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1.
脱毒蓖麻粕对奶牛瘤胃发酵和营养物质消化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取48头泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛,按照产奶量、胎次、泌乳日龄相近原则,随机分为4组,每组12头,分别饲喂4种不同日粮,在基础日粮中分别添加0%、2.5%、5.0%、7.5%的DCBM,研究饲粮中添加脱毒蓖麻粕(DCBM)对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵指标和营养物质消化率的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比饲喂2.5%和5.0%的DCBM使瘤胃液pH值有降低趋势,饲喂7.5%的DCBM,使pH值显著降低(P<0.05).5.0%试验组NH3-N浓度显著下降,其他组差异不显著(P>0.05).日粮中饲喂DCBM对瘤胃TVFA、乙酸、丙酸和戊酸无显著影响.5.0%试验组乙酸与丙酸之比值显著升高(P<0.05),其余3个剂量组无显著变化(P<0.05);添加不同比例DCBM后,各处理组干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的消化率显著降低(P<0.05).因此,在奶牛日粮中用7.5%以下的脱毒蓖麻粕替代饼粕作为蛋白质饲料,基本不会影响奶牛瘤胃发酵参数,但对营养物质消化率产生一定负面影响. 相似文献
2.
氯化铵对泌乳奶牛瘤胃发酵特性及营养物质表观消化率影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验一采用增量灌注2×2交叉试验设计,选用4头装有瘤胃瘘管中国荷斯坦奶牛,每期试验持续4周,期间试验组2头牛接受氯化铵增量灌注(0、150、300、450 g·d-1),每个剂量灌注1周,对照组2头牛只灌注清水;试验二采用完全随机设计,将48头泌乳日龄、体重、胎次及产奶量相近中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组12头,氯化铵添加量分别为每头牛0(对照组)、150、300和450 g·d-1。预试验14 d,正式试验56 d。结果表明,(1)氯化铵能显著提高瘤胃氨氮浓度(P0.05);瘤胃p H随氯化铵灌注或添加量增加有线性降低趋势(P=0.084,P=0.060);氯化铵对瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等挥发性脂肪酸浓度影响不显著(P0.05)。(2)试验一,随氯化铵灌注量增加,干物质(P=0.022)、有机物(P=0.041)消化率呈二次曲线升高;粗脂肪(P=0.019)消化率线性升高。氯化铵在泌乳奶牛生产中添加量不宜超过300 g·d-1。 相似文献
3.
[目的]研究饲粮中添加屎肠球菌制剂对泌乳中期奶牛泌乳量和表观消化率的影响。[方法]选取24头体重、胎次、泌乳量、泌乳期、体况等基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组:对照组、低剂量组(30 g/d屎肠球菌)、高剂量组(60 g/d屎肠球菌),测定泌乳量和第0、14、28天的表观消化率。[结果]泌乳量在时间上无显著差异(P0.05);高剂量组泌乳量最高,且显著高于低剂量组(P0.05),并高于对照组8.00%。高剂量屎肠球菌组干物质采食量显著低于低剂量屎肠球菌组(P0.05)。第28天,奶牛粗蛋白消化率显著低于第14天(P0.05),但粗脂肪消化率显著高于第14天(P0.05)。此外,高剂量屎肠球菌组粗脂肪消化率显著高于低剂量屎肠球菌组。[结论]奶牛泌乳中期饲粮中添加60 g/d屎肠球菌制剂能够提高泌乳量及饲料粗脂肪的表观消化率,有利于饲料的转化和利用。 相似文献
4.
