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1.
Role of strawberry volatile organic compounds in the development of Botrytis cinerea infection 
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下载免费PDF全文 F. Neri L. Cappellin A. Spadoni I. Cameldi A. Algarra Alarcon E. Aprea A. Romano F. Gasperi F. Biasioli 《Plant pathology》2015,64(3):709-717
Botrytis cinerea, the main pathogen of strawberry, has the ability to remain quiescent in unripe tissue and develop disease symptoms in ripe fruit. As strawberry ripening is characterized by an increase of aroma compounds, the role of volatile emission in the development of infection was investigated. Thirty‐five strawberry volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were tested on B. cinerea in vitro and volatile emission was analysed in strawberry harvested at four ripening stages by headspace solid‐phase microextraction/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and proton transfer reaction–time of flight–mass spectrometry. The coupling of such data sets made it possible to conclude that key strawberry aroma compounds stimulate B. cinerea conidial germination and some typical wound‐volatiles stimulate pathogen conidial germination or mycelial growth. This study is the first report of fungal stimulation by some VOCs naturally occurring in strawberry: the esters ethyl butanoate, cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate, trans‐2‐hexenyl acetate, methyl butanoate and hexyl butanoate, the furanones furaneol and mesifurane, and the alcohol trans‐2‐hexenol. The results of this work provide advances in understanding the functional role of fruit VOCs and suggest, for the first time, that fruit VOCs may influence the development of B. cinerea from the latent phase and that they could favour the invasive growth of B. cinerea after wounding. In particular, ethyl butanoate and furaneol could signal strawberry ripening, and the green leaf volatiles trans‐2‐hexenol, trans‐2‐hexenyl acetate and cis‐3‐hexenyl acetate could signal the presence of damaged tissues that are easier sites for penetration by B. cinerea. 相似文献
2.
本文研究了出芽短梗霉Aureobasidium pullulans菌株Yw1防治储藏期草莓果实灰霉病Botrytiscinerea的效果,并对其防病机制进行了初步探索。结果表明,菌株Ywl可以有效的控制储藏期草莓灰霉病的发生,发病率可由95．1％降至30．5％-55．6％,菌株Ywl产生的挥发性物质可以抑制灰葡萄孢菌丝生长,抑制率达到52．1％。去除菌体的上清液对灰霉菌无明显抑制活性,说明其抗菌作用机制可能是活菌的竞争作用。由此可见,菌株Ywl是1株有应用潜力的生防菌。 相似文献
3.
石榴皮萃取物对番茄灰霉病菌抑制作用及防病效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验测定了石榴皮萃取物对番茄灰霉病菌室内抑菌作用和对番茄灰霉病的温室盆栽防治作用。室内抑菌试验分别采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定对番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用,结果表明：正丁醇萃取物对病原菌菌丝的抑制活性最高,EC50为50.28 g/L;浓度为200 g/L对番茄灰霉病菌分生孢子的产生具有显著的抑制作用,抑制作用与浓度呈正相关关系。在温室盆栽试验中, 正丁醇萃取物稀释100倍的处理对番茄灰霉病的保护防治效果达到46.41%,治疗防治效果达到48.00%。 相似文献
4.
枯草芽胞杆菌NCD-2菌株对灰葡萄孢菌具有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌蛋白是其产生的抑菌物质之一。本研究为明确NCD-2菌株所产抑菌蛋白的作用方式和特性,采用牛津杯法测定抑菌蛋白的抑菌活性及其对病原菌菌丝生长的影响,采用混合培养法测定其对病原菌分生孢子萌发的影响,同时采用阴离子交换层析和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对其进行分离纯化,并利用MALDI-TOF-MS进行鉴定。结果表明,NCD-2菌株产生的粗蛋白能够显著抑制灰葡萄孢菌分生孢子的萌发和菌丝生长,并导致病原菌菌丝分枝增多、局部膨大肿胀。通过分离纯化获得具抑菌活性的蛋白组分D1-3,经鉴定该蛋白的肽指纹图谱与leucyl aminopeptidase[Bacillus subtilis](WP_041057629.1)的氨基酸序列匹配率最高,达到65%,相对分子质量为53.936 k Da,功能分析表明组分D1-3可能是一种新的抑菌蛋白。 相似文献
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6.
