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不同结构丝素蛋白对羟基磷灰石结晶的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨不同结构丝素蛋白对羟基磷灰石结晶的影响,可为羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白复合材料应用于骨组织工程支架材料的研究提供依据。用中性盐水解的方法获得以无规卷曲结构为主的丝素蛋白(SF),再经乙醇处理得到具有β-折叠结构的丝素蛋白(ALSF)。以两种不同结构的丝素蛋白作为羟基磷灰石(HA)沉积的有机模板,通过共沉淀的方法获得HA/SF和HA/ALSF复合粉末。利用红外吸收光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对复合材料样品进行检测和分析表明,2种丝素蛋白均对HA晶体的形核和生长产生影响,但不同结构丝素蛋白调控生成的复合材料其形貌和结晶尺寸有所不同。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2015,(4)
为了简化丝素微球的制备方法及保证丝素微球作为药物缓释载体的安全性与结构稳定性,以丝素蛋白为原材料,采用自组装方法并调节丝素蛋白溶液浓度、冷冻温度、异丙醇添加量等条件,制备粒径在0.4~1.3μm之间的丝素微球。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)下观察制备的丝素微球呈规则的球状结构,球面光滑,粒径分布较为均匀;采用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和热重分析仪(DTG)测试自组装后丝素微球的分子构象已发生转化,β-折叠结构含量明显增加,并具有较好的热稳定性。研究结果表明,丝素蛋白溶液浓度、冷冻温度、异丙醇添加量对丝素微球的形态结构有影响,可以通过自组装方法制备出粒径可控,结构和性能稳定的丝素微球,并有望开发为药物缓释载体。 相似文献
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《蚕业科学》2015,(2)
为了开发适合临床应用的新型人工血管,以蚕丝编织物为芯层,模拟天然血管组织结构制备了一种丝素蛋白(SF)多孔管状支架。研究丝素蛋白与交联剂聚乙二醇双环氧甘油醚(PEG-DE)的配比、丝素蛋白浓度和冷冻温度对管状支架成型及结构的影响,并进行管状支架的体外细胞毒性试验。交联剂和丝素蛋白的配比与管状支架上丝素蛋白的覆盖度密切相关,SF与PEG-DE的质量比在1.0∶0.5~1.0∶1.0范围内,管状支架成型较好;丝素蛋白浓度越高,管状支架内部孔径越小,孔密度越高;冷冻温度越低,管状支架孔径越小。通过调节丝素蛋白浓度和冷冻温度可以控制支架内部孔径在50~300μm之间。采用MTT法测定PEG-DE交联的丝素蛋白管状支架没有明显的细胞毒性,具有进一步临床应用研究的价值。 相似文献
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骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)能够促进成骨细胞分化和骨组织的再生。将制备的羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白(HA/SF)复合支架在50μg/mL BMP-2溶液中浸渍4 h后,获得了载入BMP-2的HA/SF复合支架。体外检测在原核表达系统中表达、纯化的BMP-2有促进细胞增殖的生物活性;BMP-2从HA/SF复合支架中的释放可持续9 d,并保持其生物活性,其中BMP-2在第1天的释放率即达到了43%;细胞实验结果显示,与空白HA/SF复合支架相比,载入BMP-2的HA/SF复合支架可以促进人骨肉瘤细胞(MG-63)的增殖与分化;RT-PCR检测BMP-2的加入使细胞内骨钙素基因mRNA转录水平明显提高,即骨钙素基因的表达增强。研究结果提示:HA/SF复合支架可吸附BMP-2并使其缓慢释放,从而促进细胞的增殖与分化,具有良好的细胞相容性,是一种较理想的骨组织缺损修复材料。 相似文献
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为拓展丝素蛋白(silk fibroin, SF)膜在皮肤组织工程中的应用,文中通过制备含有一定比例交联剂1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl) carbodiimide, EDC)的SF水溶液,得到了水稳定性和延展性增强的丝素蛋白膜,并对所得丝素蛋白膜的溶失率、力学性能、交联度和二级结构进行了表征和分析。与纯SF膜(silk fibroin film, SFF)相比,EDC处理的SF膜(SFF-EDC)的溶失率从98.2%大幅下降到6.1%;力学性能方面,按EDC∶SF质量比为10∶100制备的丝素膜SFF-10EDC的断裂伸长率达到170.97%,是SFF的60倍;EDC可引起SF链分子内和分子间酰胺键的形成,促进SF分子构象从无规卷曲转变为β折叠结构。结果表明,在与SF的相互作用中EDC不仅可作为交联剂,还可作为增塑剂。该研究为构建柔性SF膜提供了新方法。 相似文献
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不同溶解体系的丝素蛋白分子质量及对再生丝素膜性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了便于根据不同丝素蛋白制品开发要求控制丝素蛋白的分子质量,用SDS-PAGE电泳方法检测不同溶解体系制取丝素蛋白的分子质量,并对不同分子质量丝素蛋白制备的再生丝素膜进行傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TGA)、微商热重(DTG)和热水溶失率等结构与性能的测试。SDS-PAGE检测结果显示,在LiBr-CH3CH2OH-H2O、Ca(NO3)2-CH3OH-H2O和Na-SCN-H2O溶解体系中的丝素蛋白分子质量较高且分布广;在CaCl2-CH3CH2OH-H2O和LiBr-H2O溶解体系中的丝素蛋白分子质量较低。FTIR、TGA、DTG和热水溶失率测试结果显示,低分子质量丝素蛋白溶液在成膜时较难形成α-结构和β折叠结构;而高分子质量丝素蛋白溶液在成膜时则较容易转变形成这2种结构。 相似文献
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以2种融合了蜘蛛丝蛋白的转基因蚕丝为材料制备转基因丝素支架,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及压缩测试等方法表征转基因丝素支架的结构与性能变化.结果 表明,转基因丝素支架的横截面以蜂窝状多孔结构为主,易于细胞的黏附和生长;再生丝素蛋白结构发生变化,β折叠结构含量提高了16.14％;力学性能得到改善,压缩模量和抗压强度分别提高了24.49％和38.11％.体外细胞培养验证了转基因支架材料生物相容性良好,对细胞增殖没有显著影响,是一种更理想的肌骨组织修复医用备选材料.研究证实了转基因蚕丝应用于再生丝素材料的可行性,为组织工程材料开发提供了新的方向. 相似文献
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以丝素蛋白为原料,采用偶氮盐法进行修饰获得磺酸化丝素蛋白。利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FT-IR)仪获取磺酸化丝素蛋白及不同有机溶剂处理后的样品光谱,通过傅里叶自退卷积、二阶导数及曲线拟合方法测算磺酸化丝素蛋白各二级结构比率的变化,并对其免疫原性进行动物试验分析,探讨磺酸化丝素蛋白在医学组织工程的应用价值。冷冻干燥得到的磺酸化丝素蛋白二级结构β-折叠、无规卷曲、α-型、β-转角的比率依次为10.97%±1.32%、59.92%±2.72%、17.50%±2.13%、11.61%±1.17%。磺酸化丝素蛋白经不同种类有机醇溶剂处理后,诱导二级结构变化的速度不同,并随着处理时间的延长,诱导磺酸化丝素蛋白结构改变的速率减缓。经有机醇溶剂处理后,二级结构中的无规卷曲转变成SilkⅠ型的α-型,然后转变成较稳定的SilkⅡ型的β-折叠,且在不同溶剂中无规卷曲和α-型间可相互转化。通过小鼠脾细胞(T、B细胞)的刺激反应性试验发现磺酸化丝素蛋白的免疫原性低。研究结果表明,磺酸化丝素蛋白具有较低免疫原性以及其二级结构可以通过有机醇类进行调节的特点,有望开发成为一种生物相容性优良、可降解吸收的组织工程及药物缓控释材料。 相似文献
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Cesar Consuegra Francisco Crespo Jesús Dorado Maria Diaz‐Jimenez Blasa Pereira Manuel Hidalgo 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(Z4):86-89
