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1.
基于异形喷嘴结构的低压喷头水力性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2种流量相等的出口截面形状为正方形和正三角形的异形喷嘴与圆形喷嘴进行了对比研究,研究其压力、喷嘴锥角、出口截面形状对流量、射程、喷灌强度和喷灌均匀性等水力性能的影响.结合试验和Matlab软件,分析低压下异形喷嘴在矩形布置下的组合均匀性,确定了组合喷灌均匀性最好的喷嘴型号及其最佳组合间距.研究表明:锥角一定时,喷嘴的流量和射程均随着压力增大而增大;压力一定时,喷嘴的流量和射程随着锥角变大而减小.低压条件下,异形喷嘴的喷灌均匀性较圆形喷嘴有极大改善,低压组合喷灌均匀性最佳的喷嘴为锥角45°的正三角形喷嘴,最佳组合间距为一个有效喷洒半径.异形喷嘴的组合均匀性系数比圆形喷嘴的高,说明在组合喷灌时选用异形喷嘴更能体现喷灌均匀性优势. 相似文献
2.
Numerical and experimental investigations on internal flow characteristic in the impact sprinkler 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An integral 3D numerical model based on the structural characteristics of the impact sprinkler was constructed to simulate
the relationship between flow rates and inlet pressures as well as the flow field distribution by computational fluid dynamics
(CFD). A commonly used PY140 sprinkler in China with three different flow straighteners in lengths of 80, 140 mm and 200 mm respectively and without
flow straightener was investigated under inlet pressures ranging from 300 kPa to 500 kPa numerically and experimentally. The
simulation results obtained revealed that the predicted relationship of flow rates and inlet pressures was in good agreement
with the measurements. Fixing a proper flow straightener can effectively improve the turbulent flow state inside the sprinkler
and lead to a more uniform velocity at the nozzle outlet. The sprinkler with a flow straightener resulted in a larger pressure
loss within the internal flow than the sprinkler without flow straightener. A longer flow straightener caused a smaller turbulent
kinetic energy at the nozzle outlet, which indicated that the length of flow straightener had no significant effect on the
flow rate. As well, it was found that reversed flow happened near the nozzle outlet with a diffused angle of 90° could be
observed clearly. The decrease of the diffused angle from 90° to 60° can supply a larger flow rate, which was verified by
an experiment. 相似文献
3.
为了探究影响负压反馈射流喷头水力性能的重要参数对水力性能的影响程度,并选出综合水力性能最优下的重要参数组合,首先设计了4因素3水平正交试验,并根据试验要求分别加工出3种长度(4.2,5.6,7.0 cm)的喷管、3种直径(3,4,5 mm)的喷嘴,以及射流进口宽×深为4 mm×8 mm、位差1.80 mm、侧壁夹角20°、劈距28.0 mm、3种喷射仰角(20°,30°,40°)的射流机构,用于水力性能测试.采用综合评分法和极差分析法对正交试验结果进行处理,并引入了射程和喷灌均匀系数对试验结果进行评价.结果表明:影响喷头综合水力性能的重要参数,影响程度由大到小依次为喷射仰角、主副喷嘴直径、工作压力、主副喷管长度.得到了在此射流机构下的最优重要参数组合为工作压力0.35 MPa、主×副喷嘴直径5 mm×4 mm、喷射仰角30°、主×副喷管长度4.2 cm×4.2 cm.试验结果可为该型国产喷头的产品化和未来工程应用提供理论数据支撑. 相似文献
4.
变量喷洒全射流喷头副喷嘴优化与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为解决全射流喷头实现变量喷洒时由于压力变化而产生的水量分布不均匀问题,以20PXH型变量喷洒全射流喷头为研究对象,设计不同副喷嘴改善水量分布。通过射流理论分析设计了8种副喷嘴方案,测量了喷头径向水量分布,采用不同压力下喷灌强度差值分析的方法,得到方案5挡板式副喷嘴结构改善水量情况最好。通过测量不同挡板角度及不同压力下水量分布,以均匀性系数值最大为目标,以挡板角度及均匀性取值范围为约束条件,首次建立了变量喷洒全射流喷头喷洒均匀性的综合评价函数,并求导得到最佳挡板角度为21.2°。 相似文献
5.
