共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The present technological transformation calls for a new kind of vet: he has to accomplish his own institutional tasks bearing in mind the definition of a “good practice” code and also performing educational and informative tasks in zootechny in order to ensure the animal well-being.Therefore, his contribution can be relevant in developing and interpreting laws related to the protection of animal welfare and further considerations on the ethical and deontological thought, concerning the technological use of animals.The vet's role is also fundamental in the following areas: further study of bioethical issues related to zootechny and the professional growth of whoever is engaged, in different ways, in productive activities and research on animals. 相似文献
2.
The present technological transformation calls for a new kind of vet: he has to accomplish his own institutional tasks bearing in mind the definition of a “good practice” code and also performing educational and informative tasks in zootechny in order to ensure the animal well-being.
Therefore, his contribution can be relevant in developing and interpreting laws related to the protection of animal welfare and further considerations on the ethical and deontological thought, concerning the technological use of animals.
The vet's role is also fundamental in the following areas: further study of bioethical issues related to zootechny and the professional growth of whoever is engaged, in different ways, in productive activities and research on animals.
相似文献3.
Gobin A 《Argos (Utrecht, Netherlands)》2000,(23):111-118
Educated as a veterinarian at Cureghem, Leopold Frateur started his scientific career in 1899 as a professor at the Faculty of Sciences of the Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium, in charge of the course in zootechnology. After a study tour to zootechnical institutes and centres of animal breeding in Europe he was invited by the governmental department of Agriculture and the Belgian Society of Zootechnology to investigate the relevance of the Mendelian laws of heredity for the improvement of cattle breeding. In the early years of the century, Frateur conducted field research in order to determine the characteristics of the cattle breeds in Belgium. In 1908 Frateur founded the Institute of Animal Husbandry at his university. Here he worked out his programme of experimental genetics until his retirement in 1936. The last six years of his professorship he teached also agricultural economics in the Faculty of Economical Sciences. In Frateur's experimental research the following main lines can be distinguished: 1) The analysis of simple and complex hereditary factors in cattle, rabbits and poultry; 2) The study of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of importance for the improvement of animal breeds; 3) The synthesis of genetic factors from different stock in order to obtain higher yielding breeds with stable characteristics; 4) Theoretical study of the relationship between genotype and phenotype and the influence of environment factors; 5) Theoretical exploration of the issue of variability and modification of newly formed characteristics; 6) Research leading to an explanation of telegony and atavism; 7) The formulation of a theory on the creation of new breeds in domestic animals and plants, and the relation between breed and species. Also he was responding to topical needs, e.g. he determined the causal factor of pullorum epidemic in chicken farming, or he investigated the hereditary resistance against diphteric infection amongst chickens. Frateur took the theoretical knowledge on heredity as the starting point for practical application in cattle breeding. During and right after W. W. I. he stated that the current scientific knowledge is enough advanced to consider the start of a large breeding programme for the improvement of cattle livestock. In order to realise this reinstatement Frateur received important support from the authorities (Royal Decree, August 1919). From then onwards he focussed his efforts on the realisation of a national framework for improvement of cattle livestock, in collaboration with regional centres and societies for animal selection, breeding and production. Later he also started programmes for the improvement of chicken and pig breeding, again in a joint effort with official consultants and members of breeding societies. He was not only the architect of these programmes, providing the necessary scientific and technical guidance, but he had also a chair in the governing bodies, supervising the execution and control of the breeding programmes. In order to draw a picture of the research community engaged in animal breeding during the first decennia of the 20th century Frateur's contacts through study tours, congresses and learned societies are investigated. The life and work of Frateur is described by the author in two volumes, published in 1999. The second volume consists of a reprint of 50 selected papers on animal breeding. 相似文献
4.
J Hartung 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,99(7):279-281
Apart from his direct tasks like treating diseased animals, preservation of animal health, recognition of mal-feeding and failures, recognition of unsuitable keeping systems and acknowledgement of animal welfare the veterinary practitioner can be the environmental-hygienic consultant of the farmer in following areas in particular: management and technique of feeding; management and technique of water supply; management and technique of air quality and ventilation; management and technique of manure handling and hygiene; cleaning and disinfection; deratting and pest control. The aim of these tasks is to diminish the risks/hazards for food products (food control act), the air (emission control act), surface water (law on the water household), ground water (waste control act, law on the water household) and vegetation and soil (waste control act, nature conservation act). Some examples will be given and comments are made on how to run a practice in an environmentally friendly way. 相似文献
5.
