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亚洲玉米螟幼虫对不同寄主植物的取食选择性 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为深入了解亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)不同龄期幼虫的取食特性,采用叶碟法对6个科的24种植物进行了测定.结果显示,亚洲玉米螟初孵幼虫选择性试验中,酸模叶蓼上幼虫百分率最高,为29.81％;菜豆上次之,为27.36％.3龄幼虫选择性试验中,菜豆上幼虫百分率最高,为28.66％;酸模叶蓼上次之,为26.21％;该虫较喜食的其它几种植物上幼虫百分率由多到少依次是葎草、向日葵和苘麻,而玉米叶片上的幼虫取食百分率最低,初孵幼虫为0,3龄幼虫为4.28％.5龄幼虫在上述6种植物茎秆或果实上取食停留的时间没有显著差异.试验说明,亚洲玉米螟幼虫保持了对原始寄主的取食特性. 相似文献
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寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟取食、生长发育和生殖的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
本文对亚洲玉米螟在甜玉米、饲料玉米、无毒棉和有毒棉上的取食、生长发育和生殖作了比较研究。结果表明:初孵幼虫嗜食无毒棉棉叶,3龄幼虫则喜食玉米心叶。5龄幼虫在甜玉米上的取食次数最多,取食总时间最长,在有毒棉上的取食时间最短。5日龄以前,取食无毒棉的幼虫生长最快,而后取食玉米的幼虫生长加快;取食有毒棉的幼虫生长最慢,其老熟幼虫的体重仅为取食甜玉米的1/3。取食棉花的幼虫历期明显延长,虫龄增加至6龄。幼虫期存活率、蛹重和每雌产卵量以甜玉米为最高,依次为饲料玉米、无毒棉和有毒棉。试验证明,在扩种甜玉米和无毒棉以后亚洲玉米螟种群将上升。 相似文献
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我国东北地区亚洲玉米螟种群发生动态与寄主植物来源 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确我国东北地区亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)不同世代的种群动态及寄主植物来源,利用性诱捕器监测了其不同世代的种群动态,并以雄蛾翅的稳定性同位素δ13C为标记鉴定其寄主植物的光合作用类型。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟成虫越冬代始见期在5月底,第1代终见期在9月中旬。公主岭、齐齐哈尔、沈阳等地越冬代和第1代亚洲玉米螟幼虫主要以C4植物为寄主,以C4植物为寄主的种群占所有种群的比例分别为72.19%~97.71%和95.18%~100%;2014年公主岭、齐齐哈尔、沈阳等地之间越冬代和第1代亚洲玉米螟幼虫以C3植物为寄主的种群比例无显著差异,2013年公主岭和2014年沈阳的越冬代和第1代幼虫期之间以C3植物为寄主的种群比例差异显著。研究表明,东北地区以C3植物为寄主的亚洲玉米螟种群较少。 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性的遗传规律与分子机理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
意义与目的亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnaca-lis(Guene)]是长期为害玉米、高粱、谷子、棉花等作物的重要害虫。转BtCry1Ab基因抗虫玉米、棉花等在整个生育期其植株能表达Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白,为玉米螟的防治开辟了新的途径。室内汰选条件下亚洲玉米螟能对Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白产生抗性,这将严重威胁到转基因玉米、棉花等的可持续利用。研究亚洲玉米螟对Cry1Ab蛋白抗性的遗传规律与分子机理,对田间抗性监测、延缓抗性产生及抗性治理具有重要的理论和实际意义。材料与方法采自陕西省田间的亚洲玉米螟自然种群,在室内用无琼脂半人工饲料中加入一定量的… 相似文献
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尖双突野螟[Sitochroa verticalis(Linnaeus)]、豆扇野螟[Pleuroptya ruralis(Scopoli)]、横线镰翅野螟[Circobotys heterogenalis(Bremer)]与亚洲玉米螟[Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)]均为草螟科昆虫,这几种昆虫的成虫在外部形态上极其相似,在利用测报灯对亚洲玉米螟种群动态进行监测时,常误将这3种草螟科的昆虫当做亚洲玉米螟,从而影响亚洲玉米螟种群动态及预测预报的准确性。为此本文对以上3种草螟科昆虫及亚洲玉米螟成虫的形态进行描述,并结合其线粒体COⅠ基因序列进行了种类鉴定,同时还利用稳定碳同位素技术对其寄主植物来源进行了分析。 相似文献
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东北地区亚洲玉米螟不同寄主植物种群线粒体基因遗传多样性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解不同寄主植物对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)寄主专化性及遗传多样性的影响,以东北地区取食4种寄主植物的亚洲玉米螟种群为研究对象,选取其线粒体COⅠ和COⅡ基因作为分子标记,通过序列比对分析,研究了亚洲玉米螟种群间的遗传多样性、基因流水平及分子变异。结果显示,亚洲玉米螟线粒体基因具有较丰富的遗传多态性;COⅠ和COⅡ基因总寄主植物种群Fu’s Fs检验结果分别为-1.82和-2.04,种群历史呈扩张趋势,基因流Nm分别为6.38和3.24,说明各种群间基因交流水平较高;遗传变异主要来自于种群内部;亚洲玉米螟的单倍型在BI树和NJ树上的分布拓扑结构与寄主植物间无对应关系。研究表明,取食不同寄主植物的亚洲玉米螟种群间的遗传多态性较高,基因交流频繁,且尚未发生遗传分化。 相似文献
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Jane Morris Elspeth Steel Penny Smith Neil Boonham Nicola Spence Ian Barker 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(3):265-273
The Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotype B transmitted host range of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), genus Crinivirus, Family Closteroviridae, and Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV), genus Ipomovirus, Family Potyviridae, was studied. New experimental hosts were identified for each of these viruses. Seventeen species in eight plant families
were assessed as potential hosts for ToCV. Infection in asymptomatic Anthriscus cereifolium (chervil) test plants by ToCV was confirmed by using a Real-Time PCR assay designed for ToCV. The presence of readily transmissible,
infectious ToCV virions in A. cereifolium was confirmed by re-isolation of the virus via whitefly-transmission from A. cereifolium to Lycopersicon esculentum and A. cereifolium. This is the first report of the experimental transmission of ToCV by B. tabaci to a species within the Umbelliferae. All other hosts assessed for the presence of ToCV were found to be uninfected. Ten
species in five families were assessed as potential hosts for CVYV. The CVYV host range identified included some important
crops and common weeds, such as L. esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, A. cereifolium, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana clevlandii and Cucumis sativus. Symptoms were present on D. stramonium, N. benthamiana and C. sativus control plants. The presence of infectious whitefly transmitted CVYV virions was confirmed solely for D. stramonium and N. tabacum, following re-isolation of the virus via B. tabaci transmission from all infected species to C. sativus. This is the␣first report of experimental CVYV transmission by B. tabaci to non-cucurbitaceous crop and weed hosts belonging to the Solanaceae or Umbelliferae. 相似文献
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扇吸式太阳能杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田间的应用效果及对节肢动物生物多样性的影响,采用抽样鉴定方法调查扇吸式杀虫灯的诱虫谱,通过田间试验调查其对主要害虫亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控制范围和防控效果,并采用黄板、糖醋酒液和陷阱法取样调查其对玉米田间节肢动物生物多样性的影响。结果表明,扇吸式杀虫灯在鲜食玉米田可诱集9目40科的昆虫,对亚洲玉米螟的有效控制距离在60 m左右,单灯控制面积约1.1 hm2。在大喇叭口期,灯光防控处理对亚洲玉米螟的株防效为25.83%,显著低于化学防控处理的76.74%;在乳熟期,化学防控处理的虫孔减退率为75.29%,显著高于灯光防控处理的21.18%,灯光防控处理、化学防控处理和对照的茎秆活虫数、虫孔隧道长度和雌穗防效差异均不显著。距灯80 m范围内不同距离的主要害虫与天敌种群数量基本一致,玉米不同生育期节肢动物群落多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势集中性指数和相似系数变化较大,但在同一生育期不同距离间均无显著差异,说明田间节肢动物群落主要受玉米生育期的影响,扇吸式杀虫灯对田间主要害虫和天敌种群无显著影响。表明扇吸式杀虫灯对亚洲玉米螟的防治效果有限,对田间节肢动物多样性无显著影响,可作为鲜食玉米田防治亚洲玉米螟的辅助手段,但无法替代化学防治。 相似文献
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为明确丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对加拿大一枝黄花Solidago canadensis与本地菌根植物和非菌根植物种间竞争格局的调控作用,采用温室盆栽试验,通过接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae(GM)、根内球囊霉G. intraradices(GI)及其混合菌种(GM+GI)3种处理,分析AM真菌对加拿大一枝黄花与本地菌根植物玉米Zea mays和非菌根植物油菜Brassica campestris种间作用的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,接种AM真菌均显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花和玉米的菌根侵染率,菌根侵染率为13.720%～50.015%,且前者的菌根侵染率明显高于后者。单独种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌尤其是接种混合菌种显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数和总干重。在加拿大一枝黄花与玉米混合种植时,与单独种植相比,加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、根长和总干重均较低;同时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌显著提高了玉米的相对竞争强度而对加拿大一枝黄花的相对竞争强度没有显著影响。在加拿大一枝黄花和油菜混合种植时,与对照相比,接种AM真菌则显著提高了加拿大一枝黄花的株高、叶片数、净光合速率和总干重;同时,接种AM真菌促进了入侵种的竞争优势而抑制了非菌根植物油菜的生长。说明加拿大一枝黄花与本地种的竞争格局受到与之混生物种的菌根依赖性强度以及AM真菌的种类差异影响。 相似文献
