首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 843 毫秒
1.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of ketoconazole (KC) on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine A (CsA) elimination in cats. STUDY DESIGN: Research study and prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: Five healthy adult cats (pharmacokinetic studies) and 6 client-owned cats with chronic renal failure. METHODS: Blood CsA concentrations were measured after CsA (4 mg/kg i.v.) administration with or without concurrent oral KC (10 mg/kg). Subsequently, a combined CsA-KC immunosuppressive regimen was used in cats after kidney transplantation. Blood CsA concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. CsA elimination was analyzed using a computerized pharmacokinetics program. RESULTS: KC increased blood CsA concentrations 1.8-fold and 2.2-fold at 12 and 24 hours after CsA administration. KC significantly decreased the mean systemic CsA clearance from 2.73 mL/min/kg to 1.22 mL/min/kg resulting in an increase in the terminal phase half-life from 10.7 to 22.2 hours. The volume of distribution of steady-state of CsA was unaffected by KC. In a series of clinical feline kidney transplant patients, a once-a-day CsA-KC regimen was able to be used in most of the cats and was effective for prevention of allograft rejection in all of these cats. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: KC is an effective adjunct treatment for immunosuppression in feline kidney transplant patients. KC suppresses CsA elimination, which reduces the need for CsA and allows once daily administration of CsA.  相似文献   

2.
Limited information is available regarding the use of cyclosporin A (CsA) for the treatment of feline dermatoses. The aim of this retrospective study was therefore to describe the efficacy of CsA for the therapy of eosinophilic granuloma (EG), eosinophilic plaque, indolent ulcer, linear granulomas, idiopathic pruritus and stomatitis. A computer search for feline dermatological cases treated with CsA between 1999 and 2004 was performed. Based on history, clinical signs and laboratory diagnostic tests, it was then possible to divide cases into three groups and to select 23 cats. Seven cats had one or more of the following conditions: EG, eosinophilic plaque, indolent ulcer and/or linear granuloma (group A); eight cats had idiopathic pruritus (group B) and eight cats had plasmacytic stomatitis (group C). Doses ranged from 5.8 to 13.3 mg kg(-1) oral CsA. All cats were monitored, with complete serum blood analysis and physical examination, monthly for a minimum of 6 months. Response to therapy was scored (severity of lesions and pruritus) with a 0-10 visual analogue scale at each visit (day 0, day, 30, day 60, day 90). All cats in groups A and B were cured and were maintained on alternate day therapy. In group C, 4/8 patients went into remission, while remaining cats have a fair to good improvement. Routine haematological and biochemical examination failed to reveal abnormalities related to CsA administration.  相似文献   

3.
Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been widely used for suppression of transplant rejection and controlling pruritus in allergic dermatitis in humans, dogs and cats. CsA is known to suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in humans, dogs and experimental mice. However, little is known about the immunomodulating effect of CsA in cats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CsA on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Real-time PCR analyses with Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated PBMC obtained from 5 cats revealed that the expression of mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IFN- gamma and TNF-alpha was inhibited by CsA in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, which is capable of detecting IL-2 secreting cells as single spots, revealed that the frequency of IL-2 secreting cells in ConA-stimulated feline PBMC was significantly reduced in the presence of CsA. These results might provide an explanation for the mechanisms of action of CsA in the suppression of transplant rejection and the control of pruritus in cats.  相似文献   

4.
The current available formulations of itraconazole are not ideal for dosing in cats. The capsular preparation often does not allow for accurate dosing, the oral solution is difficult to administer and poorly tolerated, and the bioavailability of compounded formulations has been shown to be poor in other species. The aim of this study was to evaluate every other day dosing of 100 mg itraconazole capsule in healthy adult cats. Ten healthy adult cats received a 100 mg capsule of itraconazole orally every 48 h for 8 weeks. Peak and trough serum concentrations of itraconazole were measured weekly using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), and chemistry profiles were performed weekly. The dosage regimen achieved average therapeutic trough concentrations (>0.5 μg/mL) within 3 weeks. The protocol yielded no adverse effects in 8 of the 10 study cats, with affected cats recovering fully with discontinuation of the drug and supportive care. At 8 weeks, an average peak concentration of 1.79 ± 0.952 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.996–2.588) and an average trough concentration of 0.761 ± 0.540 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.314–1.216) were achieved. Overall, a 100 mg every other day oral dosage regimen for itraconazole in cats yielded serum concentrations with minimal fluctuation and with careful monitoring may be considered for treatment of cats with systemic fungal disease.  相似文献   

