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Shuting ZAN Lizhi ZHOU Hao JIANG Baowei ZHANG Zhi'an WU Yinxu HOU 《Integrative zoology》2008,3(3):235-244
The oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana) is a threatened species, and their numbers are still in decline due to habitat loss and poaching. China is a breeding and main wintering area for this animal and in recent years some individuals have been found breeding in wintering areas and at some stopover sites. These new breeding colonies are an exciting sign, however, little is understood of the genetic structure of this species. Based on the analysis of a 463‐bp mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region, we investigated the genetic structure and genetic diversity of 66 wild oriental white storks from a Chinese population. We analyzed the sequences of 66 storks obtained in this study and the data of 17 storks from a Japanese population. Thirty‐seven different haplotypes were detected among the 83 samples. An analysis of molecular variance showed a significant population subdivision between the two populations (FST= 0.316, P < 0.05). However, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the samples from the different populations did not form separate clusters and that there were genetic exchanges between the two populations. Compared with the Japanese population, the Chinese population had a relatively higher genetic diversity with a haplotype diversity (hπ SD) of 0.953 ± 0.013 and a nucleotide diversity (π± SD) of 0.013 ± 0.007. The high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity indicate that this population might be in a rapidly increasing period from a small effective population. A neighbor‐joining tree analysis indicated that genetic exchange had occurred between the newly arisen southern breeding colony and the northern breeding colony wintering in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain. These results have important implications for the conservation of the oriental white stork population in China. 相似文献
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Tasnim Ayadi Abdesslem Hammouda Ceclie Beck Thierry Boulinier Sylvie Lecollinet Slaheddine Selmi 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(5):495-503
Bird migration has long been hypothesized as the main mechanism for long‐distance dispersal of flaviviruses, but the role of migratory birds in flaviviruses spillover is not well documented. In this study, we investigated the eco‐epidemiology of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in trans‐Saharan passerines during their spring stopover in southern Tunisian oases. To do, we combined oral swab analysis and serological tools to assess whether migratory birds could be reaching these stopover sites while infectious or have been previously exposed to viruses. All sampled birds tested negative for oral swab analysis. However, anti‐WNV and anti‐USUV antibodies were detected in 32% and 1% of tested birds, respectively. Among WNV‐seropositive species, the Golden oriole (Oriolus oriolus) showed the highest anti‐WNV occurrence probability. In this species, anti‐WNV occurrence was twice larger in males than females. Inter‐specific and intraspecific morphological, physiological and behavioural differences could explain these results. Although our findings did not show evidence for passerines migrating while infectious, they did not exclude an existing enzootic WNV transmission cycle in Tunisian oases. Further investigations including larger samples of migratory birds are needed for a better understanding of this issue. 相似文献
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Ireland is characterised by its diversity and large abundance of wetlands, making it attractive to a wide variety of waterbirds throughout the year. This paper presents an overview of Ireland's waterbirds, including ecological factors relevant to the potential introduction, maintenance, transmission and spread of infectious agents, including the H5N1 avian influenza virus, in Ireland. Particular emphasis is placed on five groups of wintering migrants (dabbling and sieving wildfowl, grazing wildfowl, diving wildfowl, waders and gulls), noting that the H5N1 avian influenza virus has mainly been isolated from this subset of waterbirds. Ireland's wetlands are visited during the spring and summer months by hundreds of thousands of waterbirds which come to breed, predominantly from southern latitudes, and during the autumn and winter by waterbirds which come from a variety of origins (predominantly northern latitudes), and which are widely distributed and often congregate in mixed-species flocks. The distribution, feeding habits and social interactions of the five groups of wintering migrants are considered in detail. Throughout Ireland, there is interaction between different waterbird populations (breeding migrants, the wintering migrants and resident waterbird populations). There is also a regular and complex pattern of movement between feeding and roosting areas, and between wetlands and farmland. These interactions are likely to facilitate the rapid transmission and spread of the H5N1 avian influenza virus, if it were present in Ireland. 相似文献