Lipids and proteins can be used for sperm vitrification to preserve the integrity of sperm membranes or to increase the viscosity of the medium. This study evaluated the effect of low‐density lipoproteins (LDL) and milk serum proteins (Pronexcell) for stallion sperm vitrification. Hippex extender (Barex Biochemical Products, The Netherlands), plus 1% of bovine serum albumin and 100 mM of trehalose, was used as control for sperm vitrification. In experiment 1, different concentrations of LDL (L1 = 0.25, L2 = 0.5, L3 = 1%) and in experiment 2 of Pronexcell (P1 = 1, P2 = 5, P3 = 10%) were added to control extender. Vitrification was performed in 0.25‐ml straws directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Total motility (TM, %) and progressive motility (PM, %) were analysed by CASA, and plasma membrane (IMS, %) and acrosome membrane integrity (AIS, %) were assessed under epifluorescence microscopy. Post‐warmed sperm parameters were compared between treatments by ANOVA. Results were expressed as mean ± SEM. In both experiments, the minimum concentration of LDL and Pronexcell obtained significantly higher values (p < 0.01) than the control extender for TM (L1 = 52.95 ± 4.4; P1 = 58.99 ± 4.6; C = 30.88 ± 3.0), PM (L1 = 36.79 ± 5.5; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 19.20 ± 2.4), IMS (L1 = 68.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 52.81 ± 2.6) and AIS (L1 = 45.88 ± 3.6; P1 = 47.25 ± 4.3; C = 26.00 ± 2.1). No differences in sperm parameters were found among different concentrations of LDL or Pronexcell. In conclusion, the addition of 0.25% LDL and 1% Pronexcell to the vitrification extender is recommended to improve the quality of stallion sperm after vitrification. 相似文献
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A meta-analysis of data obtained from previous studies was conducted to understand the responses of foliage supplementation on intakes of basal DM (BDMI) and total DM (TDMI), and daily gain (ADG). Thirty-four published studies containing 223 treatments and 1127 sheep met criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Major predictive variables considered were percentages of foliages in diet (SD), CP in foliages (PS), NDF in foliages (FS), NDF in forages (FB), CP in basal roughages (PB), CP in diet (PD) and foliage CP intake (SPI). TDMI (g/d) increased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS, FS, SPI (R2 = 0.66), PB, SD (R2 = 0.58) and PD (R2 = 0.73). The maximal response of TDMI were 778 g/d at 42% of SD, 894 g/d at 19.8% PD, 893 g/d at 148 g/d SPI and 749 g/d at 26.4% PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.58, 0.73, 0.66, and 0.37, respectively). BDMI increased quadratically with increasing SD, PD and PB, but decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing PS (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.07). The breakpoint of BDMI was 570 g/d at 6.58% of PD in the diet (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.28). Overall, BDMI responded at very low level of SD in the diet, peaking at 7.6% SD with BDMI of 572 g/d (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.72). However, when PB was less than 3%, the maximal BDMI was 489 g/d at foliage levels of 25.7%. When PB was between 3 and 6%, maximal BDMI was at 13% of foliage in the diet and the basal forage intake of 597 g/d; whereas, BDMI decreased linearly with SD when PB was greater than 6%. BDMI (g/d) decreased quadratically when foliage CP percentages were lesser than 10%, but increased quadratically with PS when foliage CP percentages were greater than 10%. ADG responded positively and quadratically to PS, SPI, SD, PD and TDMI (g/d) and the relationships were moderate to high. However, ADG (g/d) decreased linearly with increasing FS (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.35). The maximal ADG was 42 g/d at 43% of SD, 41 g/d at 9.4% PD, 42 g/d at 53 g/d SPI, 35 g/d at 25% PS and 46 g/d at TDMI of 889 g/d (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.74, 0.84, 0.74, 0.29 and 0.74, respectively). It is concluded that the interactions of quality and quantity of foliage supplements and quality of basal forages affect intakes of basal and total DM, and growth in sheep. 相似文献
