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1.
甘蓝型油菜DH群体主要品质性状相关性及主成分分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为了研究甘蓝型油菜品质性状之间的相关性,以期有效的改良油菜的品质性状,将170份DH纯系群体于2009-2012年进行田间试验,检测油菜种子品质性状,对其表型、相关性及主成分进行分析。结果表明：亲本中芥酸含量的变异系数最大(相差15.53%)。油菜DH群体中硫甙含量的变异幅度最大(128.43μmol/g饼粕),饱和脂肪酸的变异幅度最小(1.97%)。DH群体的品质性状表型变异幅度显示出了超亲遗传的现象。除了芥酸,含油量与其他组分呈现出极显著的负相关,特别是与蛋白质含量的负相关系数最大(-0.72)；蛋白质含量与油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和硫甙含量均呈极显著的正相关,与含油量和芥酸呈极显著的负相关；除了蛋白质,其他组分含量皆与硫甙含量呈现出极显著或者不显著的负相关。通过主成分分析可将品质性状综合为油酸亚油酸酸因子,蛋白质因子,亚麻酸因子和硫甙因子,累积贡献率达到93.94%,基本反映甘蓝型油菜DH系群体脂肪酸组分信息。 相似文献
2.
《作物杂志》2016,(1)
为了解胡麻粗脂肪含量和脂肪酸组分在RIL群体中的分离分布规律,以DYM(♀)和STS(♂)构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体及其亲本为材料,分析了粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸等品质性状在RIL群体中的分布规律及其相关性。结果表明,上述品质性状在RIL中呈连续变异,各成分含量的频次、偏度和峰度表现均符合正态分布,同时存在超亲分离现象,表现为数量性状遗传。群体中粗脂肪含量的遗传倾母本遗传,而5种脂肪酸含量均倾双亲平均值遗传。油酸与粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量呈显著负相关,与亚油酸呈极显著负相关,与硬脂酸呈极显著正相关;亚麻酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸含量呈极显著负相关,亚油酸与棕榈酸含量呈显著正相关。同时筛选出了16份品质优异的株系供育种利用。 相似文献
3.
甘蓝型优质杂交油菜品质性状与单株产量及群体产量的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究甘蓝型优质杂交油菜在高密度下品质性状与单株产量、群体产量间的关系,以600个甘蓝型杂交油菜组合进行田间试验、考种和品质分析及相关分析。结果表明:甘蓝型优质杂交油菜含油率平均为49.86%,变幅为41.30%~55.14%,群体产量平均为1 182.78kg/hm2,单株产量平均为4.31g,群体产量、单株产量变异系数大,易受坏境栽培因素影响,含油率等变异系数较小,遗传力较高,不易受坏境条件的影响,适合早代选择;单株产量或群体产量与蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸呈极显著正相关,与含油率、油酸、芥酸呈极显著负相关,与硫甙、棕榈酸及硬脂酸未达到显著水平,与不饱和脂肪酸呈极显著负相关,与脂蛋总量、不饱和脂肪酸指数、饱和脂肪酸相关不显著,但与二十碳稀酸、芥酸链脂肪酸的相关性两者存在一定的差异;利用相关性分析可知,随着单株产量及群体产量的提高,首先有利于提高种子的蛋白质与亚麻酸,其次是提高亚油酸、降低芥酸,产量增加虽然对含油率、油酸有一定的负效应,但选育高产、高油、优质油菜新品种仍然是可以实现的。 相似文献
4.
《华北农学报》2017,(Z1)
为了分析大豆5种脂肪酸是否适合早代选育,将5种脂肪酸均有差异的2个亲本冀豆12和黑豆组合后代群体的86个家系进行脂肪酸测定。对后代群体F_2、F_4两代间的脂肪酸分布进行了比较,并分别通过F_2和F_4两代对5种脂肪酸进行了相关分析,以培育优良脂肪酸组分的大豆品种。结果表明:除硬脂酸外,油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、软脂酸的F_4比F_2分布较集中,油酸和亚麻酸F_2的平均值高于F_4,亚油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸的F_2平均值低于F_4,但其差异都不大。5种脂肪酸之间油酸和亚麻酸呈极显著负相关,油酸和亚油酸呈极显著负相关,亚油酸和软脂酸呈极显著负相关。而5种脂肪酸在F_2和F_4两代之间的相关系数较小,均小于0.5,没有明显的线性关系,本群体中不宜在早代进行直接选择。 相似文献
5.
6.
