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在美国用驳船把粮食从内陆仓库转运至出口仓库,有时需要熏蒸处理,以控制害虫的为害。最初的熏蒸工作,只是为了降低害虫的为害,而不是彻底地消灭害虫;租用气密性驳船,并具有彻底消灭害虫设备,所需的额外费用,货主是不能接受的,因而在普通驳船上用磷化铝来熏蒸,不能达到预定的效果。美国农业部农业研究所,把从密西西比河开往新奥尔良的6条载有玉米的普通驳船,用磷化铝片剂进行熏蒸处理,并对整个处理情况进行 相似文献
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调查了藤枝害虫种类及危害状。在疫情处理时,采用中小仓库符合熏蒸条件的密封门窗或用厚聚氯乙烯薄膜覆盖,用磷化铝１０ｇ／ｍ＾３,熏蒸７天,大型仓库用溴甲烷与磷化铝混合熏蒸,用药为１５．９＋１．６８ｇ／ｍ＾３,熏蒸９天,少量藤料感染害虫、可用硫磺２５０ｇ／ｍ＾３,硫磺点烯后,熏蒸２４小时,集装箱装载藤料发现疫情,可用硫酰氟熏蒸,在２５－３５℃,投药量５０ｇ／ｍ＾３,１５－２４℃为６０ｇ／ｍ＾３,５－１４ 相似文献
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最近在英国的检疫、食品、博物馆和图书馆等部门开始使用一种称为拉锁式熏蒸系统(zip-up fumigation system)的装置。这套系统主要由塑料熏蒸袋和施药器组成。熏蒸袋是用高强度和高韧性的塑料制成,可折叠。袋底四周有一圈高气密性的拉锁。使用时将拉锁打开,把要熏蒸的物品放在袋底上,也可将汽车开到上面,拉上拉锁,用管子将熏蒸袋 相似文献
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皮蠹类害虫食性复杂,主要为害仓库中的粮食:小麦、玉米,水稻等,此外对花生、大豆、干果、药材、皮毛及毛纺织品均能为害。1984年6月,解放军某部军需仓库(5000m~3)储存的军用毛呢料发生黑皮蠹、花斑皮蠹为害,如不及时防治处理将会造成经济上的巨大损失。对此,我们使用了新型熏蒸剂硫酰氟进行熏蒸处理,取得了圆满结果。硫酰氟在我国科研及生产上应用还是近 相似文献
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20 0 3年 3月 12日 ,防城港局在对来自泰国的进口橡胶木托实施检疫时 ,在一个集装箱内查获少量皮蠹幼虫 ,经实验室饲养获得成虫后 ,确认该虫为一类危险性害虫———谷斑皮蠹(TrogodcrmagranariumEverts)。该虫为世界性的危险性仓库害虫。此次发现该虫 ,可能是货物存放在仓库或集装箱时被感染所致。货物在启运国家经过熏蒸并出具熏蒸证书 ,但由于该虫具有极强的抗药性而未被杀死。日前该批货物已在口岸经熏蒸处理合格后入境。因此 ,各口岸应加强对来自检疫性病虫疫区货物的检验检疫力度。防城港局在入境橡胶的木托上截获谷斑皮蠹@黄世水$防… 相似文献
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《植物检疫》2010,(6)
本项目以莆田进口木材检疫除害处理区为样本,通过走访秀屿港区、其他口岸港区以及相关木材进口企业,了解进口原木的材种、长度、直径以及堆垛相关数据;通过查找相关资料,了解目前世界各国采用的溴甲烷熏蒸处理设施的主要种类,并结合上述调查与研究的成果,提出熏蒸处理设施的主要类型和基本建设方式;根据处理区面积、预计的进口量和防疫技术要求等,提出熏蒸处理区域的各功能布局、面积和相关技术参数,特别是对熏蒸设备的4个控制系统,即投药系统、循环系统、监测系统和尾气回收系统进行创新,研究制定出科学、安全、有效、环保的熏蒸除害处理区建设方案。同时,借助该处理区开展相应的除害处理技术指标优化研究,以达到高效、省时、节药、经济的最佳目的。 相似文献
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关于熏蒸剂磷化铝的性质、杀虫种类以及用药量等,本列第2卷第5期已经报导,兹将熏蒸方法和施药器介绍如下: 熏蒸方法:如谷物散装,可按仓库密闭情况,防治害虫种类,谷物数量等计算用药片量。如用机械转运贮藏谷物,可折算单位时间转运量,将药片投入转运带上而混入谷堆。 已经散装谷物的仓库,应划分有效范围,用施药器将药片送到一定位置。 袋装谷物,将药片尽可能均匀地施置堆间。 熏蒸后,立即揭开复盖物,打开门窗,彻底通风(通风6小时以上),以保安全。 相似文献
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谈谈货物和仓库内害虫的交叉感染周洪魁（秦皇岛动植物检疫局０６６００２）供外贸出口的粮食、饲料与所在仓库内害虫交叉感染一直是困扰外贸货主、熏蒸队和仓库管理者的问题。引起货、库害虫交叉感染的主要原因：一是储粮场地环境卫生不合植检防疫的规定，如露天仓库杂草... 相似文献
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实验室条件下系统研究了磷化氢(PH3)对储物害虫嗜卷书虱Liposcelis bostrychophila卵、各龄若虫和成虫的致死作用,并选用PH3间歇熏蒸以及PH3与气调交替处理等措施对嗜卷书虱进行处理,比较了不同处理措施对嗜卷书虱种群的控制效果。结果表明,PH3熏蒸处理对嗜卷书虱各虫态有不同的致死效果。对卵而言,24、72和120 h熏蒸处理的LC50分别为0.137、0.045和0.035 mg/L;而24 h熏蒸处理对若虫的LC50在4.285~7.364 μg/L之间,对成虫的LC50为20.404 μg/L;采用25 μg/L的PH3进行24 h熏蒸处理,间隔10 d后再分别进行第2次和第3次熏蒸处理,可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。采用PH3 (12 μg/L)和气调(体积比例为35% CO2,1% O2,64% N2)交替处理能够延缓嗜卷书虱种群抗性的发展,交替处理3~5次可以完全控制嗜卷书虱的发生。