silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus Mitchell), a series of eight experiments was done in 1 m3 cages in an aerated, earthen pond to determine the effects of feeding rate (% body weight) and feeding frequency (no. of feeds day?1) on the growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fingerlings and larger fish under ambient water temperatures over the range 13.8–30.6°C. Fish were fed extruded pellets of a silver perch diet containing 34% digestible protein and 14 MJ kg?1 digestible energy. Commercial silver perch farmers were consulted about feeding practices for large fish (>500 g) and at water temperatures below 12°C, and winter feeding practices for other warmwater species were used to complete the strategy. In the feeding experiments, growth and FCR increased with increasing feeding rates to a level above which only FCR increased. Optimal feeding rates and frequencies were those which resulted in maximal growth, while minimizing effort (feeding frequency) and FCR. The highest feeding frequency required for maximal growth, including that of small fingerlings was twice (2 ×) daily, and the optimal feeding rates varied with water temperature and size of fish. The optimal daily regimes were: small fingerlings (initial mean weight, 2.0 g) 7.5% 2 × at a mean temperature of 23.3°C; fingerlings (14.9–27.7 g) 7.5% 2 × at 27.1°C, 5.0% 2 × at 23.7°C and 2.0% 1 × at 16.8°C; and large silver perch (162.5–510.6 g) 0.5% 1 × daily or 1.0% on alternate days at 15.6°C, 1.0% 1 × at 17.3°C, 3.0% 2 × at 24.1°C and 2.0% 2 × at 27.9°C. It is suggested that regimes of 0.5% 1 × daily for fingerlings (<50 g) and 0.5% 1 × on alternate days for larger fish are used at temperatures of 9–12°C, and 0.5% 3 days week?1 and 0.5% 1 day week?1 for fingerlings and larger fish, respectively, at 6–9°C. Feed inputs should not exceed 150 kg ha?1 day?1 in ponds less than 0.3 ha and 100 kg ha?1 day?1 in larger ponds. Our research has established a feeding strategy for silver perch based on restricted rations. 相似文献
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为了阐明长湖5种土著鲌类摄食器官形态特征间的差异,于2014年采集红鳍原鲌(Chanodichthys erythropterus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、达氏鲌(C.dabryi)、蒙古鲌(C.mongolicus)、拟尖头鲌(Erythroculter oxycephaloides)等5种鲌类共277尾,采用非参数检验、方差分析和判别分析等对5种鲌类的11个摄食器官形态指标和食物组成进行比较分析。结果显示,长湖5种鲌类摄食器官形态特征存在差异,差异主要表现在上、下颌伸展度、口宽3个性状上;典型判别分析显示5种鲌种间离散程度较高;聚类分析表明翘嘴鲌和达氏鲌摄食器官形态相似度最高,蒙古鲌和红鳍原鲌相似度最低。长湖翘嘴鲌、达氏鲌、蒙古鲌的食物主要以、鲫鱼、麦穗鱼和虾为主;水草是红鳍原鲌食物的重要组成部分,昆虫在拟尖头鲌食物中占有一定比例。表明5种鲌在食物组成上有一定的相似性,但在主要饵料的种类和比例上存在差别。由此可以看出,长湖5种鲌摄食器官形态与食性之间表现出一定程度上的适应性。 相似文献
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投喂频率对鳡幼鱼摄食及生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
研究了不同投喂频率(1次/d,2次/d,3次/d,4次/d)对鳡(Elopichthys bambusa)幼鱼摄食及生长的影响,试验持续30 d。结果显示:投喂频率从1次/d增加到4次/d,鳡幼鱼的摄食率逐步提高,1次/d组的摄食率显著低于其他组(P<0.05);体重增加率、特定生长率有不同程度增高,在3次/d时达到最高;饲料转化率逐次下降,1次/d组显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。随着投喂频率增加,实验各组组内个体体重差异显著下降,鳡的规格趋于整齐,组间每日摄食表现也各不相同。试验表明:鳡的生长受投喂频率的影响,每天投喂3次是鳡养殖的最佳投喂频率。 相似文献
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Alexander G Carton 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(16):1588-1594
Feeding performance (intensity and incidence) of first‐feeding yellowtail kingfish larvae was evaluated under a range of light intensities and algal‐induced turbidities. Larvae were fed with varying degrees of success under all light intensities tested (0–17 μmol s?1 m?2), in both clearwater and greenwater (8 × 104 cells mL?1). There was a consistent trend for feeding performance to increase with larval age and light intensity in both clearwater and greenwater conditions, demonstrating that visual proficiency increases with larval age. Feeding intensity remained low over the first 3 days of first feeding across