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Temperature is a critical factor influencing avian phenology, due to its direct impact on food and water availability. Most previous studies have focused on the timing of spring migration and the arrival of birds at breeding grounds along the European and American flyways; little is known about migration ecology at the wintering sites along the Asian flyways. Using linear regression models, this study investigates how local temperature variation and EI Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the arrival and departure timing of 9 waterbird species breeding in Mongolia or Siberia and overwintering in Poyang, China from 2002 to 2013. Birds mainly arrive at Poyang in October and depart for their breeding sites in March. Out of the 9 species, 6 show a strong negative relationship between departure time and overwintering temperature in Poyang. Departure dates also show a negative association with overwintering ENSO and March ENSO for two species. Both local and large‐scale climate indices show no influence on the arrival timing of waterbirds. We suggest that birds react to the annual variation of overwintering temperature: an earlier departure of waterbirds is facilitated by a warmer overwintering period and vice versa. The long‐term accumulated temperature effect is more pronounced than ENSO and the short‐term local temperature effect. Our findings could help quantify the potential impact of global warming on waterbirds. 相似文献
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2009年3月,采用样线法、样点法对辽宁双台河口自然保护区内迁徙停歇的丹顶鹤进行观察监测,确认并用GPS定位其停歇地;通过样方法、因子测定法进行对其停歇生境进行实地测量与分析。结果表明：（1）芦苇沼泽是丹顶鹤主选的停歇生境,占到96.4%;（2）丹顶鹤停歇地与火烧地的距离小于25 m,在火烧地边缘活动,或者停在火烧地中;（3）丹顶鹤一般会选择油井距离大于1 km处作为停歇地（100%）;（4）丹顶鹤距明水面的距离较近,便于获取食物与水等;（5）频繁区对丹顶鹤影响明显。影响丹顶鹤的停歇地选择的因素既有自然因素如植被环境和明水面,也有人为因素如火烧和油井乃至道路。针对不同因素的空间分布,丹顶鹤的迁徙停歇地选择也具有一定的选择性。 相似文献
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T Müller A Hlinak R U Mühle M Kramer H Liebherr K Ziedler D U Pfeiffer 《Avian diseases》1999,43(2):315-319
The sightings and migration patterns of 65 bean (Anser fabalis) and 65 white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons) are reported. In the past, these geese were serologically screened for the occurrence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and other avian viral diseases by Hlinak et al. (3). Of the 130 birds originally tagged and serologically screened in 1991, 53 birds were resighted between 1991 and 1996. Most of the sightings were reported from main wintering and resting sites in Germany and The Netherlands. It is noteworthy that 19 of the 53 birds sighted had serologic evidence that they had been exposed to NDV before the time of marking in 1991. Although the origin of these infections in bean geese and white-fronted geese is still unknown, the sightings reported in this study indicate that, once infected, wild geese may be involved in the dissemination and spread of avian viral diseases, specifically Newcastle disease. The migration patterns of the wild geese provided further evidence that the main resting and wintering areas of migratory waterfowl are likely to be important for the inter- and intraspecies transmission of avian diseases, thereby representing risk areas for the poultry industry. 相似文献
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A survey was carried out in North West Tasmania to compare the breeding performance of 2,068 cows in 27 dairy herds--15 herds calving in spring and 12 in autumn. The percentage of cows submitted to artificial insemination for the first time in the first 24 days of the mating period was 87% for the spring calving group and 75% for the autumn calving group. Figures for non-return-to-service rate over the subsequent 21 days were 72% and 55%, respectively. The difference in breeding performance associated with time of calving was not attributable to age, calving to mating interval or on cow condition or daily milk fat yield at 3 weeks (+/- 1 week) after the start of mating. 相似文献