5.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cyclosporine A (CsA) and prednisolone in feline atopic dermatitis (AD) in a randomised, controlled double blind study. Twenty-nine cats with feline AD were randomly allocated to two groups. Eleven cats were treated orally with prednisolone (1mg/kg SID) and 18 were treated with CsA (5mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. At day 0 (D0) and D28, skin lesions were graded by means of the canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI). Skin biopsies and intradermal allergy tests were performed at D0 and blood samples for haematology and serum biochemistry were collected at D0 and D28. During the trial the cat owners were asked to evaluate the intensity of the pruritus once weekly on a linear analog scale and to record side effects. Based on the CADESI there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of remission (P=0.0562) or in the number of cats that improved by >25% (P=0.0571). The effect of CsA and prednisolone on pruritus as evaluated by the owners was not significantly different (P=0.41) between the two groups. No serious side effects were observed. The conclusion was that CsA is an effective alternative to prednisolone therapy in cats with presumed atopic dermatitis.  相似文献   

6.
On five separate occasions, five adult cats were dosed orally with 100 mg chloramphenicol tablets or chloramphenicol palmitate suspension. Each preparation was given once when the cats were fasted and once when fed ad lib. In addition, fasted cats were given the tablet preparation on one occasion with 10 ml water orally immediately afterwards. Chloramphenicol concentrations were determined at intervals after dosing, and all urine passed in 24 h after dosing was collected for chloramphenicol assay. The initial plasma antibiotic concentrations were lower with chloramphenicol palmitate suspension than with chloramphenicol tablets, and the bioavailability of chloramphenicol from the palmitate ester was especially poor in starved cats. Chloramphenicol palmitate may thus be undesirable for antimicrobial therapy in inappetent cats. Food and fluid did not appear to influence the availability of chloramphenicol from the tablet preparation, although effects on plasma drug concentrations within 1.5 h of dosing would have been missed in this study. A relatively large proportion of an oral dose of chloramphenicol is excreted unchanged in feline urine. Because of the potential toxicity of the drug, chloramphenicol dose rates should be restricted in cats with renal insufficiency or another antibiotic used.  相似文献   

7.
Fluconazole (Fcz) is successfully used in human organ transplant patients as an antifungal therapy. However, Fcz can increase the cyclosporine (CsA) trough level and lead to CsA nephrotoxicity. In canine renal transplantation, CsA has been used as a major immunosuppressant, and it is important to control its trough level. However, the interaction of Fcz with CsA has not yet been reported in dogs. In this study, the effect of Fcz treatment on the pharmacokinetics of CsA in four healthy beagles was investigated using a four-period crossover design. The treatments included CsA alone (A), CsA + multiple-dose Fcz 50 mg (B), CsA + multiple-dose Fcz 25 mg (C) and CsA + single-dose Fcz 50 mg (D). Blood CsA concentrations were measured at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hr after CsA administration. The AUC(0-12) and C(max) values for treatment B were significantly higher than those for the other treatments. In particular, the AUC(0-12) of treatment B was about two times higher than that of treatment A. Fcz administration did not significantly prolong the half-life or mean residence time of CsA. The results of our study show that administration of multiple therapeutic doses of Fcz can significantly increase the CsA blood concentration, which might partially depend upon the Fcz blood concentration. When Fcz is used in CsA-based canine renal transplantation, it may be necessary to adjust the CsA trough level by decreasing the dose.  相似文献   