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius is widespread in approximately 216 tree and plant species in tropical and subtropical countries. No direct means of protection against P. noxius infection have thus far been developed. Therefore, in this field survey, a method was developed for preventing and controlling brown root rot disease using fumigation with dazomet. RESULTS: Tracers were used to monitor the effect of dazomet fumigation. The results from field surveys and phytotoxicity tests showed that dazomet is able to kill P. noxius without any side effects on plants. CONCLUSION: The use of an environmentally friendly agent to control brown root rot disease is needed, and prevention of the disease is more important than treatment. Hence, chemical fumigation with 60 g m?2 of 98% dazomet may be a possible means of preventing P. noxius incursion in agriculture, gardening and agroforestry. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为探究威百亩对土壤反硝化作用的影响及作用机制,采用理化分析和变性梯度凝胶电泳方法分析浓度20、100和500 mg/kg威百亩熏蒸对土壤反硝化作用及nirS型反硝化细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示,威百亩熏蒸处理0、14 d后,500 mg/kg浓度处理的土壤反硝化率为84.64%、90.52%,分别显著低于对照的86.72%和91.87%,100、20 mg/kg浓度处理的土壤反硝化率与对照均无显著差异;熏蒸处理28、56和84 d后,4个处理的土壤反硝化率均无显著差异。与对照相比,3个浓度威百亩熏蒸处理0、14、28、56和84 d后的土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落的多样性指数和均匀度指数均差异不显著。除56 d外,20 mg/kg浓度熏蒸处理0、14、28和84 d的土壤细菌群落丰富度指数分别为8.77、14.77、9.77和8.75,均显著低于对照;100 mg/kg浓度熏蒸处理0、14和28 d后的土壤细菌群落丰富度指数分别为10.76、6.77和10.78,显著低于对照,而处理56、84 d后,土壤细菌群落丰富度指数与对照无显著差异。500 mg/kg浓度威百亩熏蒸处理后,土壤反硝化作用在熏蒸后0~14 d受到抑制,28 d后土壤反硝化作用自然恢复;土壤细菌群落丰富度指数无论熏蒸初期或后期与均对照差异不显著。威百亩对土壤反硝化强度的影响与nirS型硝化细菌群落结构变化无关,说明nirS型反硝化细菌在土壤反硝化作用中不起主要作用。 相似文献
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G.J. van Os J.P.M. Wijnker W.J.M. van Gulik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(8):791-800
The effects of flooding and soil fumigation with cis-dichloropropene or methylisothiocyanate (MIT) on disease suppression against Pythium spp. were tested in pot and field experiments in sandy soil. Disease suppression was reduced by both flooding and fumigation treatments, resulting in severe infection in Iris and Crocus and reduction of bulb yields. It is demonstrated that the disease suppression has a biological nature, and that disease severity is more related to effects of the soil treatments on the soil microflora than to the initial inoculum density of Pythium. After flooding, disease suppression was restored within the experimental period of two years, whereas after fumigation, disease suppression was only partially restored. The effect of repeated fumigation in two consecutive years on the disease suppression was less severe than the effect of a single fumigation treatment prior to cultivation of a susceptible crop. 相似文献