Yanagimachi R 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2012,58(1):25-32
Studies of mammalian fertilization progressed very slowly in the beginning because of difficulties in obtaining a large quantity of fully mature eggs at one time. With progression of techniques to collect and handle eggs and spermatozoa, research in mammalian fertilization advanced rapidly. Today, far more papers are published on mammalian gametes and fertilization than those of all other animals combined. The development of assisted fertilization and related technologies revolutionized basic research as well as human reproductive medicine and animal husbandry. Reproduction is fundamental to human and animal lives. The author lists a few subjects of his personal interest for further development of basic and applied research of gametes and fertilization. Each reader will probably have more exciting subjects of future investigation. 相似文献
6.
K Kaemmerer 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1989,96(9):466-468
For the veterinarian, drug sale is generally permitted by his licence of drug dispensing. According to the law on animal feed, feedstuffs are not regarded as drugs and thus they are not licensed to be sold by veterinarians. Drugs, however, may only be released for the treatment of individual animals, which are previously examined by the vet. The sale of animal feed is not regarded as part of veterinary practice. Only in case of a registered additional business, a veterinarian is allowed to sale feedstuffs. Dietetic animal feedstuffs are also regulated by the Animal Feed Act. Dietetic drugs, however, are regulated by the Drug Act and are strongly to be delineated from dietetic feed. Thus, the term "dietetic" alone does not automatically give any legitimatization for a sale of feedstuffs in veterinary practice. 相似文献
7.
Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases transmittable between animals and humans and outbreaks of these diseases in animals can signify that humans are also infected (or vice versa). Thus, communication between animal and human health agencies is critical for surveillance. Understanding how these agencies conduct surveillance and share information is important for the development of successful automated zoonotic monitoring systems. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 professionals who perform animal or human zoonotic disease surveillance in one of the New England states. Questions centred on existing surveillance methods, collaborations between animal and human health agencies, and technological and data needs. The results showed that agencies routinely communicate over suspected zoonotic disease cases, yet there are barriers preventing automated electronic linking of health data of animals and humans. These include technological barriers and barriers due to sensitivity and confidentiality of information. Addressing these will facilitate the development of electronic systems for integrating animal and human zoonotic disease surveillance data. 相似文献
8.
Ofensberger E 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(3):93-99
The killing of cattle in order to support the market price, the millions of sorted male pullets or the killing of surplus animals in zoological gardens or breeds which do not have the right colour--the human way to deal with sentient creatures becomes more and more bizarre. How far is our treatment of animals compatible with the legal demand for killing a vertebrate animal only if a reasonable reason (also called good reason = vernünftiger Grund) according section 17 no. 1 of the German Animal Protection Act exists. An offence against this act could be punished with imprisonment up to three years or a fine. However, to constitute an offence is not necessarily illegal. The legislator has created the expression "reasonable reason" as an indefinite legal term. Therefore the animal protection law can further develop the legal term "reasonable reason" with the help of interpretation and dispensation of justice and adapt it to all social realities. Therefore an appropriate judgement on the killing of a vertebrate animal only is possible by viewing each individual case taking into regard all important factors of the relation between the animal and its owner. The killing of a vertebrate animal, which is found to be illegal according to section 17 no. 1 Animal Protection Act can not be punished in case special Community Law exists which has priority over national law. Community Law which cancels national law exists in the scope of housing, slaughtering and transporting of farm animals. There are loopholes in Community Law concerning the killing of domestic animals in their breeding that could be closed by national law. A solution to secure animal protection could be the creation of a strict law for the breeding of domestic animals in Germany. 相似文献
9.
上海市畜禽粪便综合治理的实践与启示 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
十几年来,上海市畜禽粪便综合治理走过了“还田－工业达标－综合利用（生态还田）”的道路。通过分析上海市畜禽粪便综合治理技术路线的革新与实践,剖析了技术工艺方案的变化原因,明确提出今后应采用现代生态科学的研究成果,把畜禽粪便综合治理与畜牧业可持续发展结合起来。 相似文献
10.