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《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2022,49(6):572-579
ObjectiveTo compare the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine administered either intranasally or intramuscularly to healthy dogs.Study designProspective, randomized, blinded, clinical trial.AnimalsA group of 16 client-owned healthy dogs.MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two groups that were administered dexmedetomidine 5 μg kg–1 via either the intranasal route (INDex), through a mucosal atomization device in one nostril, or the intramuscular route (IMDex), into the epaxial muscles. Ease of intranasal administration, sedation score, onset of sedation, cardiopulmonary variables, mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNTs) and response to venous catheterization were recorded at 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 minutes, following drug administration. Data were compared with the one-way anova, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test, where appropriate.ResultsGroups were not different for age, sex, weight, body condition score or temperament. Sedation scores, MNTs and response to intravenous catheter placement were not different when dexmedetomidine was administered by either route (p = 0.691; p = 0.630 and p = 0.435, respectively). Onset of sedation was not different between groups INDex and IMDex reaching a score of 4.2 ± 0.9 and 5.5 ± 1.2 at 9 ± 5 and 8 ± 4 minutes, respectively (p = 0.467). The highest sedation score was achieved at 30 and 35 minutes and sedation scores were 9.7 ± 2.0 and 9.5 ± 2.3 in groups INDex and IMDex, respectively (p = 0.799). Respiratory rate was higher in group INDex (p = 0.014), while there were no differences between routes in heart rate (p = 0.275), systolic (p = 0.957), diastolic (p = 0.837) or mean arterial pressure (p = 0.921).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIntranasal administration of dexmedetomidine at 5 μg kg–1 provides effective sedation in healthy dogs. 相似文献
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Comparison on the physico‐chemical and nutritional qualities of normal and abnormal colored fresh chicken liver 
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下载免费PDF全文 Guoyuan Xiong Xueqin Gao Haibo Zheng Xin Li Xinglian Xu Guanghong Zhou 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(6):893-899
This study evaluated the differences of physico‐chemical and nutritional qualities between abnormal colored chicken livers (ANCCLs) and normal colored chicken livers (NCCLs) and the safety of the both livers. Compared with NCCLs, ANCCLs were lower in protein, water contents (P < 0.01), pH and pigment contents (P < 0.05). NCCLs contained higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) (P < 0.05). The PUFA/SFA ratio of NCCLs was 0.453, higher (P < 0.05) than that of ANCCLs. The contents of alanine, valine, tyrosine, lysine and histidine in NCCLs were higher (P < 0.05) than in ANCCLs. The contents of K, Na, P, Cu, Fe and Se of NCCLs were higher (P < 0.05), but the Ca content was lower (P < 0.05). The content of the heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb and Cd) of the two types of livers complied with food safety requirements. Although NCCLs had higher nutritional value than ANCCLs, both livers were acceptable for human consumption. 相似文献
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Flavia O S van Cleef Jos C B Dubeux Jr. Harley D Naumann Erick R S Santos Lynn E Sollenberger Joo M B Vendramini Martin Ruiz-Moreno Francine M Ciriaco Nicolas DiLorenzo 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(8)