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为明确二甲基二硫(dimethyl disulfide, DMDS)与氯化苦(chloropicrin, CP)联合熏蒸对江西黏重土壤条件下山药土传病害的防控效果及生物安全性,选择土质黏重的连作红壤旱地进行熏蒸试验。结果表明,DMDS和CP联合熏蒸对枯萎病和立枯病的防效为90.56%,对根系生长旺盛期吸收根根结线虫病的防效为99.61%,对收获期块茎根结线虫、根腐线虫病的防效为88.70%。解除胁迫后20～120 d,熏蒸处理山药根际土壤微生物总量与空白对照(CK)差异不显著,但真菌/细菌、真菌/放线菌比值显著低于CK(P<0.05),芽胞杆菌数量显著高于CK(P<0.05)。熏蒸处理山药出苗率与CK没有显著差异;山药齐苗期蔓基直径和藤蔓鲜重分别为3.40 mm和76.08 g,甩蔓盛期叶片叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)为52.56,均显著高于CK(P<0.05);收获期商品薯产量为21 292.86 kg/hm2,显著高于CK。综上,DMDS和CP联合熏蒸对江西黏重土壤条件下山药土传病害均具有良好的防病效果,对山药和土壤微生物安全,增产效果显著。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Soil fumigation with methyl bromide plus chloropicrin is used as a preplant treatment to control a broad range of pathogens in high-value annual crop production systems. In California, fumigation is used on approximately 10,125 ha of strawberry production to control pathogens ranging from Verticillium dahliae to root pruning pathogens such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia, or Cylindrocarpon spp. In addition to pathogen control, fumigation also causes an enhanced growth response of the plant and reduces weed pressure. The development of successful, long-term cost effective biocontrol strategies most likely will require the development of an integrated systems approach that incorporates diverse aspects of the crop production system. Although application of single microbial inoculants may provide some level of control for specific production problems, it will be a challenge to provide the broad spectrum of activity needed in production fields. 相似文献
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N. Ioannou 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(3):248-256
Preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide (MB) is presently standard practice in greenhouse tomato production. Since this
compound is scheduled to be phased out by 2005, the possibility of using solarization as an alternative soil disinfestation
method was examined in four greenhouse tomato trials. Solarization was applied for 8 weeks in July-August, using transparent
polyethylene sheets for soil mulching, and compared with MB fumigation applied in September, before planting, at 80 g/m2. Solarization raised the maximum soil temperature by 9°C and reduced the population density ofFusarium spp. in soil by 91–98%. Similar reductions of soil inoculum (95–99%) were obtained with MB fumigation. Both methods provided
effective control of Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt and corky root rot on tomato plants. MB fumigation was in addition highly
effective against root-knot nematodes, whereas nematode control with solarization did not exceed 50%. Both treatments resulted
in similar fruit yield increases, ranging within 90–140% compared with plants grown in untreated soil. During the second cropping
season following soil treatment, solarization exhibited two times higher residual effectiveness against vascular wilt diseases
compared with MB fumigation. The latter treatment, however, was superior to solarization in its residual effectiveness against
root-knot nematodes and to a lesser extent against corky root rot. Fruit yields from solarized and MB-fumigated soil during
the second cropping season were higher than those obtained from untreated soil by approximately 35% and 60%, respectively.