《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2019,(5)
为探究新型复合益生菌对热应激奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵特征和血清抗应激指标的影响,选取45头泌乳后期荷斯坦奶牛,分为3组,其中:对照组饲喂全混合日粮,复合益生菌组和酵母培养物组分别在对照组日粮基础上添加复合益生菌20 g/(d·头)和酵母培养物100 g/(d·头)。结果显示:日粮添加复合益生菌和酵母培养物显著提高了热应激奶牛产奶量(P=0.03),但对乳成分没有影响;且提高了瘤胃液氨态氮和微生物蛋白浓度(P=0.04),但对挥发酸产量没有影响。复合益生菌和酵母培养物显著提高了热应激奶牛粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率(P0.05),且复合益生菌的提升效果优于酵母培养物。此外,复合益生菌和酵母培养物显著提高了热应激奶牛血液中三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度(P0.01)。因此,在基础日粮中添加复合益生菌能够缓解热应激对奶牛生产性能的影响,并且效果显著优于酵母培养物。 相似文献
5.
《北京农学院学报》2020,(1)
【目的】旨在研究青蒿提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵及甲烷生成的影响。【方法】选用4头体况相近、胎次相近的健康荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体。试验分为6个处理组,即在发酵底物中分别添加0.00%、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%、2.00%的青蒿提取物,每个处理组6个重复,试验重复进行3个批次。于39℃的恒温恒湿培养箱中体外发酵24h,测定瘤胃常规发酵指标pH、氨态氮、挥发性脂肪酸、总产气量及甲烷生成。【结果】与对照组相比,添加青蒿提取物对奶牛瘤胃体外发酵液的pH、总挥发酸、乙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸、产气量均无显著影响(P0.05)。当添加0.50%和0.75%的青蒿提取物时,氨态氮质量浓度、干物质消失率显著提高(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P0.05)。青蒿提取物显著降低乙酸/丙酸值,且0.50%组的乙酸/丙酸值最低(P0.01)。青蒿提取物可有效抑制甲烷生成,0.50%时抑制效果最佳(P0.01)。【结论】在体外条件下,添加青蒿提取物可以有效调节奶牛瘤胃发酵,且添加0.50%青蒿提取物对奶牛瘤胃发酵及甲烷调控最适宜。 相似文献
6.
《中国农业科学》2018,(23)
【目的】在奶牛日粮中添加菊科植物黄花蒿乙醇提取物,研究其对瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等发酵指标的影响,进一步探讨其对CLA合成的溶纤维丁酸弧菌Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B.fibrisolvens)和蛋白溶解梭菌Clostridium proteoclasticum(C.proteoclasticum)的影响,旨在阐明黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛瘤胃发酵的作用,并从瘤胃层次探明其对牛奶中CLA合成的部分作用机制。【方法】选取15头体重为(600±29)kg、胎次2-3、泌乳期(158±3)d及泌乳量(22.8±1.8)kg·d-1相近的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,试验牛统一管理,自由采食、自由饮水;每天饲喂2次、挤奶2次(早上4:30、下午16:30)。试验采用完全随机设计,分为3组,分别是对照组和2个试验组,每组5头牛。试验1组黄花蒿乙醇提取物的添加量为96 g/(d·头),试验2组黄花蒿乙醇提取物的添加量为160 g/(d·头)。试验期40 d,前9 d为预饲期,10—40 d为正式期。【结果】奶牛日粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物可以增加瘤胃中pH值,其中两个试验组pH值分别增加了2.63%和8.61%,但差异不显著(P0.05);添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物均降低了瘤胃中VFA的含量,除异戊酸和戊酸低剂量黄花蒿乙醇提取物与对照组差异不显著外,其余各组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸均与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物均增加了瘤胃液相和瘤胃液混合物中B.fibrisolvens的相对百分比,差异显著(P0.05);降低了瘤胃固相中B.fibrisolvens的相对百分比,差异不显著(P0.05)。添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物均降低了瘤胃液相和瘤胃固相中C.proteoclasticum的相对百分比,差异显著(P0.05),增加了瘤胃液混合物中C.proteoclasticum的相对百分比,但是差异不显著(P0.05)。【结论】奶牛日粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物影响瘤胃发酵,对瘤胃不同内容物中B.fibrisolvens和C.proteoclasticum影响不同,总体趋势是增加瘤胃中B.fibrisolvens的相对百分比,降低瘤胃中C.proteoclasticum的相对百分比,有利于调控CLA的生成。 相似文献
7.