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different proportions of ‘Au Grazer’ sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don], a legume rich in condensed tannins (CT), on nutrient intake and digestibility, and to estimate methane (CH4) emissions and 13C isotopic composition (δ13CCH4) from beef steers consuming a forage-based diet. Twenty-five Angus-crossbred steers were distributed in a randomized complete block design (344 ± 48 kg initial BW), and randomly assigned to one of five treatments: 0SL, 25SL, 50SL, 75SL, and 100SL, diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of SL hay, respectively, mixed with ‘Tifton-85’ bermudagrass hay (Cynodon spp.). The study was carried out for two experimental periods of 21-d each. The statistical model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effects of block, experimental period, and their interaction. Apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber was linearly decreased (P < 0.001) by the inclusion of SL. No effects were observed for total CH4 emissions per day, nor for CH4 relative to organic matter intake or digestible organic matter with the inclusion of SL. However, emission of CH4 in relation to intake of CT was affected by treatment (P < 0.001). A linear (P < 0.001) decrease and a quadratic effect (P < 0.001) were observed for δ13C of diets and gas, respectively, in which diets and enteric CH4 with greater inclusion of SL were more depleted in 13C. Moreover, the difference in δ13C between diets and gas (Δδ13C) had a linear decrease (P = 0.001) with the inclusion of SL. The model developed to predict the C3 proportions in the enteric CH4 fitted to predicted values (P < 0.0001). Therefore, greater proportions of SL resulted in lesser CH4 emission when CT intake was considered and the isotopic composition from enteric CH4 was able to predict the contribution of SL in the emissions. 相似文献
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Gabriela A. Albarellos Sabrina M. Passini Martín P. Lupi Silvia Aramayona Paula M. Lorenzini Laura Montoya Maria F. Landoni 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2020,43(3):297-302
Cefuroxime axetil pharmacokinetic profile was investigated in 12 Beagle dogs after single intravenous and oral administration of tablets or suspension at a dose of 20 mg/kg, under both fasting and fed conditions. A three-period, three-treatment crossover study (IV, PO under fasting and fed condition) was applied. Blood samples were withdrawn at predetermined times over a 12-hr period. Cefuroxime plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. Data were analyzed by compartmental analysis. No statistically significant differences were observed between formulations and feeding conditions on PK parameters. Independently of the feeding condition, absorption of cefuroxime axetil after tablet administration was low and erratic. The drug has been quantified in plasma in 3 out of 6 and 5 out of 6 dogs in the fasted and fed groups. For this formulation, the bioavailability (F), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of cefuroxime axetil were significantly enhanced (p < .05) by the concomitant ingestion of food (32.97 ± 13.47–14.08 ± 7.79%, 6.30 ± 2.62–2.74 ± 0.66 µg/ml, and 15.75 ± 3.98–7.82 ± 2.76 µg.hr/ml for F, Cmax, and AUC in fed and fasted dogs, respectively), while for cefuroxime axetil suspension, feeding conditions affected only the rate of absorption, as reflected by the significantly shorter absorption half-life (T½(a)) and time to peak concentration (Tmax) (0.55 ± 0.27–1.15 ± 0.19 hr and 1.21 ± 0.22–1.70 ± 0.30 for T½(a) and Tmax in fed and fasted dogs, respectively). For cefuroxime axetil tablets, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was <2 hr in fasted and ≈4 hr in fed animals, and for cefuroxime axetil suspension, T > MIC (≤1 µg/ml) was ≈5 hr and for T >MIC (≤4 µg/ml) was ≈2.5 hr for fasted and fed dogs, respectively. Cefuroxime axetil as a suspension formulation seems to be a better option than tablets. However, its short permanence in plasma could reduce its clinical usefulness in dogs. 相似文献
