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Using plant extracts as immunostimulants in aquaculture has prove effectiv in resisting infectious disease, in addition to being safe and inexpensive. The present study is concerned about the prospective mode of action of using lesser galangal extract (Alpinia officinarum) encapsulated into amine surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) in order to elevate the immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed for 4 weeks with commercial diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5% and 1.5% of lesser galangal extract, and with previous concentrations encapsulated with MSN (0.5% + MSN, 1.5% + MSN) and MSN (without extract). The effects of the feeding trial on the innate humoural immune parameters (total protein, myeloperoxidase content, lysozyme antiproteases and bactericidal activities) in rainbow trout were examined. Also, the influence of dietary supplement on some immune‐related genes in rainbow trout head kidney (TNF, IL‐8, IL‐1b, LYZ2 and CD4) after challenge with Yersinia ruckeri was examined. The results revealed enhancement in immune parameters in all treatment groups compared to the control, especially in the fish group fed with 1.5% + MSN which showed the highest significant difference (p < .05) in total protein, lysozyme and antiproteases activities. Also, feeding lesser galangal extract encapsulated into MSN led to an increase in myeloperoxidase content and bactericidal activity. An improvement in the expression of immune‐related genes has been recorded in fish groups fed doses of lesser galangal extract and lesser galangal extract encapsulated into MSN compared to the control or to the group fed with MSN only. Particularly, the group fed with 0.5% + MSN showed a significant up‐regulation in most of the immune‐related genes. The current investigation supports using lesser galangal extract encapsulated into MSN in fish diets as a supplement to enhance the immune response of rainbow trout and elevate its resistance to infectious diseases. 相似文献
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Comparative transcriptome sequencing of the hepatopancreas reveals differentially expressed genes in the precocious juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis (Crustacea: Decapoda) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Yu Xu Xuguang Li Yanfei Deng Quanping Lu Yuanjie Yang Jianlin Pan Jiachun Ge Zhiqiang Xu 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3645-3656
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为发掘克氏原螯虾卵巢发育、免疫和肌肉生长的重要功能基因,采用Illumina HiSeq~(TM) 2 500高通量测序平台对克氏原螯虾的卵巢、肝胰腺和肌肉组织进行了转录组测序。所得序列经质控、组装后比对到NR、Swiss-Prot、pfam、COG、GO和KEGG数据库中注释,并进行差异基因聚类分析。结果显示,测序共获得了53 006个unigene,平均长度为1 194 bp。对3个组织样品的测序文库进行两两比较,发现在卵巢vs.肝胰腺中有差异表达基因(differentially expressed gene, DEG)20 382个,在肝胰腺vs.肌肉中有DEG 12 753个,在肌肉vs.卵巢中有DEG 21 629个。GO功能分类分析发现,部分DEG被注释到繁殖(reproduction)、繁殖过程(reproduction process)、免疫系统过程(immune system process)和生长(growth)GO条目。KEGG pathway分析显示,一部分DEG在卵巢发育、免疫和肌肉生长相关的信号通路中得到了富集。根据GO功能分类和KEGG信号通路分析筛选出了大量与克氏原螯虾卵巢发育、免疫和肌肉生长相关的候选基因,如卵黄蛋白原、卵黄蛋白原受体、Toll样受体2、Toll样受体相互作用蛋白、肌肉生长抑制素和5-羟色胺受体等。本研究结果丰富了克氏原螯虾的基因资源,可为克氏原螯虾的遗传育种和免疫研究提供基础数据。 相似文献
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为探明鲑降钙素(salmon calcitonin, sCT)对鱼类骨组织钙代谢过程的调节机制, 对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss) 幼鱼进行 sCT 腹腔注射, 并在注射后 24 h 采集鳞组织进行转录组测序, 分析其中长链非编码 RNA (long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)表达水平的变化。结果显示, 注射 sCT 后的虹鳟鳞组织中共鉴定出 847 个差异表达的 lncRNA, 其中 247 个表达上调, 600 个表达下调。GO 注释结果显示, 差异表达 lncRNA 靶基因主要被注释到转录调控、运输、信号转导、膜、细胞质、金属离子结合和核苷酸结合等功能中。KEGG 通路富集结果显示, 差异表达 lncRNA 靶基因在硫胺素代谢通路、炎症介质对 TRP 通道调节、血小板活化、谷氨酸能突触、神经营养因子通路、ARVC 通路和 NF-kappa B 信号通路等通路中显著富集。利用实时荧光定量 PCR (quantitative real-time PCR, qRT-PCR)对随机选取的 6 个差异表达 lncRNA 的表达量进行验证, 结果显示, qRT-PCR 与 RNA-Seq 结果一致。基于上述结果, 本研究筛选到 MSTRG.68909.2、MSTRG.39805.1、MSTRG.121429.1、MSTRG.9137.1 和 MSTRG.43721.1 共 5 个可能参与虹鳟钙代谢的关键 lncRNA, 这些关键基因的筛选鉴别可为探明硬骨鱼类骨代谢的调控机理提供新的切入点, 为虹鳟养殖生产实践提供参考。 相似文献
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Recovery of Bacillus mycoides,B. pseudomycoides and Aeromonas hydrophila from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with gill disease 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 During a 3‐month period from June to the end of August 2016, ~5% mortalities were observed in a farm with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) and one farm of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Bulgaria. The disease was manifested by gill ulcers/rot, asphyxiation and bloody ascites. Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from the internal organs of all the diseased fish. Bacillus mycoides or B. pseudomycoides were recovered from the gill lesions on diseased carp and rainbow trout, respectively, with identification achieved by conventional phenotyping and by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In vivo experiments confirmed that all three organisms were pathogenic to rainbow trout. 相似文献