4种戊烷脒同系物对灰霉病的防治效果 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
采用载玻片萌发法、抑制菌丝生长速率法、组织测定法，结合田间小区试验，系统研究了戊烷脒及其同系物乙烷脒、丙烷脒、丁烷脒对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制活性和田间防治效果。结果表明，各化舍物对灰霉病均有一定的抑制活性，其中丙烷脒和丁烷脒对灰霉病的抑制活性较高，二者抑制菌丝生长的EC50分别为0．6821mg／L和2．1599mg／L，抑制孢子萌发的EC50分别为2．7510mg／L和5．7362mg／L；丙烷脒和丁烷脒对番茄灰霉病有较高的保护和治疗作用；在田问试验条件下，连续2次施药后，以120g ai／hm^2施用剂量防治豇豆灰霉病，丙烷脒和丁烷脒的防治效果分别为78．03％和54．52％，以100gai／hm^2施用剂量防治草莓灰霉病，防治效果分别为71．97％和68．96％，均优于对照药剂施佳乐（450gai／hm^2）和速克灵（468．8gai／hm^2）。丙烷脒和丁烷脒具有开发成为农用杀菌荆的潜力。 相似文献
7.
低温对葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)菌丝生长和孢子萌发以及对贮藏菊苣侵染力的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文主要研究葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)在20、10、4、2、0、-2和-4℃下菌丝生长和孢子萌发的情况,以及在同样温度下对菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)致病力的影响。尽管在PDA培养基上0℃以下低温明显地抑制菌丝生长和推迟孢子的萌发时间,但葡萄孢菌仍能在-4℃下14d后达到100%的萌发率,24周后菌落的生长直径为10 mm。用Botrytis cinerea孢子接种的菊苣在-2℃下6周以前的发病率较低,在-4℃下8周以前没有病害发生,但随着贮藏时间的延长,发病率逐渐上升,12周后腐烂率达到77%和71%,病害严重程度指数分别为37和31。菊苣贮藏在-2℃和-4℃下后期腐烂率的快速增加可能与此时菊苣产生冷害有关。 相似文献
8.
新杀菌剂对番茄灰霉病菌的室内毒力及田间防效 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
室内采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和黄瓜子叶法测定了咯菌腈、抑霉唑、福美双、吡唑醚菌酯和嘧霉胺对番茄灰霉病菌( Botrytis cinerea)的抑制作用。结果表明,菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法的测定均以咯菌腈毒力最高,EC 50分别为0.005 2 μg/mL和0.087 6 μg/mL;黄瓜子叶法测定以抑霉唑毒力最高,其EC 50为0.675 3 μg/mL。田间药效试验结果表明：50%咯菌腈可湿性粉剂90 g/ hm2对番茄灰霉病的田间防效达到90%以上,显著高于对照药剂50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂300 g/hm2和40%嘧霉胺悬浮剂 480 g/hm2的防效。 相似文献
9.
Improving biological control by combining biocontrol agents each with several mechanisms of disease suppression 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ABSTRACT Two biocontrol agents, a yeast (Pichia guilermondii) and a bacterium (Bacillus mycoides), were tested separately and together for suppression of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves and plants. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant inhibition of Botrytis cinerea conidial germination in the presence of Pichia guilermondii, whereas Bacillus mycoides caused breakage and destruction of conidia. When both biocontrol agents were applied in a mixture, conidial destruction was more severe. The modes of action of each of the biocontrol agents were elucidated and the relative quantitative contribution of each mechanism to suppression of Botrytis cinerea was estimated using multiple regression with dummy variables. The improvement in control efficacy achieved by introducing one or more mechanisms at a time was calculated. Pichia guilermondii competed with Botrytis cinerea for glucose, sucrose, adenine, histidine, and folic acid. Viability of the yeast cells played a crucial role in suppression of Botrytis cinerea and they secreted an inhibitory compound that had an acropetal effect and was not volatile. Bacillus mycoides did not compete for any of the sugars, amino acids, or vitamins examined at a level that would affect Botrytis cinerea development. Viable cells and the compounds secreted by them contributed similarly to Botrytis cinerea suppression. The bacteria secreted volatile and non-volatile inhibitory compounds and activated the defense systems of the host. The nonvolatile compounds had both acropetal and basipetal effects. Mixture of Pichia guilermondii and Bacillus mycoides resulted in additive activity compared with their separate application. The combined activity was due to the summation of biocontrol mechanisms of both agents. This work provides a theoretical explanation for our previous findings of reduced disease control variability with a mixture of Pichia guilermondii and Bacillus mycoides. 相似文献
10.