我国草牧业发展理论及科技支撑重点 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2015年中央1号文件明确提出"加快发展草牧业"。发展草牧业是我国农业结构调整的重要内容,农业现代化转型发展的重要组成部分,国家草畜产品质量安全和生态安全的重要保障。本文对草牧业的概念进行新的阐释,提出草牧业的概念是草业+草食畜牧业+相关延伸产业的"三合一"产业耦合关系,进一步从草业基础产业论、生态畜产品供需均衡理论、产业技术和产品质量升级刺激经济增长理论、产业融合和耦合理论、创新驱动发展理论等方面论述草牧业是融合多产业的新兴复合产业,其发展主要以生态经济学和发展经济学为理论支撑。同时针对我国草原区、半农半牧区及农区草牧业发展存在的不同瓶颈问题,提出了相关突破性关键技术和优化模式,阐明不同区域发展草牧业的科技支撑重点,为加快推进草牧业健康持续发展提供理论依据和科技支撑。 相似文献
11.
12.
M. Wierup C. Löwenhielm M. Wold-Troell I. Agenäs 《Veterinary research communications》1987,11(5):397-405
The total animal consumption of antibiotic and chemotherapeutic drugs in Sweden during 1980, 1982 and 1984 has been studied. The study also included coccidiostatic, antiparasitic and antimycotic drugs. The total animal consumption during the years mentioned was 66.1, 68.8 and 72.6 tons of active substance, respectively, and the amount of antibacterial drugs for therapy was 28.7 (43.4%), 29.1 (42.5%) and 34.1 (47.0%) tons, respectively. Tetracycline, penicillin, sulphonamide and aminoglycoside were the four major groups of antibiotics used for therapy of bacterial infections in animals. The consumption was related to the metabolic bodyweights of animals which were the potential consumers. A comparison was also made with the corresponding human consumption during 1980. The data on antibiotic consumption can be divided by county and compared to the animal population and disease situation in each county. This study thus offers a good base for further investigations on different aspects of the use of antibiotics. 相似文献
13.
“十三五”国家重点研发计划设立“畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖综合技术研发”重点专项（以下简称“畜禽专项”），在动物疫病防控、高效安全养殖、养殖环境处理等方面进行布局，对畜牧兽医领域科技创新研究进行了支持，按照基础研究、重点关键技术研发、集成示范进行“全链条设计、一体化实施”设计，破解我国畜禽养殖业的重要基础理论和技术瓶颈问题。本文基于文献计量的方法，对“畜禽专项”实施期间发表的论文进行统计分析，以掌握专项在基础研究与前沿理论方面的研究进展，分析研究热点，并结合“十四五”畜牧兽医相关专项的布局，讨论畜牧兽医领域未来的重点研究方向和发展趋势。研究结果表明，“畜禽专项”资助论文在新冠病毒（COVID-19）、寨卡病毒（Zika Virus）和非洲猪瘟（African Swine Fever）等重大动物疫病和人兽共患病基础研究领域获得突破性研究成果；涉农高校和科研院所合作紧密，做出了较大贡献；国际合作除了美国等发达国家，与“一带一路”相关的巴基斯坦、埃及等发展中国家合作紧密，与发达国家科研团队合作发表高质量论文的几率明显增加；研究热点主要集中在流行病学、病原复制与进化、耐药性、病原与宿主互作机制、免疫与致病机制、跨种传播等方面的研究。“畜禽专项”聚焦畜禽重大疫病防控与高效安全养殖研究方向，在重大基础理论方面获得重要研究进展，支撑了关键核心技术研究和应用示范推广。“十四五”国家重点研发计划畜牧兽医领域专项将在畜禽种业自主创新、动物疫病综合防控与净化根除、营养调控与高效养殖、废弃物资源化利用与绿色养殖、养殖装备与智能养殖等方向进行全面布局。 相似文献
14.