all light intensities tested. Days 6 and 7 post‐hatch larvae showed considerably higher feeding intensities particularly at 8 and 17 μmol s?1 m?2. This improvement indicates an ontogenetic shift in sensory or locomotor competence. First‐feeding larvae performed equally well in both clearwater and greenwater (8 × 104 cells mL?1) conditions, although at the lowest light intensity tested (0.1 μmol s?1 m?2) feeding performance was noticeably reduced. Feeding performance was severely diminished across all larval ages at an algal cell density of 32 × 104 cells mL?1, demonstrating that for this species algal‐induced turbidities >16 × 104 cells mL?1 adversely affect the ability to capture free‐swimming prey during the first‐feeding window. 相似文献
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Effects of stocking density on the performance of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis co‐cultured with the green seaweed Ulva clathrata 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(6):2803-2811
The brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis and the seaweed Ulva clathrata, both native to north‐west Mexico, were co‐cultured in lined ponds during 18 weeks. The aim of this study was to evaluate different stocking densities (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 per m2) in terms of shrimp yield to see if the co‐culture method results in shrimp yields suitable for commercial production. The presence of Ulva results in good water quality and allows culture of brown shrimp with low water exchange (10% weekly) and with low nitrogen and phosphorus content in discharged water. The final weight and specific growth rate (SGR) in shrimp between 10 and 30 per m2 were significantly higher (12.5–12.0 g and 4.56–4.53% day−1 respectively) than 40 and 50 per m2 (9.1 and 8.6 g, and 4.31% and 4.26% day−1 respectively). Total shrimp biomass generated in 30 or more shrimp per m2 was significantly higher (2.7–3.1 t ha−1) compared with 10 and 20 shrimp per m2 (1.0 and 2.0 t ha−1 respectively). The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (0.97) was shown in the 10 shrimp per m2 case, and the highest FCR was seen with 50 shrimp per m2 (1.37). Shrimp survival ranged between 71% and 81%, where the highest mortality was shown in 50 shrimp per m2. The results show that the co‐culture method can result in commercially interesting yields, suggesting that 30 shrimp per m2 is the best stocking density for co‐culturing F. californiensis with U. clathrata, based on the shrimp performance. 相似文献
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海州湾春季皮氏叫姑鱼摄食习性的空间异质性及其索饵场分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼类通过摄食维持自身的生存、生长和繁殖,对鱼类摄食习性的空间异质性及其索饵场分布进行研究有助于了解鱼类在不同海域间的生长差异。本研究根据2011年及2013―2016年春季在海州湾进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,通过胃含物分析研究皮氏叫姑鱼(Johniusbelangerii)的摄食习性,依据胃含物分析结果选择主要饵料生物,结合皮氏叫姑鱼和主要饵料生物的空间分布,研究皮氏叫姑鱼摄食习性的空间异质性,并判别其索饵场。结果表明:皮氏叫姑鱼摄食的饵料生物共有20余种,其中虾类(IRI%=55.54%)和端足类(IRI%=35.94%)为优势饵料类群。基于胃含物分析和底拖网调查,选择海蜇虾(Latreutesanoplonyx)、细巧仿对虾(Parapenaeopsistenella)、鲜明鼓虾(Alpheus distinguendus)、疣背宽额虾(Latreutes planirostris)、细螯虾(Leptochela gracilis)、戴氏赤虾(Metapenaeopsis dalei)、日本鼓虾(Alpheus japonicus)和中华安乐虾(Eualus sinensis) 8种饵料生物研究皮氏叫姑鱼摄食习性的空间异质性及其索饵场。摄食选择性的研究表明,海州湾春季的皮氏叫姑鱼喜食海蜇虾。本研究发现,皮氏叫姑鱼及其主要饵料生物资源丰度重心均位于海州湾中部10～20m深海域;海州湾中南部10～20m海域的饵料生物资源丰度显著高于其他海域(P0.05),而且该海域皮氏叫姑鱼的个体较小,生长速度较快,摄食强度较高,是其主要的索饵场。 相似文献
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Marcos Antnio da Silva rika Ramos de Alvarenga Franklin Fernando Batista da Costa Eduardo Maldonado Turra Gabriel Francisco de Oliveira Alves Ludson Guimares Manduca Suellen Cristina Moreira de Sales Namíbia Rizzari Leite Vinícius Monteiro Bezerra Stefani Grace da Silva Moraes Edgar de Alencar Teixeira 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):605-615