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为明确李树上新纪录害虫北亚脉扁蜂Neurotoma sibirica的生物学特性，通过田间调查和室内饲养观察，记述该虫的形态特征、生活史及生物学特性。结果表明，北亚脉扁蜂在吉林省吉林市1年发生1代，以老熟幼虫在树下5~15 cm深的土层中做土室越冬。每年4月中旬幼虫开始化蛹，5月上旬成虫羽化出土，5月中旬为成虫盛期，成虫产卵从5月上旬持续到5月下旬，单雌产卵量为13~43粒，卵期5~9 d。6月上旬为北亚脉扁蜂幼虫为害盛期，幼虫为6龄或7龄，幼虫期14~21 d，6月中、下旬老熟幼虫陆续入土越冬。北亚脉扁蜂幼虫在李、紫叶李、杏、榆叶梅4种寄主上均可完成发育，在自然条件下李树受害率可达100%，紫叶李树受害率为40%，杏树受害率为20%。北亚脉扁蜂天敌有龟纹瓢虫Propylea japonica、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、斯马蜂Polistes snelleni、日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus、2种姬蜂及1种病原菌。 相似文献
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Plant-induced germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores was studied in a laboratory experiment. Spore reaction was analysed in nutrient solution with exudates from
growing roots of different plant species – one host plant (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis) and four non-host plants (Lolium perenne, Allium porrum, Secale cereale and Trifolium pratense) – and in controls with distilled water and nutrient solution. It was found that root exudates from L. perenne stimulated spore germination more than exudates from the other plants, including those from the host plant. The effect could
not be explained by differences in the nutritional composition of the solutions due to differential uptake of the plant species,
or by differences in root activity, measured as exudation of soluble sugars. This is the first time such a separation of factors
has been done in analysing the influence of plants on P. brassicae germination. Although stimulation of P. brassicae resting spore germination is not restricted to the presence of host plants, it seems to vary depending on the plant species. 相似文献
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Donald A Ukeh Michael A Birkett Toby JA Bruce Eunice J Allan John A Pickett A Jennifer Mordue 《Pest management science》2010,66(1):44-50
BACKGROUND: Four‐arm olfactometer bioassays were conducted to assess the behavioural responses of the adult maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), to harvested seeds of host plants, i.e. white maize, yellow maize (Zea mays L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Poaceae), and non‐host plant materials, i.e. alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta (Rosk) K. Schum (Zingiberaceae), rhizomes of ginger, Zingiber officinale (Roscoe) (Zingiberaceae), and West African black pepper, Piper guineense Thonn and Schum (Piperaceae). Additional bioassays with host plant volatiles were conducted in the presence of three doses of non‐host plant materials. RESULTS: Both sexes of the weevil showed strong attraction to maize and wheat seed volatiles, but were significantly repelled (P < 0.001) by odours from A. melegueta, Z. officinale and P. guineense. Furthermore, S. zeamais avoided maize and wheat seeds presented in combination with the non‐host plant material at 10% (w/w) and 33% (w/w) levels. CONCLUSIONS: A. melegueta, Z. officinale and P. guineense have the potential for use in the protection of stored grains by resource‐poor farmers with local access to these plants. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为探讨硒(selenium)对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)的营养作用及其生长发育、生殖行为的影响,选用添加不同浓度硒的人工饲料饲喂3龄幼虫,观察了蛹、成虫的生长发育及成虫生殖行为情况。结果表明,不同浓度的硒对蛹和成虫的发育影响差异较大,其中硒浓度为0.75 mg/kg时生长发育最好,化蛹率、雄蛹体重和雄蛾寿命显著高于对照,分别提高了7.4%、12.7%和19.1%;硒浓度为5.00 mg/kg时生长发育最差,化蛹率和羽化率最低,雌、雄蛹重最小,成虫寿命最短。当硒浓度为0.75 mg/kg时,雌蛾求偶百分率和求偶持续时间均有所降低,且求偶高峰期推迟1~2 h。以正常雌蛾为诱源时,硒雄蛾的定向能力显著低于对照,而以硒雌蛾为诱源时,硒雄蛾的定向能力显著高于对照雄蛾;硒雌蛾的产卵量和卵孵化率显著提高,硒雌蛾×硒雄蛾组合提高最多,分别为28.9粒和9.3%。研究表明,适量硒可以促进亚洲玉米螟生长发育,并能显著影响成虫的生殖行为。 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenée)是危害我国玉米的重要害虫,为了探索其生物防治方法,测试了不同来源的3种诱芯(诱芯A、诱芯B和诱芯C)对陕西关中灌区玉米螟的引诱活性,并比较了水盆式和三角形两种诱捕器类型及诱捕器不同悬挂高度(1.0、1.5、1.8和2.0 m)的诱捕效果。结果表明:诱芯A(北京中捷玉米螟诱芯)和诱芯B(中国科学院动物研究所玉米螟诱芯)均对亚洲玉米螟成虫具有一定的引诱活性,以诱芯B效果更佳;两种类型诱捕器对玉米螟诱虫总数差异显著;三角形诱捕器悬挂在2.0 m处的效果优于悬挂在1.5 m处。诱芯B较适合陕西关中灌区玉米螟的预测预报及生物防控,建议在田间应用中使用三角形诱捕器,悬挂高度以1.8~2.0 m为宜。 相似文献
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Ricardo Siqueira da Silva João Rafael Silva Soares Izailda Barbosa dos Santos Mirian Filgueira Pimentel Elizeu de Sá Farias Júlio Cláudio Martins 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(1):10-15
Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is one of the most important mite pests found in coffee plants. One way to reduce intensive pest attacks is management via resistant plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 14 C. canephora genotypes to O. ilicis by antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms and to determine the preimaginal conditioning effect on resistant genotypes using O. ilicis reared on C. canephora. Resistance by antixenosis was not found; however, nine genotypes showed resistance to O. ilicis via an antibiosis mechanism. Two of these resistant genotypes showed a more persistent resistance than the O. ilicis reared on C. canephora, which indicated that a previous host can affect the selection of a genotype by O. ilicis. The study may provide a model to evaluate the preimaginal conditioning effect on plant resistance, which can be useful for plant breeders. 相似文献
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Susceptibility of potential alternate host plants to pine stem rusts belonging to Cronartium spp. was artificially tested in Finland during 2012–2013. Forty‐three species representing 11 plant families were inoculated in the laboratory; 34 species (11 families) were inoculated in the greenhouse with aeciospores of Cronartium flaccidum or C. ribicola. Twenty‐one selected species (10 families) were also exposed to natural inoculum of C. flaccidum in the field in two severely affected Pinus sylvestris stands. After 5–8 weeks’ incubation, C. flaccidum sporulated on 17 species (nine families) in the laboratory, 17 species (eight families) in the greenhouse and seven species (five families) in the field. Cronartium ribicola sporulated on three species (three families) in the laboratory or greenhouse. All of the hemiparasitic plants that belong to Orobanchaceae were infected by C. flaccidum, and several species supported rust sporulation when exposed to natural inoculum. Susceptible species belonged to genera Veronica, Euphrasia, Castilleja, Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Saxifraga, Loasa, Ribes, Tropaeolum, Swertia, Physalis, Nicotiana, Hyoscyamus, Paeonia, Apocynum, Impatiens, Vincetoxicum and Myrica. 相似文献