Cesar Blanco Berta los de Santos Fernando Romero 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):415-425
Atmospheric concentrations of Botrytis cinerea conidia were monitored for two seasons in a strawberry crop in Moguer (Huelva, southwestern Spain). Concentrations of conidia
were estimated using a Burkard volumetric spore sampler. A diurnal pattern of conidial release was observed. Airborne conidial
concentration was significantly and positively correlated with the average solar radiation and mean temperature, and negatively
with rainfall and relative humidity. Among the weather variables considered, solar radiation showed the most consistent results
in the regression analysis, explaining over 40% of airborne conidial concentration variability. Correlation between Botrytis
fruit rot incidence and accumulated number of conidia over seven days was significant and positive. Two regression models
containing three variables explained over 62 and 52% of the fruit rot incidence variability. A positive but non-significant
correlation was established between B. cinerea incidence in flowers and airborne conidial concentration. It was not possible to fit a consistent regression model to relate
flower infection incidence to conidial concentration or weather variables. 相似文献
11.
枯草芽孢杆菌G3菌株的抗菌物质及其特性 总被引：29，自引：3，他引：29
产几丁质酶枯草芽孢杆菌G3菌株的固体培养物在黄瓜灰霉病菌和番茄叶霉病菌抑菌试验中证实,抑菌活性物质存在于过滤上清液中,它们是从酸沉淀物中提取出的伊枯草菌素、生物表面活性素和存在于盐析粗蛋白中的几丁质酶。在叶霉孢子萌发试验中,伊枯草菌素微弱地抑制孢子萌发但强烈破坏芽管和新生菌丝;生物表面活性素和几丁质酶则强烈抑制孢子萌发并长久性地抑制芽管伸长。在PDA平板上的灰霉菌丝抑菌试验中,伊枯草菌素抑制菌丝生长,引发菌丝顶端膨大,形成泡囊,泡囊破裂后原生质外泄;几丁质酶抑制菌丝生长,引发产生不规则的菌丝团;生物表面活性素在平皿上对菌丝则不显示出抑菌活性。 相似文献
12.
Harold Moline Jo Etta Hubbard Jeffrey S. Karns Jeffrey S. Buyer Jerry D. Cohen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1999,105(1):95-101
Most potential fungal antagonists have been identified only after exhaustive non-selective screening. Bacteria antagonistic to Botrytis cinerea were selected using a simple method based on techniques developed for trace enrichment studies, where a crude cell wall preparation from B. cinerea was used as a selective substrate and bacteria were isolated based on growth on cell wall agar media. Most of the 52 bacterial isolates that were obtained from the surface of organically grown strawberry fruit and could grow on B. cinerea wall media in culture showed some ability to inhibit the growth of the fungus. Potato dextrose agar seeded with B. cinerea spores (104ml–1) were challenged with each of these bacterial isolates at concentrations of 109 and 106 colony forming units ml–1. Eleven of the 52 isolates initially recovered, subsequently demonstrated strong antagonism in vitro and were selected for additional screening tests on strawberry fruit. All 11 isolates reduced grey mold rot incidence on fruit in storage. Three of the best isolates were tested in limited field trials, and also reduced grey mold rot on fruit under field conditions. 相似文献
13.