《种子》2020,(7)
油菜是重要的植物油来源,十八碳脂肪酸是植物油重要的品质性状。本研究搜集了来自全国各地的363份甘蓝型油菜,种植在贵阳环境条件下,对该批材料的硬脂酸(C 18∶0)、油酸(C 18∶0)、亚油酸(C 18∶2)和亚麻酸(C 18∶3)含量进行测定和分析。Shapiro-Wilk检测显示,4个性状均不呈现正态分布。相关性分析显示:硬脂酸与油酸(r=0.66)、亚油酸(r=0.39)均呈极显著正相关关系;油酸与亚油酸(r=0.51)呈极显著正相关关系;亚油酸与亚麻酸呈极显著正相关关系(r=0.30)。通过主成分及分类分析,筛选出部分特异的育种材料。主成分分析获得PCA 1及PCA 2分别为51.84%和28.12%,共解释了79.96%的表型变异。其中,硬脂酸含量最低的材料为六60(林编13-47号)(0.00%)和4000(0.00%);油酸含量最高的材料为全B 02-1(85.39%);亚油酸含量最高的材料为印AB(林编13-5号)(31.63%);亚麻酸含量最低的材料为yh(林编12-64号)(8.51%);有益脂肪酸最高的材料为全B 02-1(103.75%);有害脂肪酸最低的材料为无名AC 21(10.02%)。该研究可为贵阳环境条件下甘蓝型油菜十八碳脂肪酸育种提供材料,也可为该性状的基础研究提供材料。 相似文献
7.
无芥酸甘蓝型油菜十八碳不饱和脂肪酸含量的QTL定位 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
用无芥酸的高油酸油菜品系HOP和低油酸油菜品种湘油15为父母本构建含189单株的F2代作图群体。F2代单粒种子播种前采用半粒取样,F2代单株种子采用混合取样,进行脂肪酸含量的气相色谱分析。统计检测显示这两种方法测定结果极显著相关,各种脂肪酸含量之间大部分也呈显著相关。用该群体构建含342个SSR标记的遗传连锁图并对18碳不饱和脂肪酸含量进行了QTL定位。在A5和C5连锁群上各检测到1个油酸含量主效QTL,其中位于A5连锁群的QTL效应值较大,且与FAD2基因紧密连锁;位于C5连锁群的QTL为首次报道,与之紧密连锁的标记在A5 连锁群QTL区域有同源标记,说明可能与位于C5的FAD2基因有关。用两种方法测定性状值都能检测到这2个QTL,且效应值比较接近,共能解释60%~70%油酸含量变异。由于油酸含量与亚油酸之间高度相关,定位在A5和C5的油酸含量QTL也被确认为亚油酸含量主效QTL,但利用单株法测定的性状值能在A4连锁群上再发现1个LOD值较低的亚油酸含量QTL。两种测定法能比较一致地在A4、A5和C4连锁群上检测到3个亚麻酸含量主效QTL,共能解释72%~80%亚麻酸含量变异。用半粒法能在A4连锁群还能检测到1个解释变异度为12.42%的较小LOD值的亚麻酸含量QTL。 相似文献
8.
本研究选用了3个品质类型的5个春大豆品种,研究荚果发育过程中脂肪含量及其组分的动态变化.结果表明:脂肪含量随着开花天数的增加呈上升趋势,始花后68d达到最大值,5个品种表现一致的规律性;26～32d脂肪含量增加较为缓慢,开花32～50d是脂肪含量快速增加时期,50～68d增长缓慢;脂肪酸组分中亚麻酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸所占比例呈降低趋势,亚油酸呈升高趋势,油酸先升高后降低;5个品种脂肪含量和油酸所占比例与始花后天数都呈极显著正相关关系;亚油酸所占比例与始花后天数没有达到显著正相关水平;硬脂酸、棕榈酸、亚麻酸所占比例与始花后天数呈负相关,但个别品种未达到显著水平;脂肪及其组分所占比例表现不同程度的相关性,脂肪与亚油酸、油酸呈显著或极显著正相关,脂肪与亚麻酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸呈显著或极显著负相关关系. 相似文献
9.
优质油菜的含义及其栽培技术要点 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1 优质油菜的含义优质油菜指油菜产品的品质经过育种改良后形成的具有优良性状的新品种。国内外油菜育种家们认为最理想的油菜种质应该是 :脂肪酸组成中应是低芥酸、高油酸、高亚油酸和低亚麻酸 ;饼粕中含硫代葡萄糖甙低 ,含芥子碱、植酸微量 ;高油分和高蛋白质含量、低纤维素含量或具有黄色种皮颜色等。这些指标和要求应按阶段分步骤达到。目前 ,我们所说的优质油菜主要是指单低油菜 (低芥酸 )和双低油菜(低芥酸、低硫代葡萄糖甙 ,以下简称硫甙 ) ;高含油量或具有黄色种皮颜色。1.1 降低芥酸含量 ,改善菜籽油脂肪酸组成研究证明 ,菜籽油… 相似文献
10.
