共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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因具有长日照条件下雄性不育以及短日条件下可育的特性,光敏核不育水稻在两系杂交稻育种中发挥了重大作用,然而接受光周期信号决定育性转换的水稻叶片和部位尚不清楚。本研究通过在自然长日照条件下,对光敏不育水稻农垦58S(NK58S)的不同叶片和部位套袋遮光作短日处理,探讨对育性转换的敏感部位。结果表明,在育性转换敏感期,NK58S最上两个叶片接受的光照长度决定其花粉育性,其中尤以心叶对育性的贡献最大,将倒二叶及叶鞘和心叶同时遮光可增加NK58S育性恢复的稳定性。对叶片的不同部位遮光有效应差异,对叶片的上半部分遮光不能使育性转换,反之对下半部分遮光能使育性转换。另外可观察到遮光短日处理育性恢复的植株,其抽穗期比育性未恢复及整株长日处理者提前约10d。表明水稻开花的光周期和雄性育性的光周期反应有一定的关联。 相似文献
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再议水稻光周期敏感雄性核不育性的鉴别方法薛光行中国农业科学院作物育种栽培研究所北京100081我国光周期敏感雄性核不育(简称光敏核不育)水稻的研究证明,光敏核不育性的育性转换主要受光周期条件制约,也受环境温度、光温互作及背景基因型与环境互作等的影响…… 相似文献
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感光性不同的4个光敏感雄性不育粳稻经受14小时光周期下的31/27℃、31/22℃、31/17℃、27/22℃和27/17℃ 5种光期温度/暗期温度组合处理。考察其花粉育性的结果表明:1,在试验设计的光、温条件下,参试的不育品系都表现高度的光敏感雄性不育。但是,不同温度处理引起了败育水平的显著变化。2,光期温度下降4℃、暗期温度相同时,花 相似文献
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粗厚山羊草细胞质普通小麦雄性育性光温反应的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对粗厚山羊(Ae.crassa)细胞质普通小麦异质系进行2a人工控光试验及分期播种试验.结果表明,粗厚山羊草细胞质普通小麦异质系具有光敏雄性不育特性,温度对育性亦有一定效应;不同异质系的光周期敏感性与核供体品种的光周期敏感性相关;六倍体的粗厚山羊草细胞质异质系与四倍体异质系育性的光周期反应有差异,前者对光周期较为敏感由于异质系育性的光周期反应是核质素作的结果,同时又受到了温度的影响,因此,有可能选育适应不同生态条件的光温敏不育材料. 相似文献
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光敏核不育水稻温敏性5种表现型的识别 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述并评述了文献涉及的５种不同的温敏性表现型,指出：（１）温度变化影响育性的表达是最基本的一种表现型。不过,它是核不育性、光敏性和温敏性等多种遗传因子共有的表现型;（２）光温互作效应包括温度变化对不育临界日长值的影响,光周期条件变化对温度效应指数或“不育起点温度”的影响以及光周期效应和温度效应的协同互作或拮抗式互作等,是温敏性和光敏性共有的表现型;（３）在光周期条件被确定的条件下,有“不育起点温度 相似文献
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不同温敏型两系杂交稻F1育性温光效应的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采用盆栽方式,通过人为疏枝减库平衡库源关系,研究短日低温、高温,长日低温、高温条件下不同温敏型两系杂交稻F1育性(受精率)的变化。结果表明：1,低温敏型F1育性稳定,不论长日或短日都对温度变化表现钝感。高温敏型及反向温敏型F1育性对温度的反应与其母本基本一致;2,温度高低不是影响不同温敏型F1育性变化的唯一因子 相似文献
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水稻光敏感雄性不育临界日长及其对环境因子反应的初步研究 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12
水稻光敏感雄性不育的临界日长包括:可诱导显著雄性败育的最小的日照时数(简称“诱导临界日长”)和导致雄性近似于完全败育的日长(简称“败育临界日长”)。“诱导”与“败育”两个临界日长值间有约1小时的间隔。而且它们随栽培环境中除日长外的其它因子的波动而变化。经对在4种不同环境下测得的败育度—日照时数变异的统计分 相似文献
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不同小麦雄性不育类型光合、生理参数日变化的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
利用2套同核异质的K、T、V、CHA型不育系及其保持系，对其不同生育时期净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用率（WUE）、光量子通量密度（PFD）和细胞间隙CO2浓度（Ci）、气孔限制值（Ls）等光合、生理参数的日变化及其差异进行比较研究，探讨不同小麦雄性不育类型的胞质效应。结果表明，供试材料净光合速率的日变化均呈双峰曲线，有明显的光合“午休”现象，Pn与Gs、Ci的相关系数分别为0.8187、0.8136，呈显著正相关（r0.05=0.8110），与Ls的相关系数为－0.8496，呈显著负相关（r0.05=0.8110），Pn的午间下降伴随着Gs、Ci的下降和Ls的升高，表明其主要受气孔因素限制；与保持系的Pn值相比，CHA型和K、T、V型不育系分别降低0.88、2.76、3.30和2.04 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1，产生不同程度的负效应，尤以T型和K型最明显。在水分利用率上，K、T、V型不育系较保持系降低0.94~1.54 μmol CO2 mmol-1 H2O，负效应显著；CHA型不育系较保持系低0.36 μmol CO2 mmol-1 H2O，差异不显著，说明CHA对旗叶水分利用率无明显的不良影响。Pn值因母本基因型的不同而异，冀5418及相应不育系的Pn值较太911289的高，差异达显著或极显著水平。因此，选择优势效应大的保持系回交，有利于降低不育胞质对小麦光合功能的负效应。 相似文献
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温度对水稻光敏、温敏核不育基因表达影响的研究 总被引：36，自引：1，他引：36
在温度和光照自动控制的生物人工气候箱内研究了温度对安农S-1等6个温敏（Thermo-sensitive)不育材料和农垦58S等4个光敏(Photo-sensitive)不育基因表达的影响。结果表明：温敏不育材料在高温（昼温31℃，夜温28℃）条件下为不育，在低温（昼温24℃，夜温22℃）条件下为可育。它们对温度敏感的时期在花粉母细胞形成期至单核花 相似文献