本文研究了油菜田间常用除草剂精禾草克和乙草胺对油菜菌核病生防菌盾壳霉Conio-thyrium minitans的影响。结果表明它们对盾壳霉菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发均有显著的抑制作用,其中精禾草克对盾壳霉菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制中浓度分别为2.95mg/L和7.80mg/L;乙草胺对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制中浓度分别为137.45mg/L和120.90mg/L。精禾草克可以抑制盾壳霉寄生核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum菌核,当精禾草克的使用量达田间使用浓度时,盾壳霉不能寄生核盘菌菌核;而乙草胺对盾壳霉寄生菌核的影响较小,在田间使用浓度1250mg/L时,盾壳霉仍可寄生菌核;乙草胺和盾壳霉在田间使用浓度条件下混合使用,60d后菌核腐烂指数与单独使用盾壳霉没有显著差异,均大于75。上述结果表明在田间使用量条件下,乙草胺可以和盾壳霉生防制剂混用,而精禾草克不宜和盾壳霉混用。 相似文献
14.
Activity of the Antifungal Protein from Aspergillus giganteus Against Botrytis cinerea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ABSTRACT Botrytis blight (gray mold), caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most widely distributed diseases of ornamental plants. In geranium plants, gray mold is responsible for important losses in production. The mold Aspergillus giganteus is known to produce and secrete a basic low-molecular-weight protein, the antifungal protein (AFP). Here, the antifungal properties of the Aspergillus AFP against various B. cinerea isolates obtained from naturally infected geranium plants were investigated. AFP strongly inhibited mycelial growth as well as conidial germination of B. cinerea. Microscopic observations of fungal cultures treated with AFP revealed reduced hyphal elongation and swollen hyphal tips. Washout experiments in which B. cinerea was incubated with AFP for different periods of time and then washed away revealed a fungicidal activity of AFP. Application of AFP on geranium plants protected leaves against Botrytis infection. Cecropin A also was active against this pathogen. An additive effect against the fungus was observed when AFP was combined with cecropin A. These results are discussed in relation to the potential of the afp gene to enhance crop protection against B. cinerea diseases. 相似文献
15.
上海地区草莓灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺的敏感性检测及抗性机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确上海地区草莓灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea Pers. 对主要防治药剂啶酰菌胺的敏感性水平及抗性机制,采用平皿法检测了采自上海市6个区县的195株草莓灰霉病菌株对啶酰菌胺的敏感性,并分析了其中20株不同敏感型菌株的琥珀酸脱氢酶基因序列。结果显示:啶酰菌胺对上海地区草莓灰霉病菌菌丝生长的EC50最小值为0.15 μg/mL,最大值大于110 μg/mL;对孢子萌发的EC50最小值为0.19 μg/mL,最大值大于50 μg/mL。上海地区草莓灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺的抗性频率为29.74% (抗性水平大于10),高抗频率为20.51% (抗性水平大于100)。该抗性的产生与琥珀酸脱氢酶SdhB亚基发生H272R或P225F突变有关,其中H272R突变发生较为普遍。研究表明,上海地区草莓灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺的抗性水平及抗性频率较高,主要抗性机制为病原菌琥珀酸脱氢酶SdhB亚基上的H272R突变。 相似文献
16.
V. Flors M. C. Miralles E. Varas P. Company C. González-Bosch P. García-Agustín † 《Plant pathology》2004,53(1):58-64
FGA (furfurylamine; 1,2,3,4 tetra- O -acetyl-β- d -glucose; adipic acid monoethyl ester), a chemical mixture of three analogues of plant growth regulators that increases the protection of tomato plants against phytopathogens, was demonstrated to have direct antimicrobial activity. It reduced the growth in vitro of the filamentous fungi Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea , and the oomycetes Phytophthora capsici and Phytophthora citrophthora (ED50 0·18–0·26% w/v, depending on species). The components of this mixture were also active against these phytopathogens, but sensitivity to the compounds was different for each pathogen. Adipic acid monoethyl ester (E) showed the highest and widest range of activity. Experiments on B. cinerea and A. solani indicated that this compound prevented spore germination in addition to mycelial growth and at high concentrations (0·5% w/v), inhibiting both the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterium Escherichia coli . This ester retarded A. solani infection of tomato leaves, providing evidence for its efficacy in a biological context and its potential use in plant disease prevention. 相似文献
17.