Cuomo C 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(11):2904-2907
In this paper, I argue that there may be common ground shared by animal science and its critics insofar as animal scientists seek improvement in their field in four areas: the quality of their products, the quality of life for those who make their livelihood in food production, the fair treatment of human workers, and the humane treatment of animals. I also propose that there are fundamental differences between improvement motivated by profit and improvement motivated by ethical values. Positive moral change is sometimes revolutionary, although it is often a matter of promoting positive incremental changes and keeping one's attention on the effects of actions and attitudes. In conclusion, I suggest that in animal agriculture, positive change can be brought about by "getting closer" to the objects of scientific research, including nonhuman animals, by paying more attention to their welfare. 相似文献
15.
Conraths FJ Köhler H Werner O Beer M Depner KR Geue L Kaden V Staubach C Pötzsch C Schares G Mettenleiter TC 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(9-10):354-364
The Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, founded in 1910 by Friedrich Loeffler, the discoverer of the first animal virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, is the oldest virological research facility in the world. Beyond viruses, its area of competence has significantly expanded since its foundation and now also covers bacterial, parasitic and prion diseases of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. Presently located at four sites within Germany (Insel Riems, Jena,Tübingen,Wusterhausen) the tasks of the institute as delineated in the Animal Disease Act encompass research on infectious animal diseases including zoonoses, import/export examinations, epidemiological studies in case of outbreaks of notifiable animal diseases, acting as reference laboratory for notifiable animal diseases and nationwide quality management of diagnosis of notifiable animal diseases. It is obliged to publish and maintain up-to-date diagnostic regimes for notifiable animal diseases, and it publishes a yearly report on animal health in Germany. With the increasing importance of infectious diseases of animals, in particular those potentially harmful to man (zoonoses), the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut will be moving into new facilities including laboratories and animal facilities up to the highest biosafety level at its main site Insel Riems on the occasion of its 100th anniversary. 相似文献
16.
Polten B 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(3):98-103
Since the last report there have been major revisions of laws and ordinances. Deliberations on rules of Community law were also continued. On national level, the Act on the Shoeing of Horses amending the Animal Welfare Act and amendments of animal welfare provisions as well as the Deregulation Act were prepared, some of which have meanwhile entered into force. At legislative level, the work on the ratification laws for the Council of Europe conventions (Strasbourg) was concluded in order to enable Germany to adopt the revisions.They include (1) the European Convention for the protection of animals used for experimental purposes and (2) the European Convention for the protection of animals during international transport. At the level of ordinances, the amendment and extension of the Animal Welfare -Farm Animal Husbandry Ordinance are of vital importance for the sections on pig farming and laying hen husbandry. Another section refers to the husbandry of fur animals, on which an ordinance has been submitted to the Bundesrat (German upper house of Parliament). Deliberations on this issue have been adjourned. Drafts of a circus register were prepared to amend the Animal Welfare Act and to adopt a separate ordinance, and they are being discussed with the federal states and associations. Previously,the rules of Community law in the area of animal welfare were adopted as EC directives which the member states had to transfer in national law. This was done by incorporating them into national laws or ordinances, with non-compliance having to be sanctioned. It is the member states' responsibility to establish sanctions. Yet the Commission has introduced a directly operative animal welfare legislation by adopting EC Regulation 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport. This means that a national implementation is not required. Nevertheless, the establishment of sanctions continues to be the responsibility of the member states. A special authorisation by the legislator is required to be able to impose sanctions based on directly applicable EC law. This is done via the already mentioned Act on the Shoeing of Horses and amendment. To establish sanctions for this Community legislation, a "Sanctions Ordinance" is currently being discussed by the different departments. This way, a link between directly applicable Community legislation and national sanctions is established. At EC level there are currently discussed (1) the "Animal Welfare Action Plan", (2) a draft directive laying down minimum rules for the protection of chickens kept for meat production and (3) preparations for a revision of the directive on the protection of animals used for experimental purposes have become known due to the preparation of a related impact assessment. At the level of international law, the Council of Europe has concluded its work on Annex A of the convention for the protection of animals used for experimental purposes. With regard to the European Convention for the protection of animals kept for farming purposes, the deliberations on fish and fattening rabbits are being continued. There is a discussion on the technical details of the Transport Convention. Since the first animal welfare conference of the International Office of epizootics (OlE) in February 2004 in Paris, two very comprehensive codes on slaughter of animals and on animal transport were adopted.The inclusion of further animal welfare issues into the OIE work programme will be discussed in the next future. 相似文献
17.