8.
Background: Methimazole suppresses thyroid hormone synthesis and is commonly used to treat feline hyperthyroidism. The degree of variation in thyroid hormone concentrations 24 hours after administration of methimazole and optimal time for blood sampling to monitor therapeutic efficacy have not been determined.
Objective: To assess thyroid hormone concentration variation in serum of normal and hyperthyroid cats after administration of methimazole.
Animals: Four healthy cats and 889 retrospectively acquired feline thyroid hormone profiles.
Methods: Crossover and retrospective studies . In the crossover study, healthy cats were treated with increasing doses of oral methimazole until steady state of thyroid suppression was achieved. Thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were serially and randomly monitored after methimazole. Paired t -tests and a 3-factor analysis of variance were used to determine differences between thyroid hormone concentrations in treated and untreated cats in the crossover study. Thyroid profiles from methimazole-treated hyperthyroid cats were retrieved from the Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health database and reviewed. Linear regression analysis evaluated relationships of dosage (mg/kg), dosing interval (q24h versus q12h), and time after methimazole to all thyroid hormone concentrations.
Results: All serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were significantly suppressed and TSH was significantly increased for 24 hours after administration of oral methimazole in healthy cats ( P < .005). In hyperthyroid cats, there were no significant relationships between thyroid hormone concentrations and time postpill or dosing interval.
Conclusions: Timing of blood sampling after oral methimazole administration does not appear to be a significant factor when assessing response to methimazole treatment.  相似文献   

9.
Ciclosporin A (CsA) has potent immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory activity that has been exploited in human medicine to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs and to manage atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Over the past decade, CsA has been employed more frequently in veterinary dermatology and its value in the management of several canine and feline dermatoses is now well established. CsA inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, suppressing T cell activation and the synthesis of T cell cytokines consequently impairing the activity of B cells, antigen-presenting cells, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. The pharmacokinetics of CsA are similar in humans, dogs and cats and the drug has a wide safety margin in dogs, cats and rabbits. Adverse effects, principally transient vomiting and soft faeces/diarrhoea, may be seen shortly after instituting treatment but often resolve despite continuing treatment. Gingival hyperplasia and cutaneous effects such as hirsutism may occur after prolonged treatment.  相似文献   

10.
Ronidazole (RDZ) is an effective treatment for feline Tritrichomonas foetus infection, but has produced neurotoxicity in some cats. An understanding of the disposition of RDZ in cats is needed in order to make precise dosing recommendations. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) RDZ and immediate-release RDZ capsules were evaluated. A single dose of IV RDZ (mean 9.2mg/kg) and a 95mg immediate-release RDZ capsule (mean 28.2mg/kg) were administered to six healthy cats in a randomized crossover design. Plasma samples were collected for 48 h and assayed for RDZ using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Systemic absorption of oral RDZ was rapid and complete, with detection in the plasma of all cats by 10 min after dosing and a bioavailability of 99.64 (±16.54)%. The clearance of RDZ following IV administration was 0.82 (±0.07) ml/kg/min. The terminal half-life was 9.80 (±0.35) and 10.50 (±0.82) h after IV and oral administration, respectively, with drug detectable in all cats 48h after both administrations. The high oral bioavailability of RDZ and slow elimination may predispose cats to neurotoxicity with twice-daily administration. Less frequent administration should be considered for further study of effective treatment of T foetus-infected cats.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To determine scintigraphic, sonographic, and histologic changes associated with renal autotransplantation in cats. ANIMALS: 7 adult specific-pathogen-free cats: 5 males, 2 females, 1 to 9 years old. PROCEDURE: Renal autotransplantation was performed by moving a kidney (5 left, 2 right) to the left iliac fossa. Before and at multiple times after surgery, for a total of 28 days, cats were evaluated by B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography, scintigraphy, and renal biopsy. RESULTS: By 24 hours after surgery, a significant decrease (42%) in mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and an increase in mean renal size (81% increase in cross-sectional area) were evident in the transplanted kidney, compared with preoperative values. By postsurgery day 28, reduction in GFR was 23%. Significant changes in renal blood flow velocity were identified in both kidneys. Consistent changes in resistive index or pulsatility index for either kidney could not be identified. When all postoperative histologic data were combined, the histologic score, indicating degree and numbers of abnormalities detected, for the transplanted kidney was significantly higher than that for the control kidney. CONCLUSIONS: Significant changes in renal function, size, and histologic abnormalities develop secondary to acute tubular necrosis in cats after uncomplicated renal autotransplantation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evaluation of renal size and function may be of benefit for clinical evaluation of feline renal transplant patients, whereas measurement of the resistive index may be of little clinical value.  相似文献   