Feeding strategies of tilapia (initial average weight: 32 g) cultivated with Biofloc technology (BFT) (carbon source: sugarcane, C:N ratio: 6:1) for 56 days were studied. A 4 × 3 factorial experimental design was used with four feeding frequencies (one, two, three and four times a day) and three feeding rates (50%, 75% and 100% consumption in relation to apparent satiety), with four replicates. Lower levels of dissolved oxygen, protein retention rate and body protein content were found in fish fed once a day. The reduction in feeding rate resulted in lower average final weight and reduced growth but promoted a decrease in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen, solids, hepatosomatic index and body lipids. We found better efficiency of protein utilization at 75% feed. The nutritional value of the floc was not affected by the feeding frequency, and the feeding rate reduction from 100% to 75% did not alter the protein content of the floc. Thus, twice‐daily feeding frequency is sufficient for Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in BFT. Although the feeding rate of 100% satiety has led to better performance, it may not be the best option in BFT due to higher feed conversion and reduction of water quality. 相似文献
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基于不同检测方法的养殖鱼类昼夜摄食节律研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摄食节律是鱼类在长期演化过程中对光照、温度、饵料等周期性变动的环境条件主动适应的结果,掌握鱼类摄食节律直接关系到对养殖对象投喂时间、投喂方式、投喂频率等投喂策略的决定,继而影响饲料效率和养殖水体的污染负荷。综述了国内外养殖鱼类昼夜摄食节律检测方法的研究进展,总结分析了胃肠充塞度法、日摄食率法、自适应投喂法以及观察法这4种摄食节律研究方法的具体实施过程,比较了各自的优缺点,指出目前养殖鱼类摄食节律研究方法的局限性,并对未来养殖鱼类摄食节律的研究和应用进行了展望,旨在为已有摄食节律检测方法的优化改进以及新检测方法的提出提供参考。 相似文献
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Evaluation of mixed feeding schedules with respect to compensatory growth and body composition in African catfish Clarias gariepinus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted in a recycling water system at 28 ± 1 °C to investigate compensatory growth and body composition in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (13.05 ± 0.05 g). A fishmeal‐based diet containing 350 g kg?1 protein and 17.5 kJ g?1 gross energy was fed to triplicate groups of 20 fish (per 30‐L tank). Fish were fed the diet either to satiation or feed restricted in six feeding schedules as satiation 56 days; restricted 28 days + satiation 28 days; restricted 14 days + satiation 14 days; restricted 7 days +satiation 7 days; restricted 3 days + satiation 4 days; and restricted 2 days + satiation 2 days. The restricted regime was achieved by offering fish 1% (maintenance ration) of their body weight per day adjusted after fortnightly weighing. African catfish showed partial compensatory growth under alternating periods of feed restriction and satiation feeding with significantly different values (P < 0.05) from fish fed in satiation throughout. However, significantly indifferent (P > 0.05) values of feed, protein, lipid and energy utilization were found under alternating periods of feed restriction and satiation feeding. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) feed intake was observed in treatment with satiation throughout than those in other treatments. All the feeding schedules showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) on body composition, organ indices, eviscerated carcass composition, viscera lipid and liver lipid. These studies reveals that C. gariepinus showed partial compensatory growth responses at alternating periods of restricted and satiation feeding. 相似文献