圆形喷灌机作为典型的节水灌溉装备,具有自动化程度高、喷洒效果好、工作效率高等优点,近年来在我国得到很好的推广应用。圆形喷灌机的灌溉质量主要取决于使用的喷头类型及配置方式。分析了圆形喷灌机喷头从中压向低压方向发展演化过程,对各种类型喷头主要性能与参数特征进行了梳理与归纳。综述了各类喷头的结构特征与性能、配置方式等方面研究与应用现状。对圆形喷灌机喷头和配置方式的研究现状分析表明,目前圆形喷灌机使用的喷头普遍为低压旋转折射式喷头,且国内外对于该类喷头的设计与性能等方面的研究尚不完善,亟待展开相关领域研究,促进该类型喷头的国产化,以满足日益增长的规模化农业对大型喷灌机的巨大市场需求。 相似文献
6.
基于2DVD的非旋转折射式喷头水滴直径分布规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用基于三维视频粒子测量原理的视频雨滴谱仪(Two-dimensional video disdrometer,2DVD)对喷灌机中常用的Nelson D3000型喷头在多个工作压力下水滴直径沿射程的分布进行了测量,分析了水滴直径沿射程的变化趋势及水滴速度、水滴角度与水滴直径之间的关系。结果表明:水滴直径与射程符合指数函数关系,在距离喷头相同测点处,水滴直径随工作压力的升高而减小,而射程末端的水滴直径随着压力的升高而增大;水滴速度随水滴直径增加而增大,两者呈对数关系;水滴落地时与地面夹角(简称水滴角度)随水滴直径增加呈减小趋势,水滴直径小于1.0 mm时,50、100、150和200 kPa工作压力下,与地面夹角为90°的水滴个数占总水滴数的比值分别为90.46%、84.46%、89.91%和89.15%,其余水滴与地面夹角在30°~89°之间,水滴直径在1.0~2.25 mm范围内,水滴角度随水滴直径的增加迅速减小,水滴直径大于2.25 mm时减小趋势变缓,4个工作压力下最大直径水滴落地时与地面夹角平均值为45°;工作压力对于水滴直径与速度、水滴直径与角度之间的关系影响较小。 相似文献
7.
总结了几种研究喷灌动能对土壤性能影响的方法 :单位面积动能对土壤入渗的影响 ;单位面积动能强度对土壤入渗的影响和不同的水滴撞击地面的角度对土壤入渗的影响。减小水滴打击地面动能的措施主要有 :在满足土壤结构不被破坏的前提下 ,尽量选择较小的喷头和喷嘴 ;减少喷灌强度和增加地表的覆盖度。同时与修整畦田、破除土壤表面的硬壳、以及喷施一定计量的化学物质 (如土壤改良剂 )等农艺措施相结合 ,可以更好的改善土壤结构 ,增加土壤的入渗水量 相似文献
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为了实现摇臂式喷头在较低的工作压力下工作,在原有结构基础上设置掺气管结构,形成水气两相射流开展喷灌作业.掺气管的吸气功能也可用于抽吸叶面肥液、药液,从而实现摇臂式喷头的多功能用途.为了掌握该结构的抽吸能力,选择掺气管的内径d,伸缩长度L以及摇臂式喷头喷嘴的收缩角度θ为影响因素,试验研究30PY摇臂式喷头掺气管堵住时形成的真空度以及抽吸水时的质量流量.结果表明:在相同喷头工作水压力下,喷头的喷嘴收缩角θ在30°~65°的试验范围内增大时,喷头的工作水流量减小,从而影响掺气或掺液时的混合比例;掺气管缩距离L相对喷嘴出口端面为0,当L从-4~6 mm移动时,掺气管的抽吸能力从0逐渐增大到最大,L取值2 mm为推荐值;掺气管内径d越大,摇臂式喷头的工作水压力越高,则掺气管抽吸流体的流量越大. 相似文献
9.