12.
Cyclosporine was proven efficacious in the treatment of feline hypersensitivity dermatitis. This target animal study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ATOPICA for Cats® (cyclosporine oral solution, USP) MODIFIED following 6‐month daily dosing in cats. Forty healthy cats (four cats/sex/group) received 0, 8 (1×), 16 (2×), 24 (3×), or 40 (5×) mg/kg cyclosporine once daily for 6 months (183 days). Body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopic, physical examinations including neurological assessments, blood pressure, electrocardiography, clinical pathology (hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry, urinalysis), organ weights, and macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed and assessed. In addition, blood concentrations of cyclosporine were measured at the pretreatment trough on Days 1, 2, 7, 14, 31, 91, 154, and 182, and post‐treatment on Days 1, 31, and 182. Adverse effects possibly related to treatment included prolonged APTT and one report each of bone marrow hypocellularity and lymphoma; all occurred in cats treated with doses more than 16 mg/kg. There was no significant accumulation of cyclosporine beyond the first week of treatment. Results confirm that ATOPICA for Cats is safe and well tolerated in cats without unexpected accumulation beyond the first week of treatment when administered as directed.  相似文献   

13.
  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT: The feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a member of the feline coronavirus family that causes FIP, which is incurable and fatal in cats. Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressive agent that targets the nuclear factor pathway of activated T-cells (NF-AT) to bind cellular cyclophilins (CyP), dose-dependently inhibited FIPV replication in vitro. FK506 (an immunosuppressor of the pathway that binds cellular FK506-binding protein (FKBP) but not CyP) did not affect FIPV replication. Neither cell growth nor viability changed in the presence of either CsA or FK506, and these factors did not affect the NF-AT pathway in fcwf-4 cells. Therefore, CsA does not seem to exert inhibitory effects via the NF-AT pathway. In conclusion, CsA inhibited FIPV replication in vitro and further studies are needed to verify the practical value of CsA as an anti-FIPV treatment in vivo.  相似文献   

15.
This study was designed to test the effect of antioxidant supplementation on feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-infected felines. Six acutely FIV-infected cats (> or =16 weeks post-inoculation) were given a propriety oral superoxide dismutase (SOD) supplement (Oxstrin; Nutramax Laboratories) for 30 days. Following supplementation, the erythrocyte SOD enzyme concentration was significantly greater in the supplemented FIV-infected group than the uninfected control group or the unsupplemented FIV-infected group. The CD4+ to CD8+ ratio increased significantly (0.66-0.88) in the SOD supplemented FIV-infected cats but not in the unsupplemented FIV-infected cats. Proviral load and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in leukocyte cell types did not change significantly following supplementation. Antioxidant supplementation resulted in an increase in SOD levels, confirming the oral bioavailability of the compound in FIV-infected cats. This result warrants further investigation with trials of antioxidant therapy in FIV-infected cats that are showing clinical manifestations of their disease, as well as in other feline patients where oxidative stress likely contributes to disease pathogenesis, such as diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure.  相似文献   

16.
Contrast‐enhanced ultrasound offers a noninvasive means of subjectively and quantitatively evaluating renal perfusion in cats with renal disease, or in renal transplant patients. In this study, we characterized the pattern of ultrasonographic contrast enhancement in 16 normal feline kidneys in eight cats using contrast‐enhanced power Doppler and contrast‐enhanced harmonic ultrasound techniques. Mean time to peak contrast enhancement for the whole kidney was longer using contrast‐enhanced harmonic ultrasound (16.8s, SD 4.7s) than contrast‐enhanced power Doppler ultrasound (12.2s, SD 1.8s). The time to peak enhancement for the cortex alone in contrast‐enhanced harmonic ultrasound was 13s (SD 3.2s), and for the renal medulla was 25.5s (SD 8.7s). The half time for washout of contrast agent was 39s (SD 14.5s) for contrast‐enhanced harmonic ultrasound. The pattern of contrast enhancement in these normal feline kidneys can be used as normal reference values for the evaluation of clinical patients. Contrast‐enhanced harmonic ultrasound may allow the differentiation between cortical and medullary perfusion patterns.  相似文献   