In Cyprus, solarization appears to be an effective alternative to MB fumigation in greenhouse tomato production, especially
if integrated with other approaches enabling more effective nematode control. 相似文献
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在室内测定了樟树(Cinnamomum camphora L.)天然产物莰酮-[2](Cam-phor C10H16O)的杀虫活性和作用方式，并进行了田间试验。结果表明，莰酮对天牛成虫有较强的驱避、熏蒸和触杀作用。每点投放2％莰酮DP1-2g，药后24h对天牛驱避效果为55．00％-85．00％，药后72h达到94．12％-100．00％；熏蒸致死中浓度为8．20mg/L，触杀致死中浓度为15．25mg／L。经回归和相关分析，处理浓度与作用效果相关性均达到极显著水平。每洞穴喷2％莰酮DP0．1-0．2g，对天牛幼虫防治效果达85．80％-100％；每袋装2％莰酮DP1．5-2．5g，药后7-15天对天牛成虫驱避效果为80．95％-100％。药后30-60天为68．29％-86．36％，田间防治效果显著。 相似文献
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本文在25℃条件下,利用磷化氢熏蒸南洋臀纹粉蚧以及越南进口红心、白心火龙果4 h,研究了磷化氢熏蒸处理对南洋臀纹粉蚧的杀灭效果以及对火龙果采后储藏品质的影响。耐受性比较试验结果表明,不同发育阶段的南洋臀纹粉蚧对磷化氢的耐受性为雌成虫>3龄若虫=2龄若虫>1龄若虫。毒力分析试验表明,使用1.70 mg/L磷化氢熏蒸雌成虫4 h可在95%置信区间下达到99.996 8%的死亡率。品质试验结果表明,使用0.55～2.21 mg/L磷化氢熏蒸处理对两种火龙果冷藏和货架期间的色泽、硬度、可溶性糖、酸度均无显著影响,但在熏蒸后短期内会提高呼吸强度,随着储存时间延长,呼吸强度恢复正常。这些结果显示,磷化氢熏蒸用于进口火龙果携带南洋臀纹粉蚧的检疫处理可达到理想效果,在25℃使用1.66～2.21 mg/L磷化氢熏蒸4 h可作为口岸检疫熏蒸的技术指标。 相似文献
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Gordon Swaine Robert J. Corcoran Anne E. Cranny Marguerite A. Davey 《Pest management science》1978,9(1):22-26
Meyer lemons are susceptible to skin damage by EDB vapour. The damage can be caused by excessive vapour concentration during fumigation. Residual fumigant desorbed from fibreboard cartons containing the fruit is also of major importance in relation to damage where post-fumigation ventilation is restricted. The damage was minimised by a period of 4 h ventilation in the chamber after fumigation using the standard treatment of 18 g EDB/m3 for 2 h at 21°C. 相似文献
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低剂量棉隆熏蒸联合生物菌肥防治黄瓜根结线虫病的应用效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确土壤熏蒸联合生物菌肥对根结线虫及土壤微生态的影响,采用低剂量棉隆熏蒸处理后沟施YB-04菌肥的方法在日光大棚进行黄瓜根结线虫病的防治试验。结果显示,棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施处理土壤中的根结线虫数和黄瓜植株根系的根结指数均比单独使用棉隆或YB-04菌肥的处理及对照显著降低,黄瓜移栽后90 d时线虫减退率为89.1%,根结指数为0.5,防治效果达87.8%。棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施处理也具有显著的促生作用,黄瓜的产量、株高、鲜重以及有效叶数均比对照显著提高了46.4%、18.8%、63.0%和17.7%。另外,棉隆单独熏蒸处理土壤中的细菌和真菌数量、细菌/真菌比值及土壤酶活性均较对照显著降低,而棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施处理土壤中的细菌数量、细菌/真菌比值及土壤酶活性均较棉隆单独熏蒸处理显著增加,其中,细菌数量及细菌/真菌比值分别达28.4×106CFU/g和201.2,蔗糖酶活性达86.0 mg·g~(-1)·24 h~(-1)。表明低剂量棉隆熏蒸联合YB-04菌肥沟施可以安全高效地防治黄瓜根结线虫病。 相似文献