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1.
甘肃省玉米籽粒中镰孢菌分离频率及伏马毒素含量监测 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了解甘肃省玉米籽粒中病原镰孢菌的种类以及籽粒中伏马毒素的含量,通过形态学特征、分子生物学鉴定和高效液相色谱法对2011—2012年间采自甘肃省5个地区的225份玉米籽粒样品进行了镰孢菌的分离、鉴定和伏马毒素含量的测定。结果表明,分离获得的516株镰孢菌经鉴定分别属于拟轮生镰孢菌Fusarium verticillioides、层出镰孢菌F.proliferatum、禾谷镰孢复合种F.graminearum species complex、亚粘团镰孢菌F.subglutinans、藤仓镰孢菌F.fujikuroi、木贼镰孢菌F.equiseti、尖镰孢菌F.oxysporum和F.temperatum;其中拟轮生镰孢菌分离频率最高,属甘肃省的优势病原菌。2011和2012年,镰孢菌的分离频率分别为31.0%和10.7%,禾谷镰孢复合种和拟轮生镰孢菌为当年的优势种群。同时,2011和2012年样品中伏马毒素的污染率分别为30.5%和50.9%,平均含量分别为175μg/kg和224μg/kg,但未发现伏马毒素含量超过欧盟委员会限量标准(4 000μg/kg)的样品。 相似文献
2.
采用菌丝生长速率法进行7种杀菌剂对玉米穗腐病致病菌的毒力测定和田间病害防治试验,筛选对玉米穗腐病具有良好防控作用的药剂,为生产中病害治理提供依据。试验结果表明,禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum对戊唑醇最敏感,EC50为0.232 mg/L;拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillium对丙环唑最敏感,EC50为0.512 mg/L;青霉Penicillium sp.对吡唑醚菌酯表现敏感,EC50为1.522 mg/L;链格孢Alternaria alternata对戊唑醇表现敏感,EC50为0.354 mg/L。将丙环唑和吡唑醚菌酯按照1∶50的有效成分质量比进行混配,对抑制禾谷镰孢具有明显增效作用,共毒系数达到688.830;将丙环唑和吡唑醚菌酯按1∶20的有效成分质量比进行混配,对抑制拟轮枝镰孢具有明显增效作用,共毒系数达到500.220,并在室内盆栽试验中对玉米穗腐病的防治效果达到78.23%,田间试验中防治效果也达到74.27%。研究表明,在玉米灌浆期施用丙环唑和吡唑醚菌酯混剂,对于防治玉米穗腐病具有良好的效果。 相似文献
3.
氰烯菌酯对禾谷镰孢菌的生物活性及其内吸输导性研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
氰烯菌酯(2-氰基-3-氨基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯,JS399-19) 是一种对禾谷镰孢菌具有专化活性的新型杀菌剂。研究表明,该药在离体条件下对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum抗多菌灵菌株及野生敏感菌株的菌丝生长均有很高的抑制活性,平均EC50值分别为0.117±0.036和0.107±0.020 μg/mL 。氰烯菌酯不能抑制禾谷镰孢菌的分生孢子萌发,但能引起抗多菌灵菌株及敏感菌株的分生孢子萌发后的芽管畸形。活体条件下,氰烯菌酯灌根处理对小麦赤霉病有一定防效,在叶片间的输导性较差,不能被小麦穗颈吸收;该药在同一张叶片上仅表现为向上输导,对处理部位的下部几乎没有防效。用400 μg/mL氰烯菌酯和400 μg/mL多菌灵穗部喷雾处理前1 、2 、3 d接种禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子,氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病的防效分别为95%、75%和62%;处理后1 、2 、3 d 接种,防效分别为88%、78%和73%,而对照药剂多菌灵的防效较差。说明氰烯菌酯对小麦赤霉病有优异的保护和治疗作用,在禾谷镰孢菌对多菌灵已产生抗性的地区,氰烯菌酯可以作为一种很好的替代药剂用于防治小麦赤霉病。 相似文献
4.