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Effects of Panax ginseng extract in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth performance,immune response and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chiara Bulfon Tiziana Bongiorno Maria Messina Donatella Volpatti Emilio Tibaldi Francesca Tulli 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2369-2379
In a preliminary in vitro study, a Panax ginseng extract exhibited an evident antibacterial activity against Yersinia ruckeri and Lactococcus garvieae and affected the respiratory burst and proliferation of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss leukocytes. Subsequently, the effects of a dietary ginseng extract supplementation on growth, blood biochemical profile, innate immune response and resistance against Y. ruckeri infection were investigated in vivo in rainbow trout juveniles. Four experimental diets were obtained by adding 0.0%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% of ginseng ethanolic extract to a commercial feed. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean body weight 30.5 ± 0.15 g) at 1% of body weight day?1 for 10 weeks. The dietary supplementation with ginseng extract did not affect growth performance, feed utilization, biometric traits and fish whole body composition (P > 0.05). No major changes due to graded levels of ginseng extract in the diet were observed in blood biochemical parameters except for increasing plasma triglycerides and non‐esterified fatty acids in fish fed diets including 0.01% and 0.02% of extract (P < 0.05). The innate immune response was barely modulated by the dietary addition of ginseng extract. Serum lysozyme and leukocytes respiratory burst activities were just slightly increased in fish fed all the ginseng extract‐supplemented diets compared with controls, whereas serum antiproteases and leukocyte MPO were not affected (P > 0.05). The dietary administration of ginseng extract induced a reduction in mortality of rainbow trout infected with Y. ruckeri, although no significant differences between treated and control groups were observed (P > 0.05). 相似文献
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In this study, 318 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of 29 rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). These bacteria were screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit growth of Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of coldwater disease. Bacteria observed to inhibit F. psychrophilum growth were further screened against rainbow trout bile, as an indicator of their ability to survive in the GI tract. This screening resulted in narrowing the pool to 24 bacterial isolates. Those 24 isolates were then tested for pathogenicity in rainbow trout by intraperitoneal injection. Following a 28‐day challenge, eight isolates were shown to cause direct mortality and were eliminated from further study. As a result, 16 bacterial isolates were identified as probiotic candidates with the potential to control or reduce disease caused by F. psychrophilum. 相似文献
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Qi-Liang Chen Zhi Luo Chao Huang Ya-Xiong Pan Kun Wu 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(3):979-994
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B R LaFrentz S E LaPatra G R Jones J L Congleton B Sun K D Cain 《Journal of fish diseases》2002,25(12):703-713
Serum and mucosal antibody responses of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were characterized by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) following immunization with various preparations of formalin‐killed Flavobacterium psychrophilum cells. The protective nature of these preparations was then determined by immunizing rainbow trout fry and challenging with the bacterium. Juvenile rainbow trout immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) with formalin‐killed F. psychrophilum emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), and i.p. with formalin‐killed F. psychrophilum either with or without culture supernatant generated significant serum antibody responses by 6 and 9 weeks, respectively. Significant mucosal antibody responses were detected by 9 weeks only in fish immunized i.p. with killed F. psychrophilum/FCA. Following immunization and bacterial challenge of rainbow trout fry, protective immunity was conferred in F. psychrophilum/FCA and saline/FCA groups with relative per cent survival values of up to 83 and 51, respectively. Significant protection was not observed in treatment groups immunized by immersion or i.p. without adjuvant at the challenge doses tested. Results suggest that stimulation of non‐specific immune factors enhances the ability of fish to mount a protective immune response, but specific antibody appears necessary to provide near complete protection. In this study, an ELISA was developed to monitor anti‐F. psychrophilum antibody production in trout. The relationship of such responses to protective immunity suggests that future vaccination strategies against coldwater disease may require stimulation of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. 相似文献