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2003-2005年对海南岛沿海越冬水鸟进行了调查,旨在加强海南岛湿地的保护和管理.在调查的20个湿地中,共记录水鸟68种,新发现3处全球濒危鸟类黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)的越冬地,即临高后水湾、东方北黎湾和三亚河.2003-2009年冬季对黑脸琵鹭的越冬种群进行了持续调查.海南岛越冬水鸟数量最多的是鹭鸟,其次是鸻鹬类和鸥类.分析发现,在有红树林分布的湿地鸟类种数和个体数量均比无红树林分布的湿地明显增加.此外,博浦湾、黄龙港、后水湾、洋浦港、北黎湾、莺歌海、三亚河、清澜港和东寨港等地是海南岛鸟类优先保护的湿地,其人为干扰应该被禁止. 相似文献
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《African Zoology》2013,48(3):249-257
Understanding fish movement patterns and migrations is important for fisheries management as well as the identification and conservation of critical habitats. Data collected by the Oceanographic Research Institute's Cooperative Fish Tagging Project (ORI-CFTP) were used to describe the large-scale movement patterns of Lichia amia along the South African coastline. A total of 10 762 L. amia were tagged between 1984 and 2012, of which 744 (7%) were recaptured. Most tagging effort, mainly on juvenile and subadult individuals, took place along the south-eastern (i.e. Eastern Cape) and south-western (i.e. Western Cape) regions of the country during summer. Conversely, more L. amia were tagged and recaptured (mostly adults) during winter and spring (July to November) along the north-east coast (i.e. KwaZulu-Natal). Movements (dispersal distance in kilometres) by juveniles were restricted and largely confined to estuaries within the south-eastern and south-western regions of the country. There was a significant effect of fish size on distance moved (ANOVA: p<0.001), with evidence of a distinct seasonal (winter) longshore migration by adults to KwaZulu-Natal. The consequences of juvenile residency in estuarine habitats and high recapture rate of adults during a directed, seasonal spawning migration are discussed in light of improving current fisheries management. 相似文献
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采用幼虫4龄期人工添食20 mg/kg氟化纳溶液定向选择耐氟污染性能和杂交育种、回交改良等育种技术,育成了具有耐氟污染特性的春用多丝量家蚕新品种华·东×春·晨。该品种在浙江省家蚕新品种实验室共同鉴定和农村生产试验鉴定中,表现出体质强健、耐氟性好、产茧量高、茧型大、丝质优等特点,其中氟敏指数检测数据显示其耐氟性能明显强于春用品种菁松×皓月,并达到了秋用耐氟污染品种秋丰×白玉的水平。新品种在农村生产试验鉴定中,产茧量及丝质成绩普遍优于当地对照品种菁松×皓月和秋丰×白玉,特别是盒种产茧量分别超过对照品种菁松×皓月和秋丰×白玉7%、12%左右。2010年2月该品种已通过浙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适合在浙江省及长江中下游蚕区特别是氟化物污染较严重的蚕区春期推广饲养。 相似文献
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Schnebel B Dierschke V Rautenschlein S Ryll M 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,112(12):456-460
A total of 543 migrating passerines were captured during their stopover on the island of Helgoland (North Sea) in spring and autumn 2001. They were sampled for the detection of avian influenza A viruses (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7, and for avian paramyxoviruses serotype 1 (APMV-1). The goal of the study was to examine the role of migrating birds as potential vectors for these zoonotic viral diseases. For virus detection samples were taken from a) short-distance migrants such as chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs, n = 131) and song trushes (Turdus philomelos, n = 169), and b) long-distance migrants such as garden warbler (Sylvia borin, n = 142) and common redstarts (Phoenicurus phoenicurus, n = 101). Virus detection was done on conjunctival, choanal cleft and cloacal swabs. Embryonated SPF chicken eggs were used to isolate and propagate virus followed by virus identification in a hemagglutination test, hemagglutination inhibition test and in an agar gel diffusion test. In none of the tested samples AIV was detected. Therefore, we conclude that the tested four species of passerines were infected by these pathogens. Six out of 543 birds (1.1 %) were found to carry non-pathogenic and lentogenic strains of APMV-1. This indicates that the passerine species examined in this study may play only a minor role as potential vectors of APMV-1. 相似文献
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在意大利中部的观察点,我们对秋季向非洲迁徙的白头鹞(Circus aeruginosus)和鹃头蜂鹰(Pernis apivorus)的跨海迁飞行为进行了研究.其中白头鹞大部分为成鸟,鹃头蜂鹰大部分是亚成鸟.研究内容包括跨海迁徙行为与风向、昼间迁徙时间、集群和年龄的关系.尽管鹃头蜂鹰不如白头鹞适合长距离跨海飞行,但它们集群迁徙时多远离海岸.两种鸟中只有很少个体选择沿海岸飞行.在无风天气,白头鹞像单独迁徙的鹃头蜂鹰一样,选择跨海飞行,而不是中途停歇或飞回陆地的断续迁徙,在逆风情况下则相反.而鹃头蜂鹰集群迁徙时的飞行策略不受风向影响.两种鸟在上午均选择跨海飞行而不是断续迁徙,下午则相反.鹃头蜂鹰的跨海迁飞行为与年龄相关,其成鸟很少跨海飞行.本研究证实鹃头蜂鹰迁徙过程中集群行为对其跨海迁飞的影响极为显著.不同年龄鹃头蜂鹰的跨海迁飞倾向不同,缺乏经验的亚成鸟和年轻成鸟选择高能量消耗的长途(跨海)飞行,而不是具中途停歇地的短距离断续迁徙. 相似文献
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Bryan P. Glass 《African Zoology》2013,48(1):177-179