Van Reenen CG Meuwissen TH Hopster H Oldenbroek K Kruip TH Blokhuis HJ 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(7):1763-1779
This paper considers (potentially) harmful consequences of transgenesis for farm animal welfare and examines the strategy of studying health and welfare of transgenic farm animals. Evidence is discussed showing that treatments imposed in the context of farm animal transgenesis are by no means biologically neutral and may compromise animal health and welfare. Factors posing a risk for the welfare of transgenic farm animals include integration of a transgene within an endogenous gene with possible loss of host gene function (insertional mutations), inappropriate transgene expression and exposure of the host to biologically active transgene-derived proteins, and in vitro reproductive technologies employed in the process of generating transgenic farm animals that may result in an increased incidence of difficult parturition and fetal and neonatal losses and the development of unusually large or otherwise abnormal offspring (large offspring syndrome). Critical components of a scheme for evaluating welfare of transgenic farm animals are identified, related to specific characteristics of transgenic animals and to factors that may interact with the effects of transgenesis. The feasibility of an evaluation of welfare of transgenic farm animals in practice is addressed against the background of the objectives and conditions of three successive stages in a long-term transgenic program. Concrete steps with regard to breeding and testing of transgenic farm animals are presented, considering three technologies to generate transgenic founders: microinjection, electroporation and nuclear transfer, and gene targeting including gene knockout. The proposed steps allow for unbiased estimations of the essential treatment effects, including hemi- and homozygous transgene effects as well as effects of in vitro reproductive technologies. It is suggested that the implementation of appropriate breeding and testing procedures should be accompanied by the use of a comprehensive welfare protocol, specifying which parameters to monitor, at which stages of the life of a farm animal, and in how many animals. Some prerequisites and ideas for such a protocol are given. It is anticipated that systematic research into the welfare of farm animals involved in transgenesis will facilitate the use of the safest experimental protocols as well as the selection and propagation of the healthiest animals and, thereby, enable technological progress that could be ethically justified. 相似文献
18.
The importance of the creation of a new international journal of "Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology" is apparent following the emergence of veterinary immunology as an identifiable discipline and the vital part played by investigations of animal models of immunological diseases of man. The journal will contain papers on basic immunology of domestic animals and on the many disease processes that result in domestic and laboratory animals from immunologic defects. It should thus have a wide appeal to workers in all immunologically related disciplines. Papers will be refereed by members of an international editorial advisory board. 相似文献
19.
Demuth DC Stucki F Gassner B Zinsli S Müntener C Althaus FR 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2006,148(8):397-400, 402-4
The new Swiss ordinance on veterinary drugs poses a new challenge to the veterinarians, specially those working with farm animals. A complete overview about the registered veterinary drugs and immunobiologicals is absolutely necessary to cope with these new tasks: the internet version of the Swiss Veterinary Drug Compendium is a versatile tool to satisfy this needs (http://www.tierarzneimittel.ch). Due to the frequent updates and powerful search possibilities, this database is a reliable and comprehensive information system regarding Swiss veterinary drugs. We will demonstrate how this system can be used as a valuable help in the case of reconversions of drugs (e.g. use of small animal drugs in farm animals). 相似文献
20.
The reduction of the entry of pathogens in the food chain is an important premise in improving the safety of food of animal origin. Since food animals are the main reservoir for pathogens, the prevalence of pathogens in livestock is of great importance. Unfortunately, classical measures to improve animal health can not exclude the presence of the main food-borne zoonotic agents (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, verotoxinogene Escherichia coli, Toxoplasma gondii) in "clinically healthy" animals. Absence of pathogens in livestock must be regarded as an unrealistic aim. To achieve an effective improval of product safety through logistical, hygienic or technological measures both farmers and food producers need valid data about the prevalence of pathogens in livestock, in each animal and in raw material of animal origin, respectively. Yet available data are insufficient. New European directives and regulations concerning monitoring and control of zoonosis demand the systematic control of presence of zoonotic agents in livestock and later steps of the food chain. 相似文献