17.
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) are common and often fatal feline neoplasms. Factors that predispose to neoplasm development in cats are poorly defined. Around 25% of human OSCCs are caused by papillomaviruses (PVs). To determine if PVs are associated with OSCCs in cats, three sets of consensus primers were used to evaluate 20 feline OSCCs and 20 non-neoplastic feline oral lesions for the presence of PV DNA. Papillomaviral sequences were detected within one OSCC, but no non-neoplastic lesion. Sequencing of the amplified DNA revealed a previously unreported PV that was most similar to human PV type 76. This is the first time PV DNA has been amplified from the oral cavity of a cat. However, while these results suggest that feline gingival epithelial cells can be infected by PVs, they do not support a causal association between viral infection and the development of feline OSCCs.  相似文献   

18.
Pathogenesis of feline gastric chlamydial infection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Studies were conducted to determine whether the gastric chlamydiae that have been observed recently in cats are of pathologic significance. Chlamydiae were isolated in mouse L cell cultures from the homogenized pooled gastric mucosa of 3 cats that had been identified, by histopathologic examination, to have gastric chlamydiosis. Ten specific-pathogen-free kittens were exposed by aerosol and oral inoculation to the harvested feline gastric chlamydiae cell-culture media. In general, the clinical signs and lesions were conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mild gastritis. The clinical signs and lesions were most severe in 2 chlamydia-infected kittens that had received methylprednisolone acetate (50 mg/kg of body weight). Chlamydiae were demonstrated in epithelial cells of conjunctival and nasal smears in 10 of 10 infected kittens from postexposure days 7 through 35. In addition, chlamydiae were isolated in L cell cultures from a variety of antemortem and postmortem specimens from infected kittens. The present study provided evidence that feline gastric chlamydiae, under appropriate conditions, were capable of inducing, in cats, clinical signs and lesions similar to those induced by the feline pneumonitis agent.  相似文献   

19.
A cat was diagnosed with an oral mast cell tumor following incisional biopsy. The location of the tumor, possible metastasis, financial restraint and patient disposition severely limited therapeutic options. The patient was treated with six doses of 1-(2-chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosurea (CCNU) and methylprednisolone acetate. Complete remission was obtained after the third dosing regimen. This is the first documented case of feline oral mast cell tumor and one of a small group of cats with various cancers to be responsive to CCNU treatment.  相似文献   

20.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of feline polycstic kidney disease in Persian cats presented to the University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinic and Hospital between February and August 1999. DESIGN: A prospective clinical study using client owned animals was performed. PROCEDURE: Two hundred and fifty Persian cats, ranging in age from 13 weeks to 10 years, were presented to the University of Melbourne Veterinary Clinic and Hospital for ultrasound examination of both kidneys. The cats were placed in dorsal and lateral recumbency and alcohol and ultrasonic coupling gel were applied to the skin. The kidneys were examined ultrasonographically in longitudinal, sagittal and transverse planes. Results were recorded for each cat at the time of examination as either negative or positive for PKD. In addition 14 Exotics (short-haired Persians), 4 Ragdolls and 3 British Short-Hair cats were examined. RESULTS: Forty five percent of Persian cats examined were found to be positive for feline polycystic kidney disease on the basis of presence of anechoic cysts within the renal parenchyma. These cats ranged in age from 13 weeks to 10 years. Fifty per cent of the Exotic cats were positive for polycystic kidney disease whereas all Ragdolls and British Short Hairs were negative for the disease. Only one positive cat was reported to be showing clinical signs of renal disease. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of feline polycstic disease in Persian cats presented to the University of Melbourne between February and August 1999 was 45%. Exotic cats were found to have the slightly higher incidence of 50%.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号