主要由假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum引起的茎基腐病是小麦上的重要病害,对产量及质量都有严重影响,目前尚无登记应用在该病害防治上的化学药剂。本研究从河南省17个地市采集病害样本,分离纯化得到82株小麦茎基腐病菌菌株,包括76株假禾谷镰孢和6株禾谷镰孢。嘧菌酯抑制76株假禾谷镰孢孢子萌发的EC50值为0.02~1.54 μg/mL,平均EC50值为 (0.33 ± 0.29) μg/mL;经数据异常值检验,舍弃异常菌株LHWY-6及SQYC-6后,嘧菌酯对74株 (97.37%) 正常菌株的平均EC50值(0.30 ± 0.24) μg/mL可作为假禾谷镰孢对嘧菌酯的敏感性基线;不同地市菌株间敏感性存在差异,同一地市菌株间对嘧菌酯的敏感性差异较大,许昌、焦作、洛阳和商丘4市的菌株间敏感性差异倍数均在20.00以上,南阳、三门峡和开封3地的菌株间差异倍数均在2.00以下,其他地市菌株间差异倍数在2.70~12.00之间;假禾谷镰孢孢子萌发对嘧菌酯与其对丙硫菌唑、多菌灵、咯菌腈、氰烯菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯和戊唑醇的敏感性相比,除吡唑醚菌酯外其余5种药剂的抑制作用均弱于嘧菌酯;嘧菌酯对6株禾谷镰孢的EC50值在0.10~0.42 μg/mL之间,平均EC50值为 (0.19 ± 0.12) μg/mL;嘧菌酯对两种镰孢菌丝生长的抑制活性均较弱,EC50都在7 μg/mL以上。离体条件下,15%嘧菌酯悬浮种衣剂在260 g/(100 kg种子) 剂量下防效达63.64%;温室盆栽时,在220 g/(100 kg种子) 剂量下防效为55.24%。嘧菌酯对小麦茎基腐病菌孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用,且在离体和温室条件下对病害均有很好的防治效果,可作为备选药剂推广使用。 相似文献
5.
禾谷镰孢菌对氟唑菌酰羟胺敏感性基线的建立及药剂田间防效 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类新型吡啶酰胺杀菌剂氟唑菌酰羟胺在中国小麦赤霉病防治中的应用潜力,分别采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定了氟唑菌酰羟胺对湖北省6个地区106株禾谷镰孢菌的室内毒力、田间防效及其与多菌灵和氰烯菌酯的交互抗性。结果显示:氟唑菌酰羟胺对106株禾谷镰孢菌菌丝生长的EC50值为 (0.018 0 ± 0.209 0) mg/L,平均值为 (0.072 8 ± 0.025 9) mg/L;对分生孢子萌发的EC50值为 (0.052 7 ± 0.473 2) mg/L,平均值为 (0.176 0± 0.059 6) mg/mL;且其EC50值频率分布均呈单峰曲线,因此可分别将菌丝生长和孢子萌发的平均EC50值作为禾谷镰孢菌对氟唑菌酰羟胺的敏感性基线。初步的交互抗性测定结果表明,抗多菌灵或氰烯菌酯的菌株对氟唑菌酰羟胺均未表现出抗性。田间试验显示,氟唑菌酰羟胺有效剂量200 g/hm2处理的防效 (超过90.0%) 显著高于对照药剂氰烯菌酯600 g/hm2的防效 (78.0%),与空白对照相比增产效果在127%~135%之间。经氟唑菌酰羟胺处理后,小麦籽粒中由禾谷镰孢菌产生的毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 的含量比空白对照降低了55.09%。研究表明,氟唑菌酰羟胺对禾谷镰孢菌呈现出较高的室内活性且田间防效优越,同时还能降低小麦籽粒中DON毒素的含量及提高小麦产量,因此可作为生产中防治小麦赤霉病的替代或后备药剂,同时也可考虑用作为禾谷镰孢菌对多菌灵抗性治理的替代药剂。 相似文献
6.