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Kang Liu Beiping Tan Wei Zhang Hongyu Liu Xiaohui Dong Qihui Yang Shuyan Chi Shuang Zhang Haitao Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2155-2169
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Different antibiotic‐based drugs are being used for the treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, and several studies emphasize the use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants for prophylactic measure against Aeromoniasis disease. However, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) against A. hydrophila in rainbow trout were not investigated. Four different concentrations of tetra extract (0 [control], 4, 8 and 12 mg/100 µl) and also two different positive control groups (florfenicol and doxycycline antibiotics) were administered orally using feeding needles to individual rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss of all experimental groups twice a day after intramuscular inoculation of A. hydrophila. The study period was for 10 days. On 0th, 3rd, 7th and 10th day, blood and tissues were collected from the fish and changes in humoral immune responses, haematology and immune‐related gene expressions were determined. In the study, superoxide radical production was decreased generally in all experimental groups except in 12 mg tetra and florfenicol treatments compared to control (p < .05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (p < .05), or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to the control. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in florfenicol‐treated fish group on 7th day (p < .05). Generally, myeloperoxidase activity showed an increase in almost all tetra‐treated groups. Haematological parameters increased but were not significantly high enough in treatments. Almost all immune‐related gene expressions were significantly enhanced on 3rd and 10th day of the study. Survival rate of 53.33% was found in control group. There were no significant differences in survival between control and 4 mg tetra‐treated group (p > .05). All the other groups' survival rate was significantly increased compared to control. The highest survival rate was found in florfenicol group (80%). In 12 mg tetra‐, doxycycline‐ and 8 mg tetra‐treated groups, survival rate was recorded as 74.44%, 70% and 70%, respectively. Our results suggest that tetra methanolic extract is an effective therapeutic remedy against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 24 mg/32.34 g body weight/day. 相似文献
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Observations were made using histopathological techniques in conjunction with a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for the specific detection of “Candidatus arthromitus” on DNA extracted from wax‐embedded tissues and fresh digestive contents of rainbow trout. Samples positive for “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA included fish with rainbow trout gastroenteritis (RTGE), clinically normal cohabiting fish, and apparently healthy controls from RTGE positive and RTGE negative sites. The results obtained from the PCR were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA was found in distal intestine as well as in sections of pyloric caeca, suggesting that both these locations are appropriate for molecular detection of “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA in trout. Furthermore, rainbow trout fry distal intestinal samples from two different hatcheries where RTGE had not been reported were also positive. Differences in “Candidatus arthromitus” DNA detection between paraffin wax‐embedded and fresh digestive content samples from the same fish suggested that it may be predominantly epithelium‐associated in healthy trout. Parallel histopathological observations indicated that pyloric caeca are the preferred site for visualizing segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in trout with RTGE. The results of this study showed that the presence of SFB was not invariably associated with clinical disease and that more information is required to understand the role of these organisms. 相似文献