甘蓝型黄籽油菜主要品质性状分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以不同来源的51份甘蓝型黄籽油莱种质为材料,对粒重、色泽、蛋白质、硫甙和芥酸含量等主要性状进行研究,结果表明:种质间千粒重差异大,变幅在1.54～4.76 g之间,平均为3.65 g,多数集中在3.4～3.8 g之间;影响种皮色泽的主要是黑色素和花色素;根据其含量的不同,可分为高花色素类、高黑色素类和低色素3个类群;种子颜色等级与种子含油量呈极显著的正相关,种子颜色等级与种子蛋白质含量呈极显著的负相关;种子舍油量为31.8%～46.4%,蛋白质含量为23%～34.9%,芥酸含量为0.56%～5.40%,硫甙含量为6.95%～76.43%;且种子的含油量与蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,芥酸含量与硫甙含量呈极显著正相关,硫甙含量与含油量呈显著正相关. 相似文献
11.
Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) is a potential oil crop for the rain-fed Mediterranean area. However, its usage is limited by the high erucic and high glucosinolate content of the oil and meal, respectively. In the course of a mutagenesis programme, an agronomically good line of Ethiopian mustard was treated with EMS in order to widen the natural variability of nutritional traits in this species. As a result of this programme several low erucic mutants were isolated; two of these mutants showed erucic acid values in the M4 generation in the range 5–10% of total fatty acids. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (N1RS) was successfully applied as a rapid screening method for erucic acid in this breeding programme. 相似文献
12.
以‘大地95’、‘京华165’、‘山油2号’3个甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,比较分析不同海拔条件对油菜农艺性状和品质性状的影响。结果表明：随海拔高度的增加,油菜全生育期延长,株高、分枝高度、分枝数、单株角果数、每果粒数减少,单株产量和产量降低,千粒重增加;蛋白质含量降低,含油量增加,硫甙和芥酸在不同品种间表现不一致。相关性分析表明：海拔高度与生育期显著正相关,与株高和单株产量显著负相关,相关系数分别为0.519、-0.548、-0.528;海拔高度与蛋白质显著负相关,与含油量、硫甙、芥酸正相关,相关系数分别为-0.590、0.262、0.161、0.138。 相似文献
13.
近10年我国冬油菜区试品种品质及产量性状的演变分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油菜是我国最重要的食用油料作物。本文综合分析了2000年～2009年10个年度国家冬油菜区域试验参试品种的品质及产量性状。分析表明：2002年是我国油菜品种品质（低芥酸、低硫苷）和产量的转折点,此后双低油菜品种比例在80%以上,产量也逐步提高,到目前基本达到双高品种的产量水平。分析表明双低油菜产量的提高,主要归因于单株结角数和千粒重的增加;此外,双低油菜品种含油量有了较大的突破,尤其是近3年含油量有了显著提高。这表明在我国油菜品种双低化过程中,品质和产量得到了协同发展。目前在双低品质达标的情况下,提高产量和含油量仍是我国油菜育种的主攻目标。 相似文献
14.
Marker-assisted increase of genetic diversity in a double-low seed quality winter oilseed rape genetic background 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. Basunanda T. H. Spiller M. Hasan A. Gehringer J. Schondelmaier W. Lühs W. Friedt R. J. Snowdon 《Plant Breeding》2007,126(6):581-587
Generation of novel genetic diversity for maximization of heterosis in hybrid production is a significant goal in winter oilseed rape breeding. Here, we demonstrate that doubled haploid (DH) production using microspore cultivation can simultaneously introgress favourable alleles for double‐low seed quality (low erucic acid and low‐glucosinolate content) into a genetically diverse Brassica napus genetic background. The DH lines were derived from a cross between a double‐low quality winter rapeseed variety and a genetically diverse semisynthetic B. napus line with high erucic acid and high glucosinolates (++ quality). Twenty‐three low‐glucosinolate lines were identified with a genome component of 50–67% derived from the ++ parent. Four of these lines, with a genome component of 50–55% derived from the ++ parent, also contained low erucic acid. Heterosis for seed yield was confirmed in test‐crosses using these genetically diverse lines as pollinator. The results demonstrate the potential of marker‐assisted identification of novel genetic pools for breeding of double‐low quality winter oilseed rape hybrids. 相似文献
15.
Doubled haploid lines of Brassica carinata with modified erucic acid content through mutagenesis by EMS treatment of isolated microspores 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Brassica carinata is a potential oilseed crop for the Mediterranean area. Chemical mutagenesis has been applied to microspores of B. carinata with the purpose of identifying lines with altered erucic acid content. From a population of nearly 400 doubled haploid plants recovered, nine lines have been identified that exhibit promising useful changes in erucic acid concentration in the seed oil. Three lines showed erucic acid contents below 25%, with a minimum of 17.1%, and in six lines the level of this fatty acid was greater than 52%. Changes in other fatty acids are also described and discussed. 相似文献
16.