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Factors responsible for levels of male sterility in photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterile (PCMS) wheat lines 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Koji Murai 《Euphytica》2001,117(2):111-116
A `two-line system' using photoperiod-sensitivecytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm has been proposed as a newmeans of producing hybrid wheat. The PCMS line ismaintained by self-pollination under short-dayconditions (14.5 h light period), and F1 seedscan be produced by outcrossing of the PCMS line witha pollinator under long-day conditions (15 h lightperiod). As the levels of male sterility in PCMSlines under the long-day conditions is a crucialfactor in determining hybrid purity of the F1seeds, a study was conducted into the effect ofseeding rate on male sterility in PCMS lines. Threedifferent density levels were tested using analloplasmic line of Japanese wheat cultivar `Norin 26'which exhibits PCMS. Levels of male sterility of thePCMS line increased at sparse planting, because tiller(ear) number per plant increased at low seedingdensity and late-appearing ears tended to exhibithigher levels of male sterility than early-appearingears. On the other hand, male sterility levels of thePCMS lines depended on genotype, e.g., the PCMS`Fujimikomugi' was completely male sterile, whereasthe PCMS `Norin 26' showed partial male sterility. APCMS line showing complete male sterility, such as thePCMS `Fujimikomugi', should produce F1 seeds withhigh purity. However, the PCMS `Fujimikomugi' showeda lower female fertility. For practical use, it isnecessary to produce PCMS lines having high malesterility with high female fertility under long-dayconditions. 相似文献
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Z. X. Fan W. X. Lei D. F. Hong J. P. He L. L. Wan Z. H. Xu P. W. Liu G. S. Yang 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(3):297-301
Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F2 , BC1 as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed. 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫对蒙古柳无性系生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以蒙古柳(Salix linearistioularis)扦插苗为研究材料,研究了中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na2CO3)胁迫下蒙古柳雌、雄株扦插苗的生理特性。结果表明:低浓度盐碱胁迫对蒙古柳雌、雄株扦插苗的生理特性具有促进作用,随着Na+浓度的增加,蒙古柳雌、雄株扦插苗各项生理指标均有不同程度的变化,丙二醛(MDA)含量先降低后升高,脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈增加趋势,叶绿素质量分数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势;当NaCl浓度增加到150 mmol/L、Na2CO3浓度增加到90 mmol/L,净光合速率开始急剧下降;在低浓度盐碱胁迫下,蒙古柳雌、雄株扦插苗叶片超微结构与对照相比无明显变化;在高浓度盐碱胁迫下,雌、雄株叶片超微结构部分失去完整结构。综合各项指标,在低浓度盐碱胁迫下,蒙古柳雌、雄株扦插苗均有耐盐碱特性,并且雌株略强于雄株。本研究为后续开发利用蒙古柳资源提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Koji Murai Ichiro Tsutui Yuki Kawanishi Shojiro Ikeguchi Mikiko Yanaka Naoyuki Ishikawa 《Euphytica》2008,159(3):315-323
A “two-line system” using photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS) caused by Aegilops crassa cytoplasm under long-day photoperiods (≧15 h) has been proposed as a means of producing hybrid varieties in common wheat
(Triticum aestivum). The PCMS line is maintained by self-pollination under short-day conditions, and hybrid seeds can be produced through outcrossing