啶菌噁唑对番茄灰霉病菌的抑菌作用研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用生物测定方法研究了啶菌噁唑对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea不同发育阶段的影响。结果表明:其对菌落扩展、芽管伸长、分生孢子产生和菌核形成均具有显著的抑制活性,其中啶菌噁唑对P-9菌株菌丝生长和芽管伸长的EC50值分别为0.193和0.154 μ g/mL,0.5 μ g/mL的啶菌噁唑对菌丝生长和芽管伸长的抑制率大于77%,对分生孢子和菌核萌发的抑制率分别低于10％和40%,表明药剂对分生孢子萌发无明显抑制作用。紫外吸收分析显示,啶菌 NFDA1 唑可破坏细胞的膜结构,促使菌体核酸和蛋白外渗。离体叶片毒力测定结果表明,120 μ g/mL的啶菌 NFDA1 唑可有效抑制番茄灰霉病病斑扩展,抑制率达83.74%。 相似文献
18.
为筛选防治甘薯黑斑病的生物农药,测定了9种生物制剂对甘薯长喙壳菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用,并进行了防治效果验证。结果表明,四霉素对分生孢子萌发以及菌丝生长均表现出最强的抑制作用,EC50分别为0.10和0.15 mg/L;丁子香酚次之,EC50分别为0.24和0.93 mg/L。四霉素对薯苗黑斑病具有较好的防治效果,当接种甘薯长喙壳菌分生孢子浓度为5×104孢子/m L时,四霉素有效用量6与9 mg/L处理的防治效果分别为66.67%和78.57%;当接种浓度为5×105孢子/m L时,四霉素有效用量6与9 mg/L处理的防治效果分别为77.44%和90.23%。本研究为生物农药应用于甘薯黑斑病的防治提供了依据。 相似文献
19.
浙江省果蔬灰霉病菌对嘧菌酯的抗药性研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用菌丝生长速率法,连续监测了2010—2012年间浙江省果蔬灰霉病菌对QoI类杀菌剂嘧菌酯的敏感性变化。 结果表明:病菌群体中的低敏感性亚群体的比例明显上升,EC50值>5 mg/L 菌株的比例分别为12.5%、15.8%和28.3%;在菌丝生长阶段和孢子萌发阶段,旁路氧化在灰霉病菌对嘧菌酯敏感性中的平均相对贡献值(F)分别为2.91±0.89和5.72±2.82;嘧菌酯抗药性菌株的菌丝生长速率、产孢量、产菌核数和致病力与敏感菌株相比无显著差异。抗药性分子机制研究表明,灰霉病菌中存在2种类型的cyt b基因:Ⅰ型cyt b基因在第143位密码子后紧跟内含子;Ⅱ型cyt b基因在第143位密码子后没有紧跟内含子。大多数的灰霉病菌菌株属于Ⅱ型。Ⅰ型菌株均为嘧菌酯敏感菌株,Ⅱ型菌株为嘧菌酯敏感菌株或抗性菌株。抗性菌株的cyt b 基因的第143位密码子由甘氨酸(GGC)突变为了丙氨酸(GCC),抗药性机制为G143A。 相似文献
20.
纳他霉素对灰葡萄孢不同生育阶段菌体的毒力及其生物学性状的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以多菌灵为对照药剂,采用生长速率法、悬滴法和浸渍法分别测定了不同温度下纳他霉素对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和菌核萌发的毒力,研究了常温下两种药剂对菌株产孢和菌核形成的影响。结果表明:纳他霉素及多菌灵对灰葡萄孢不同生育阶段菌体的抑制作用随温度降低而有不同程度增强;分生孢子对药剂最为敏感;温度对药剂对菌丝毒力的影响最显著;多菌灵对菌株不同发育阶段的抑制活性均高于纳他霉素。供试药剂对菌株产孢时间和菌核产生时间无显著影响,但多菌灵可显著刺激菌株产孢和菌核形成。 相似文献