【目的】研究工作压力,喷头组合间距、组合斱式和旋转速度对射流式喷头及多喷头组合喷灌均匀性系数(CU)和分布均匀系数(DU)的影响。【斱法】采用不同工作条件下单喷头和多喷头组合喷灌水量分布的动态仿真代码,对射流式喷头开展了水力性能试验;研究了射流式喷头在不同工作压力及安装高度条件下对喷灌强度、水量分布的影响;建立了水量峰值强度与工作压力的回归关系式;模拟了单喷头在正斱形和三角形组合喷灌下的空间水量分布。【结果】喷头在1.5 m安装高度、100~300 kPa压力条件下,水量峰值集中在5 mm/h附近,标准偏差(STD)为0.23。喷头在100 kPa工作压力,安装高度为1.1、1.3 m的水量峰值强度分别可高达8.9、10.5mm/h。不同工作压力下的单喷头喷灌的DU和CU标准偏差分别为15.5%、9.3%,且DU对压力的变化相对更为敏感。【结论】在实际喷灌工程中正斱形组合喷灌的间距应小于8m,三角形组合喷头之间的间距应布置在8m附近,此时的喷灌均匀度最高,单个喷灌设备覆盖范围最广,成本最低。 相似文献
10.
Summary Corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production were compared under impact and spray nozzled center pivot sprinkler systems. The crops were grown under two pairs of sprinkler systems located approximately 110 km apart. One system of each pair was equipped with high pressure (379 or 414 kPa) impact sprinkler heads and the other system was equipped with low pressure (172 or 207 kPa) spray nozzles. Half of each circle was planted to corn and half was planted to sorghum. Additionally, four tillage treatments were included in the experimental design (conventional tillage, conventional tillage + deep ripping, conventional tillage + diking, and minimum tillage). The evaporative losses from the high pressure system with impact sprinkler heads were not significantly different from the low pressure system with spray nozzles. The minimum tillage and deep ripped treatments reduced runoff while diking eliminated it. The two nozzle types did not produce significantly different grain sorghum yields; however, corn yielded significantly more under the high pressure system with impact sprinkler heads than under the low pressure system with spray nozzles. The different tillage treatments did not influence yields of either crop significantly.Contribution of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. Paper No. 19198 相似文献
11.
Raquel Salvador C. Bautista-Capetillo J. Burguete N. Zapata A. Serreta E. Playán 《Irrigation Science》2009,27(4):307-317
The characterization of drops resulting from impact sprinkler irrigation has been addressed by a number of techniques. In
this article, a new technique based on low-speed photography (1/100 s) is presented and validated. The technique permits to
directly measure drop diameter, velocity and angle. The photographic technique was applied to the characterization of drops
resulting from an isolated sprinkler equipped with a 4.8 mm nozzle and operating at a pressure of 200 kPa. Sprinkler performance
was characterized from photographs of 1,464 drops taken at distances ranging from 1.5 to 12.5 m. It was possible to analyze
separately the drops emitted by the main jet and those emitted by the impact arm. The proposed technique does not require
specific equipment, although it is labor intensive. 相似文献
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对特定的土壤来说，喷洒水滴动能是优选喷头型式时需要考虑的重要因素。利用面粉法测得的圆形和方形喷嘴的水滴分布资料，用水滴运动方程确定水滴落地时的速度，计算了单位质量水滴沿径向不同位置处的动能和总动能。在相同压力下，方形喷嘴形成的水滴所具有的动能小于同流量的圆形喷嘴；在满足一定的水滴总动能要求时，方形喷嘴可在比圆形喷嘴低９８ｋＰａ的压力下工作，从而达到节能的目的。通过分析得出了可用于由中数直径估算中压喷头的水滴总动能的回归方程。还研究了竖管高度对水滴总动能的影响。结果表明，在常用的竖管高度范围内，高度每升高１ｍ，圆形喷嘴的水滴总动能增加约５％，方形喷嘴的水滴总动能增加６％～９％。 相似文献