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Net requirements of calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium for growth of Nellore × Red Angus bulls, steers, and heifers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mario Luiz Chizzotti Sebastio de Campos Valadares Filho Luis Orlindo Tedeschi Pedro Veiga Rodrigues Paulino Mrio Fonseca Paulino Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares Paloma Amaral Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti Tainnah Ikegami Rodrigues Mozart Alves Fonseca 《Livestock Science》2009,124(1-3):242-247
A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to assess the net requirements for gain of Ca, P, Na, K and Mg of bulls, steers and heifers of Nellore and Red Angus crossbreds. Twenty seven F1 Nellore and Red Angus crossbred calves (9 steers, 9 bulls, and 9 heifers), averaging 274 kg BW, were used. At the beginning of the trial, three animals from each gender were slaughtered to determine the initial body composition. The remaining 18 animals (3 animals of each gender) were randomly assigned to two treatments: fed 0.75 or 1.5% of BW of concentrate. The diets were based on corn silage and were isonitrogenous (2% N, DM). After three growing periods of 28 d, all animals were slaughtered. The cleaned gastrointestinal tract, organs, carcass, head, hide, tail, feet, and tissues were weighed to determine the empty BW (EBW). These parts were ground separately and subsampled for chemical analyses. The log of the contents of each mineral in the empty body was regressed on the log of the EBW to estimate the net requirement for each mineral per kg of empty body gain (EBG). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the net requirements for growth of all macrominerals among genders. The equations of the pooled data of the net requirements for growth (g/kg EBG) were: 332.6 × EBW − 0.6367 for Ca, 112.1 × EBW − 0.5615 for P, 10.85 × EBW − 0.3992 for Na, 4.01 × EBW − 0.153 for K, and 3.589 × EBW − 0.462 for Mg. Our findings indicated that retained Ca and retained P were poorly related to the retained protein. 相似文献
18.
Jincheng Xiong Qianqian Zhu Yaxin Zhao Shuaike Yang Jiyue Cao Yinsheng Qiu 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(3):336-345
The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules and premix after oral administration at a dose of 40 mg/kg in pigs. Three kinds of different respiratory pathogens were selected for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) to tilmicosin. Eight healthy pigs were assigned to a two‐period, randomized crossover design. A modified rapid, sensitive HPLC method was used for determining the concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using WinNonlin 5.2 software. The MIC90 of tilmicosin against Haemophilus parasuis, Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida were all 8 μg/ml. These results indicated that these common pig respiratory bacteria are sensitive to tilmicosin. The main parameters of time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax), elimination half‐life (t1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), and apparent volume of distribution (VF) were 2.03 ± 0.37 hr, 29.31 ± 5.56 hr, 25.22 ± 2.57 hr, 4.06 ± 1.04 L/kg, and 3.05 ± 0.08 hr, 17.06 ± 1.77 hr, 15.55 ± 1.37 hr, 2.95 ± 0.62 L/kg after the orally administrated tilmicosin enteric granules and premix. The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin enteric granules to premix was 114.97 ± 7.19%, according to the AUC0‐t values. These results demonstrated that tilmicosin enteric granules produced faster tilmicosin absorption, slower elimination, larger tissue distribution, and higher bioavailability compared to the tilmicosin premix. The present study results manifest that tilmicosin enteric granules can be used as a therapeutic alternative to premix in clinical treatment. 相似文献
19.