Seventeen confirmed and four probable sightings of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, were documented from platform-of-opportunity Research Vessel (R/V) Dr. Fridtjof Nansen in a passing-mode visual survey of continental shelf waters between Conakry and Cap Vert Peninsula (Dakar), 21 October -5 November 2011. None were encountered in the northern stratum Dakar-Agadir, 6 November -15 December 2011. Total visual survey effort was 468 h, 01 min, covering 5335 km. Depending on the exclusion or inclusion of probable records, the sum of group sizes totalled 33 or 43 individuals, respectively. Humpback whale encounter rates between Conakry and Dakar then amounted to 1.74 or 2.27 whales/ 100 km, respectively. Group sizes ranged from 1-6 individuals (mean = 1.94, S.D. = 1.20, n =17; median = 2). Minimally five of 17 groups (29.4%) consisted of adult-calf pairs, with a minimum crude birth rate ranging from 0.060-0.152. All sightings occurred in shallow water, 22-60 m (mean = 35.0 m, S.D. = 10.13, n = 17) but survey effort in deeper, off-shore water was negligible. Sea-surface temperature at sighting locations ranged from 25.5-29.0°C (mean = 27.34, S.D. = 0.96, n = 17). No humpback whales were sighted during a second survey covering Conakry-Tangier-Las Palmas, from 9 May to 22 July 2012 (519 h, 13 min; 6278 km). The Cape Verde Islands comprised, to date, the only known wintering ground located in the North-East Atlantic. This study showed that Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau and Guinea are normal range states for M. novaeangliae. A temporal signature, six to seven months out-of-phase with mid-season in the Cape Verde Islands, and neonate presence strongly suggest that the wide Conakry-Dakar continental shelf serves as both wintering and nursery grounds for a South Atlantic stock, in agreement with Bamy et al. (2010). This stock may comprise the northwesternmost component of the large humpback whale assemblage migrating in and out of the northern Gulf of Guinea in austral winter/spring. Further research is required to consolidate insights linking temporal and spatial distribution off western Africa with hemispheric stock identity and migration paths. 相似文献
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对70份当地和引入紫云英种质资源在豫南地区种植的表型性状和结实特征进行研究,结果表明,供试紫云英均可在豫南地区完成扩繁,19个调查性状的变异系数(CV)介于1.3%~73.2%,其中冠层面积(CV=45.9%~73.2%)、始荚高度(CV=46.0%~52.9%)、生殖分枝数和生殖分枝比率(CV=34.6%~48.4%)、二级分枝数(CV=41.2%~41.3%)、返青期株高(CV=30.2%~39.2%)、种子产量(CV=24.4%~35.7%)变异性较高。信紫1号、XYHY-1等6个当地资源在越冬期和返青期叶片呈现紫红色。种子产量与返青期株高、盛花期株高、越冬期冠层大小、始荚高度、结荚层数、种子千粒重显著正相关;种子千粒重与返青期株高、盛花期株高、越冬期冠层大小、始荚高度、结荚层数、生殖分枝比率显著正相关,与出苗至盛花期天数、全氮和全磷含量显著负相关。引入资源平均种子产量为1015.5 kg·hm^(-2),当地资源平均种子产量为1096.5 kg·hm^(-2)。与冬油菜和冬小麦相比,大部分紫云英种质资源在豫南地区繁种具有较高的经济效益,适合移栽稻接茬。 相似文献
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Characterization of the LH peak after short and long fixed‐time artificial insemination protocols in sheep raised in the tropics 
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下载免费PDF全文 Gabriela Azenha Milani Soriano Felipe Rydygier de Ruediger Marilice Zundt Marco Aurélio da Cruz Nobre Gomes Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza Ines Cristina Giometti Guilherme de Paula Nogueira Gustavo Ricci Zanelli Fabiola Cristiane de Almeida Rego Caliê Castilho 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(9):1245-1252
The aim of this study was to evaluate the peak in luteinizing hormone (LH) and the pregnancy rate of sheep (Texel × Santa Inês) in the tropics using short‐ (6 days) and long‐term (12 days) progesterone protocols followed by artificial insemination (AI) both in and out of the breeding season. Experiment 1 was conducted within (IN) the breeding season (autumn, n = 36), and experiment 2 was conducted outside (OUT) of the breeding season (spring, n = 43). In each experiment, the sheep were divided into two groups (6 or 12 days) according to the duration of treatment with a single‐use progesterone release vaginal device (CIDR®, Pfizer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), and blood samples were collected from 10 animals per group every 4 hr to measure the LH and progesterone concentrations. In the spring, the characteristics of the LH peak did not differ between groups; but in the autumn, there were differences between groups at the beginning (G‐6 IN: 36.44 ± 5.46 hr; G‐12 IN: 26.57 ± 4.99 hr) and end of the LH peak (G‐6 IN: 46.22 ± 7.51 hr; G‐12 IN: 34.86 ± 8.86 hr). The results showed alterations in the LH peak during the breeding season only in the sheep undergoing the short‐term protocol. 相似文献