of the PCMS line with a pollinator line under long-day conditions. Our previous studies revealed that PCMS lines showing complete
male sterility under long-day conditions are necessary for practical hybrid wheat breeding, especially to obtain high hybrid
purity in F1 seeds. Furthermore, practical PCMS lines should have high seed fertility under short-day conditions, which is associated
with female fertility. Wheat cv. Norin 26 with Ae. crassa cytoplasm exhibits high seed fertility under short-day conditions, and cv. Fujimikomugi with Ae. crassa cytoplasm shows high male sterility under long-day conditions. Here we developed practical PCMS lines derived from the F1 generation of Norin 26 and Fujimikomugi (with Ae. crassa cytoplasm) that were then backcrossed to elite wheat lines. 相似文献
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为了研究大白菜中是否存在花粉直感效应,以14S116为母本,14S443、14S375、14S120、14S502、14S393、14S536为父本,配置杂交种;以14S193为母本,14S443、14S125、14S116、14S375、14S531为父本,配置杂交种;以92S24A为母本,8407、72M、Da T511、Da164-2-1、14S126、14S375、山东4号、芥菜、Da秦3为父本,配置杂交组合。测定杂交当代角果的果荚长、果荚宽、果喙长、种子形状、单荚种子数以及千粒质量,获得中亲优势、杂种优势和父本效应。另外,JY3与JY4、JY5与JY6、JY19与JY20、Bre与夏胜、92S24与夏胜、14S375与14S116进行互交,测定千粒质量,得到中亲优势、杂种优势和父本效应,并观测了部分组合的种子形状和种皮颜色。结果表明:花粉在杂交当代直接影响组合千粒质量、荚果的果荚长、果荚宽、果喙长、种子形状及单荚种子数,也表现出杂种优势和超亲优势。 相似文献
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一个与小麦雄性不育育性转换相关的MADS-box转录因子基因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了揭示YS型小麦温敏雄性不育育性转换的基础, 构建了该类型不育系A3017的不育和可育幼穗正、反杂交的两个SSH-cDNA文库。经文库比较, 在不育文库中筛选出一个与MADS-box基因同源的EST序列(GenBank登录号: 36925702)。以该EST序列的同源性比对和拼接结果为依据, 设计引物对该基因在可育和不育幼穗中的表达进行了RT-PCR分析, 结果表明, 该基因在不育幼穗中表达量较高, 可育幼穗中表达量很低。对不育幼穗中扩增出的cDNA片段进行克隆测序, 获得了666 bp的cDNA序列。序列分析表明, 该片段编码160个氨基酸, 具有MADS-box转录因子的典型结构域K-box, 被定名为TaMS-MADSbox, 与一个小麦MADS box转录因子基因WAG的氨基酸序列的相似性为94%。进一步以3种不同类型的小麦雄性不育系和保持系的幼穗cDNA为材料, 利用半定量RT-PCR对该基因的表达模式分析发现也存在类似差异, 该基因在不育系幼穗中表达量较高, 而保持系幼穗中表达量较低。以上分析表明, 该MADS-box转录因子基因的表达与小麦雄性不育系的育性转化相关, 表达量高时表现雄性不育, 表达量低时表现雄性可育。 相似文献
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An EMS-induced wheat mutant restoring fertility against photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Triticum aestivum cv. 'Norin 26' with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm shows photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS). This alloplasmic line is almost completely male-sterile under long-day conditions (≥ 15h), but highly male-fertile under short-day conditions (≤ 14.5h). To obtain male—fertile mutants against PCMS, seeds of the alloplasmic line were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The M3 generation was evaluated for PCMS expression, and one fertility-restoring (FR-mutant) line showing high male fertility under the long-day conditions was selected. Reciprocal F, hybrids between the FR-mutant and the alloplasmic 'Norin 26' showed male sterility under the long-day conditions, and continuous segregation with respect to the degree of fertility restoration occurred in their F2 generations. These results indicate that multiple recessive mutations with minor effects, induced in the nuclear genome, are involved in the fertility restoration. In fact, no restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA between the FR-mutant and the alloplasmic 'Norin 26' are found. 相似文献