穗腐病是玉米生产上的重要病害，在造成产量损失的同时，产生的毒素严重危害人畜健康。为获得兼具降解毒素功能的玉米穗腐病菌的生防菌株，以脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（deoxynivalenol，DON）毒素为靶标，从玉米病穗上分离筛选到一株能够降解该毒素的细菌菌株TP，经菌落形态特征、结合16S rDNA和gyrB基因序列分析，初步鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。对峙试验和复筛共培养结果显示，菌株TP对禾谷镰孢F18的抑制率分别达到70.63%和99.5%。经HPLC检测，TP在含DON的无机盐溶液中培养10 d后，其对DON的降解率为98.97%。以上研究结果表明，贝莱斯芽胞杆菌TP能拮抗禾谷镰孢菌，且能高效降解DON毒素，该菌株在防治禾谷镰孢菌引起的玉米穗腐病以及降低毒素危害中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
玉米内生菌L10的分离、鉴定及拮抗活性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
为获得对玉米茎腐病主要病原菌禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum有明显拮抗作用的玉米内生菌,采用平板对峙法从成熟健康玉米茎秆中筛选禾谷镰孢拮抗菌株,并分析其抗菌谱;通过形态特征、生理生化特性及16S rDNA序列分析进行菌种鉴定;利用盆栽生防试验检测其对玉米茎腐病的防治效果。结果表明,共分离获得了164株玉米内生细菌菌株,其中L10菌株对禾谷镰孢具有较好的抑制效果,抑菌圈半径达1.68 cm;该菌对玉米大斑病菌Setosphaeria turcica、层出镰孢F. proliferatum、禾谷镰孢F. graminearum、拟轮枝镰孢F. verticilliodes、玉米弯孢叶斑病菌Curvularia lunata、玉米小斑病菌Bipolaris maydis、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、茄链格孢Alternaria solani共8种植物病原菌均有拮抗作用,尤其对禾谷镰孢抑制效果最佳;结合形态特征、生理生化性质及16S rDNA序列分析,将L10菌株鉴定为多粘类芽胞杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa。L10菌株脂肽类物质对禾谷镰孢菌具有较好的抑制活性,且盆栽生防试验结果显示该菌株对玉米茎腐病具有一定的防治效果。表明菌株L10对玉米镰孢茎腐病的防治具有一定潜力。 相似文献
8.
氰烯菌酯(2-氰基-3-氨基-3-苯基丙烯酸乙酯,JS399-19) 是一种对禾谷镰孢菌Fusarium graminearum具有专化活性的新型杀菌剂。离体条件下,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了该药剂对禾谷镰孢菌抗性菌株和敏感菌株的生长抑制活性;同时采用孢子萌发法测定了其对禾谷镰孢菌分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,氰烯菌酯能够强烈地抑制禾谷镰孢菌敏感菌株菌丝的生长,EC50值分布在0.092~0.141 μg/mL之间;并可降低敏感菌株分生孢子的萌发速率,以及影响其萌发的方式,使芽管从分生孢子基部和中间细胞萌发的比率增加;同时氰烯菌酯使敏感菌株分生孢子膨大、畸形,并使其芽管肿胀、扭曲,明显抑制其芽管的伸长生长;但对抗性菌株的抑制作用和致畸作用不明显。 相似文献
9.
河北省玉米穗腐病病原菌鉴定及潜在产伏马毒素镰孢菌系统发育分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确河北省夏玉米区玉米穗腐病的发生情况、病原菌组成及地区对病原菌种类的影响,本团队于2016年和2017年在玉米收获前期对玉米穗腐病的发生情况进行调查,并通过生物学方法对随机采回的样本进行分离鉴定。田间调查结果表明,与2016年相比,2017年河北省玉米种植面积有所减少,玉米穗腐病的发病率有所下降。分离鉴定结果表明,引起河北省夏玉米区穗腐病的优势病原菌为拟轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides),分离频率为63.49%,其他病原菌如层出镰孢菌(F. proliferatum)、禾谷镰孢菌(F. graminearum)、变红镰孢菌(F. incarnatum)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、黄曲霉(A. flavus)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)的分离频率分别为19.05%、6.35%、1.59%、14.29%、3.17%、9.52%和1.59%。为明确伏马毒素基因在潜在产伏马毒素镰孢菌鉴定中的作用,拟轮枝镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌和藤仓镰孢菌(F. fujikuroi)分别以EF-1α和FUM1基因序列为基础构建系统发育树。结果表明,两个系统发育树拓扑结构相似,伏马毒素基因可用于潜在产伏马毒素镰孢菌种的鉴定,基于FUM1基因的种间遗传距离大于基于EF-1α基因的种间遗传距离,而种内遗传距离的结论则与之相反。 相似文献
10.
11.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
12.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
13.
Meira Bar-Eyal Edna Sharon Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):427-433
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against
plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and
in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than
the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also
against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. 相似文献
14.
G. J. Bollen D. Volker A. P. Wijnen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(Z1):19-30
Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °c).=" among=" the=" 17=" pathogens=" tested,=">Olpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed. 相似文献
15.
浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。 相似文献
16.