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《Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research》1993,54(4):293-305
The effects on spray drift of nozzle size, angle and operating pressures for boom-mounted hydraulic nozzles operating over a range of meteorological and crop conditions, was investigated using computer simulation. The results showed that the measurements of droplet size, particularly the percentages of spray volume in droplets less than 100 μm in diameter, critically influenced spray drift. Measurements made with an optical imaging system gave data which showed insensitivity to some of the parameters studied, in particular, nozzle size. Results using measurements from this instrument indicated greater spray drift from 80° nozzles mounted at 0·5 m above the crop than from 110° nozzles operating over a comparable range of flowrates and positioned 0·35 m above the crop, despite the coarser spray quality produced by the nozzle with the smaller fan angle. Further simulations were carried out using data from a Phase Doppler analyser in which better resolution of size was possible at droplet diameters <100 μm. Using this data, the model indicated an increase in the mass flux of down-wind airborne spray in conditions that encouraged evaporation; this effect was probably over-estimated because of the assumed constant local air moisture content.Spray drift was shown to increase approximately linearly with wind speed; the rate of increase for a given spray sheet angle and operating pressure was a function of nozzle size. The simulation was also used to demonstrate that a measurement of wind speed made at a height of 2 m above a tall crop signifies a greater drift hazard than the same wind speed measured over a short crop at the same height above the ground. 相似文献
16.
异形喷嘴对变量喷头水力性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了异形喷嘴对变量喷头水量分布的影响.依据面积相同原则设计多种形状的异形喷嘴,测量了异形喷嘴的流量系数、射程和末端水滴直径,得出星形喷嘴射程降低较少,不同压力时水量分布规律相近,可改善低压力下均匀度.对比了星形喷嘴变量喷头和圆形喷嘴变量喷头的水力性能,星形喷嘴变量喷头远射程处平均喷灌强度为近射程处的85％,圆形喷嘴变量喷头远射程处平均喷灌强度为近射程处的79％,星形喷嘴变量喷头水量分布优于圆形喷嘴变量喷头.分析比较了变量喷头水量分布等值线图,结果表明,星形喷嘴变量喷头的水量分布均匀度好于圆形喷嘴变量喷头,方形喷洒域的均匀度好于三角形喷洒域. 相似文献
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旋转喷盘喷头已经广泛应用于中心支轴式喷灌机上。针对旋转喷盘过高的转速可能导致喷灌范围减小以及喷灌强度增加问题,试验观测了不同压力(0.070、0.140和0.200 MPa)下安装7种不同直径的喷嘴(2.78、3.97、4.76、5.56、6.35、6.75和7.54mm)时的喷盘转速、喷头流量和喷洒半径。结果表明,(1)当工作压力为0.070、0.140和0.200 MPa时,喷盘转速分别为0.431~0.737、0.987~1.639和1.921~3.128r/min,喷嘴直径增大,喷盘转速也增大,喷嘴直径达5.56mm后,转速基本稳定;(2)喷盘转速随喷头流量的增加而增加,0.070、0.140和0.200 MPa下流量分别达0.714、1.135和3.023m3/h时,转速基本稳定;(3)当喷嘴直径大于5.56mm时,喷洒半径开始减小;(4)喷灌强度随喷嘴直径增加而增加。 相似文献
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近年来,国外开始试用异形喷嘴代替园形喷嘴以降低喷灌系统的工作压力,但关于其性能的系统研究还极少。本文对异形喷嘴的一种——方形喷嘴的流道结构型式、雨滴分布、雨滴密度、水量分布等进行了试验研究和理论分析;利用单喷头水量分布资料进行了组合均匀度的模拟叠加计算,和最优喷头组合间距和单位面积投资计算,并对方形喷嘴的节能效果进行了分析。 相似文献