Hongfang Wang Hongyun Liu Jianxin Liu Ke Zhao Chong Wang Weiren Yang 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(7):744-750
Primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were treated by 0, 37.5, 75, 112.5, 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to evaluate the effects of different level trans10, cis12 CLA on lipogenesis in BMEC. Addition of 75–150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA reduced significantly the triacylglycerol (TAG) content (P < 0.05), but did not have inhibiting action on cell proliferation (P > 0.05). Treatment with 150 μmol/L trans10, cis12 CLA for 48 h resulted in a 17.1% reduction (P < 0.0001) of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA, C14 < C < C16), a 26.5% reduction (P < 0.0001) of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and a corresponding reduction of the mRNA abundance of acetyl coenzyme A (acetylCoA) carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.046), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.017) and stearoylCoA desaturase1 (SCD1) (P = 0.002). Another finding was that trans10, cis12 CLA elevated expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase2 (DGAT2) (P = 0.020) and long chain acylCoA synthetases (ACSL) (P = 0.032). In conclusion, higher trans10, cis12 CLA, not low trans10, cis12 CLA, inhibited milk fat synthesis and changed fatty acid composition by regulating the expression of FAS, ACC, SCD1, DGAT2 and ACSL. 相似文献
20.
Birth difficulty and poor lamb vigour are significant causes of perinatal lamb mortality. In this study we investigated whether sheep breeds differing in appearance, muscularity and selection history also had differences in dystocia and lamb vigour, and considered some of the factors that may contribute to the variation in these traits. Data were collected at birth from a total of 3252 lambs of two terminal sire breeds selected for lean growth (Suffolk [S], n = 500 and Texel [T], n = 1207), from a Hill breed (Scottish Blackface [B], n = 610), which has been mainly selected for hardiness, and a crossbred (Mule × T [M], n = 935) representing a maternal line. For each lamb the degree of assistance at delivery, lamb presentation, amount of assistance to achieve successful sucking, sex, litter size and birth weight were recorded. T lambs required the most, and B and M lambs the least assistance at birth, S lambs were intermediate (% lambs assisted: T = 55.7, S = 30.7, B = 22.7, M = 24.9, P < 0.001). T and S lambs were equally likely to be malpresented at birth (29% of births) and more likely to be malpresented than B or M lambs (20%; P < 0.001). In T and S breeds lambs requiring veterinary assistance at delivery were mainly heavy and singleton lambs, whereas in B and M breeds these were exclusively low birth weight lambs in multiple litters. Although heavier lambs needed greater birth assistance, T lambs were lighter than S and M lambs, but heavier than B lambs (birth weight (kg): S = 4.66, M = 4.56, T = 4.32, B = 3.67, P < 0.001). S lambs were more likely to require assistance with sucking than other breeds, and T lambs also required more assistance than B or M lambs (% lambs assisted to suck: S = 56.0, T = 31.6, M = 19.8, B = 18.4, P < 0.001). Heavier lambs were more likely to suck unaided than lighter lambs (P < 0.001). The data suggest that the two terminal sire breeds, selected narrowly for greater productivity (muscle growth and conformation), are more likely to experience birth difficulty and poorer lamb vigour than the breed selected for hardiness, or the cross breed. Whether these effects arise as a consequence of genetic selection (e.g. for specific lamb conformation), or as a result of management practices to achieve selection goals (e.g. increased intervention at lambing) is unknown. Specific actions to improve birth difficulty and lamb vigour, such as including these traits in the selection index, would be beneficial in improving the welfare of ewes and lambs of the terminal sire breeds. 相似文献