R. Rabbinge A. Brouwer N. J. Fokkema J. Sinke T. J. Stomph 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1984,90(5):181-197
The effects of the saprophytic mycoflora and its interference with cereal aphids on growth and yield of winter and spring wheat was studied in field experiments in 1980, 1981 and 1982.Yields varied between 5000 and 8000 kg dry matter of kernels per ha. The effect of the saprophytic mycoflora on yield was determined in different treatments: A) no control measures against cereal aphids and saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, B) no control of cereal aphids, control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, C) control of cereal aphids and control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, D) control of cereal aphids and stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora and E) control of cereal aphids, no control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi nor stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora.Considerable differences in top densities of saprophytic mycoflora (10 times as large in A and D as in B and C) were determined. The consequences of these differences for the growth and productivity of wheat were minor. A negative effect of saprophytic mycoflora on the yield could not be detected in 1981 and 1982, whereas a small positive significant effect was found in 1980. This stimulation may have been due to competition between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and saprophytic mycoflora. As a result of favourable weather conditions necrotrophic fungal pathogens were very numerous in 1980 and could form an important yield reducing factor. Yield levels may effect the importance of the necrotrophic and saprophytic mycoflora as yield reducing factors. Additionally, in the presence of aphid honeydew captafol was found to be relatively ineffective against saprophytic fungi. 相似文献
17.
Aetiology and causal agents of mango sudden decline disease in the Sultanate of Oman 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. O. Al Adawi M. L. Deadman A. K. Al Rawahi Y. M. Al Maqbali A. A. Al Jahwari B. A. Al Saadi I. S. Al Amri M. J. Wingfield 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(4):247-254
Mango sudden decline is a recently introduced, economically serious disease in Oman. Affected mango trees have wilting symptoms that usually begin on one side and later spread to involve the entire tree. Trees exude amber-coloured gum from the bark of their trunks or branches and vascular tissues are discoloured. Having entered Oman in the recent past, survey data is presented that shows the disease to have spread throughout the northern part of the country. Evidence is presented that the vascular wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata causes mango sudden decline disease in Oman, possibly in concert with Lasiodiplodia theobromae and the recently described Ceratocystis omanensis. Isolates of these fungi from affected trees, cause infection and can be recovered from inoculated seedlings. Bark beetles (Hypocryphalus mangiferae) are shown to carry C. fimbriata and L. theobromae and are presumably responsible for transmitting both pathogens to healthy mango trees. Acting as a wounding agent and vector, the bark beetle is likely to have assisted the rapid spread of the disease across Oman. 相似文献
18.
D. Sivakumar R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam M. Abeyesekere R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):43-51
Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different
treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the
three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C
and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001. 相似文献
19.
Dace Apoga Helena Åkesson Hans-Börje Jansson Göran Odham 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(6):519-526
A gas chromatographic method was developed to quantify the phytotoxin prehelminthosporol, which is a sesquiterpene metabolite of the plant pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. The toxin was extracted from mycelium or culture filtrates, pre-cleaned using solid phase extraction, and analyzed by gas chromatography as a trimethylsilyl-derivative. The detection limit of the method was 5ngl–1 (signal to noise ratio 4:1) which corresponds to ca. 15ng prehelminthosporol per mg dry weight of mycelium or 15ng prehelminthosporol per ml culture filtrate. The total amount of prehelminthosporol (mycelium plus culture filtrate) increased with cultivation time when examined in six isolates of B. sorokiniana after 6, 9, 12 and 15 days of incubation. The screening experiment of 17 isolates for prehelminthosporol production after 8 days of incubation revealed significant differences in the toxin production between the isolates. The isolates with low toxin production had lower virulence towards barley roots compared to those with higher production of the toxin. However, the virulence did not increase with prehelminthosporol level among the high producing isolates. Prehelminthosporol was also analyzed in a number of related Bipolaris and Drechslera species. In addition to B. sorokiniana, three out of six Bipolaris species (B. setariae, B. zeicola, B. victoriae) produced prehelminthosporol, which indicates that ability to produce prehelminthosporol is conserved among closely-related Bipolaris species. 相似文献
20.
Yurika Matoba Norio Kondo Seishi Akino Fujio Kodama Shigeo Naito Shigehiko Ebe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):81-85
Five Pythium species (Pythium irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. spinosum and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from the hypocotyls and roots of kidney bean plants with damping-off from a commercial field and from experimental
plots that have undergone either continuous cropping with kidney bean or rotational cropping with arable crops. In inoculation
tests, all five Pythium species were pathogenic to kidney bean. This is the first report of damping-off of kidney bean caused by Pythium species; we named this disease damping-off of kidney bean.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB291811, AB291944
and AB291945. 相似文献