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为观察不同投喂频率和投喂水平对长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)幼鱼生长和免疫的影响,将平均体质量1. 15 g的长吻鮠饲养在水泥池(2 m×1 m×1 m)中,投喂频率分别为2次/d和3次/d,各投喂频率下投喂水平分别为鱼体质量的2%、4%、6%、8%和10%,每个处理组放鱼60尾,饲养为期42 d。结果显示:投喂频率为2次/d和3次/d时,试验鱼的末体质量、特定生长率与投喂水平之间存在二次相关性,两条曲线几乎重合,表明投喂频率、投喂水平对试验鱼的末体质量和特定生长率的影响是一致的;血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量在投喂频率为2次/d、投喂水平为4%和6%时较低;血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)含量在投喂频率为2次/d、投喂水平为4%和6%时较高;血清溶菌酶(LYS)含量在投喂水平为6%、投喂频率2次/d和3次/d时显著高于其他各组(P <0. 05)。综合生长和免疫指标,在本试验条件下,投喂频率为2次/d、投喂水平为6%的投喂模式更利于长吻鮠幼鱼的生长。 相似文献
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RNA/DNA ratio is an early responding,accurate performance parameter in growth experiments of noble crayfish Astacus astacus (L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Claudia Grimm Kai Lehmann Catriona Clemmesen Heinz Brendelberger 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(8):1937-1945
Recent intensification efforts of astacid culture considerably depend on the appropriate assessment of the animal's physiological condition both for research and application. We conducted a 4 weeks feeding experiment to assess temporal resolution and accuracy of different response parameters (RNA/DNA ratio, RNA per wet weight, carapace length, wet weight, specific growth rate). Juvenile noble crayfish were exposed to five feeding regimes that differed in feeding frequency and food availability. Continuous growth was detected in all feeding regimes with individual increase up to 90% (wet weight) and 17% (carapace length), respectively. Morphometric parameters allowed separation of three weight‐groups or two length‐groups. During the experimental period RNA/DNA ratios showed both decrease (?17%) and increase (+35%), with superior accuracy than morphometric parameters, separating four groups. Based on RNA/DNA ratios, different feeding regimes were detected earlier, with two groups separated already after 3 weeks. RNA/DNA ratio was clearly superior to RNA per unit wet weight, as the latter failed to detect any differences between groups. In conclusion, RNA/DNA ratio is a valuable tool in nutritional studies with freshwater crayfish if overall growth is the key variable of interest. 相似文献
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研究了黄鳝在不同温度、不同体重下的摄食速度，得到在17～20℃范围内，3组不同体重的黄鳝关于摄食速度与温度关系的回归方程：V=e^aT^b。由此可看出：在一定温度范围内，摄食速度随温度的上升而增大．而相对摄食速度随体重的增大而减小。根据回归方程还可推测不同温度、不同体重下黄鳝的摄食量。 相似文献
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A growth trial was conducted on common carp Cyprinus carpio (L.) fry in cement tanks for 100 days in order to test the efficacy of mixed feeding schedules. The diets tested were a fishmeal‐based diet (diet D with 30.9% protein) and three Colocasia esculenta‐based diets (diet A with 16.7% protein, diet B with 19.7% protein and diet C with 25.8% protein) separately and in three mixed feeding combinations of diet A, B and C with D on alternate 2 days (2A/2D, 2B/2D and 2C/2D, where the numeral indicates the number of days that the particular diet was offered continuously). The results revealed no difference in growth of common carp fed the plant protein‐based diets A and B (P > 0.05). Although the fish fed on diets C and D and mixed feeding combinations 2A/2D and 2B/2D performed comparably and higher than those on diets A and B, the schedule 2C/2D resulted in the highest final weight. Specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and RNA/DNA ratios were the highest in the 2C/2D schedule. Among the mixed feeding schedules, the highest saving in protein and cost was recorded with the 2A/2D schedule, followed by 2B/2D and 2C/2D. An increase in dietary protein led to decreased protein and increased fat deposition in the carcass. An increasing trend in the protease and amylase activities was recorded with increased dietary protein level. The study highlighted the efficient utilization of plant proteins by common carp under mixed feeding schedules. 相似文献