Summary Inheritance of fatty acid composition was studied in an F1 diallel cross in Sinapis alba. Crosses were made among accessions having contrasting amounts of oleic (C18:1) and erucic (C22:1) acid. Concentrations of oleic, linoleic (C18:2), eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1) acids were determined by gas-chromatography for each mating combination. Genetic analysis confirmed that the composition of the fatty acids was controlled mainly by the nuclear genes of the embryo. Additive gene action with partial dominance for the reducing alleles was noted for oleic and linoleic acids, while erucic acid showed an additive mode of inheritance with partial dominance for the enhancing alleles. Positive heterosis was demonstrated for eicosenoic acid content. Erucic acid content was strongly negatively correlated with oleic acid, suggesting a genetic interdependence between the two fatty acids. Broad-sense and narrow-sense heritability estimates for each of oleic, linoleic and erucic acids were very high, due to low between-plants non-genetic component of variance.Contribution No. 3662-E, 1992 series. 相似文献
17.
Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of doubled haploid population in Brassica napus through microspore culture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The results showed that the F1 genotype from the cross (Brassica napus cv. Zheshuang 758 × cv. Z-4115) had good response to embryogenesis, and their embryo yield and rate of plant regeneration reached 69.8 embryo/bud and 46.9%, respectively. Characters from the doubled haploid (DH) populations in B. napus were analyzed and it was showed that the means of each agronomic trait were between their parents, but they were nearer to the paternal in 6 agronomic traits (plant height, branch position, number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod). The number of genes controlling each agronomic trait was analyzed based on the DH populations. The results showed that the number of genes controlling number of pods in the main raceme was the highest (15.6), and the least number of genes was involved for stem width (only 7.9). According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, gene interaction was found to be absent for stem width, plant height, length of main raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, pod density in the main raceme and seed weight/plant. Complementary interaction was also observed in five agronomic traits (number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight). A significantly positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and four agronomic traits (length of main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight). The experiment also showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of DH populations were 34.23%, 87.09 μmol/g, 44.09% and 42.67%, respectively. The numbers of genes controlling each quality trait were 7.8, 9.7, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Partial correlations between the seed quality traits and the agronomic characters of DH populations were analyzed. In this experiment, the partial correlations among seed quality traits were also analyzed and it was found that the oil content had a negative correlation with the other three seed quality traits. 相似文献
18.
Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun) is a potential oil crop for the Mediterranean area. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient system of mutagenesis using ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation of isolated microspores from Brassica carinata. From the survival curve based on embryo yield after irradiation of the microspores with UV light, the LD50 was estimated to be an exposure of 8 min. Total content of glucosinolates and fatty acid composition were analysed in the seeds of the doubled haploid homozygous plants with the purpose of selecting lines with modified glucosinolate and erucic acid contents. Three groups of doubled haploid lines exhibiting low and high glucosinolate contents, and high erucic acid content have been identified from a population of 270 doubled haploid lines. In eight lines, the content of glucosinolates was reduced from an average of 80.6 mol g-1 seed to 37.5 mol g-1 seed, whereas in four lines, the content of glucosinolates was increased up to 99.2 mol g-1 seed. In six additional lines, the content of erucic acid was increased from 42.8% in the nontreated lines to 49.5% of the totalfatty acid composition in some of the mutant lines. All lines showed stablelevels of erucic acid in two generations, the M2 and M3. 相似文献
19.
Estimating the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid method
to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in intact-seed samples of rapeseed. A total of 549 samples (3 g intact seed)
from selected mutant and breeding lines were scanned by NIRS, and 220 of them were selected and scanned again by using two
different adapters, which reduced the sample size to 300 and 60 mg, respectively. Selected samples were analysed by gas liquid
chromatography and calibration equations for individual fatty acids were developed. Calibrations for oleic, linoleic, linolenic,
and erucic acid were highly accurate, with values of r2 in cross validation from 0.95 to 0.98 (samples of 3 g), from 0.93 to 0.97 (300 mg), and from 0.84 to 0.96 (60 mg). Calibrations
for palmitic and stearic acid were less accurate, with values of r2 in cross validation always lower than 0.8, probably because of the narrow range available for these fatty acids. The accuracy
of the calibration equations for eicosenoic acid was very low (r2 = 0.69 in 3 g samples), although improved equations were developed (r2 from 0.78 to 0.91) when the relationship between erucic and eicosenoic acid was taken into account. We conclude that NIRS
is a powerful technique to estimate the fatty acid composition of the oil in rapeseed, provided that samples covering a wide
range of fatty acid levels are available, with the advantage that such estimation is possible with few additional costs when
NIRS is used for the determination of other seed quality traits.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献