《饲料博览》2014,(4):13-13
柴胡提取物(RBE)可以减轻高温环境下产生的负面作用。试验旨在研究RBE对处在热应激条件的荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能和瘤胃发酵的影响。4头荷斯坦奶牛(产奶75±15 d;产奶量37.5±1.8 kg·d-1和1.7±0.4奇偶检验)被随机分为4组(n=10),分别在基础饲粮(精料和粗饲料)添加RBE 0、0.25、0.5和1.0 g·kg-1。奶牛饲喂在一个带状的牛舍中,并单独饲喂。试验选在炎热的夏天,持续10周。试验过程中,在6:00、14:00和22:00给予不同的平均环境温度和温度-湿度指数(THI),分别为27.5±1.5,29.8±1.9和28.1±1.7℃;78.2±2.7,79.8±3.3和78.3±3.4;添加RBE 0.25、0.50和1.0 g·kg-1处理组的平均呼吸率(RR)分别为65.6、60.3和67.4次·min-1,与对照组相比(71.4次·min-1)差异极显著(P0.01);处理组的平均直肠温度(RT)分别为39.1、39.0和39.1与39.3℃,与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01)。此外,与对照组相比,添加RBE可以显著增加干物质采食量(处理组DMI,22.8、21.6和22.1 kg·d-1,对照组为20.9 kg·d-1,P0.05),极显著增加产奶量(处理组为34.2、33.4和32.4 kg·d-1,对照组为31.6 kg·d-1,P0.01)。各处理奶中蛋白质和脂肪的比例相似,与对照组相比,随着RBE水平的增加,乳蛋白含量也不断增加(分别为0.97、0.95和0.92 kg·d-1),与对照组相比(0.89 kg·d-1)差异极显著(P0.01)。乳脂含量也随着RBE的增加而增加(处理组为1.13、1.12和1.09 kg·d-1),与对照组相比(1.02 kg·d-1)差异显著(P0.05)。各处理组的饲料表观消化率和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度无显著差异(P0.05)。研究表明,添加RBE 0.25或0.5 g·kg-1可以减轻热应激对泌乳荷斯坦奶牛生产性能的消极影响。 相似文献
8.
《饲料博览》2015,(4)
试验用开心果壳中提取的不同量单宁酸处理豆粕(SBM)对荷斯坦公牛生产性能、血液代谢、瘤胃发酵及营养物质消化率的影响。试验选取体重256±63 kg荷斯坦公牛犊28头,随机分配到4个日粮处理组,每个处理组奶牛饲喂含定量DM 105 g·kg-1的全混合日粮(TMR),饲喂14周。豆粕经开心果提取浓缩物(PEC)处理,其中提取物干物质中含总酚111.4g·kg-1和总单宁71.3 g·kg-1,4个处理组分别在干物质基础上每100 kg SBM含PEC0(SBM-0)、5(SBM-5)、10(SBM-10)和15 kg(SBM-15)。每月收集血液样品,并在处理第83、85天收集瘤胃液样品。豆粕经PEC处理后对荷斯坦公牛的终体重和干物质采食量(DMI)无影响,但添加PEC线性增加了平均日增重(L,P=0.001)和饲料效率(L,P=0.001)。PEC线性降低了瘤胃氨态氮含量(L,P=0.02)和总原虫种群(L,P=0.002),但对瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)、个别VFA的浓度和p H没有影响(P0.05)。整个消化道营养物质的消化率和血液代谢产物不受PEC处理的影响,而随着PEC处理的增加,血浆中白蛋白和总蛋白的浓度呈线性增加(L,分别P=0.004和P=0.001)。结果表明,豆粕添加PEC降低了瘤胃氨态氮浓度和总原生动物群体,并提高了荷斯坦公牛的生长性能。 相似文献
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10.
[目的]以延胡索酸为试验材料,研究其对泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。[方法]选取24头产犊日期、胎次、产奶量、体重相同或相近的泌乳早期的中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,试验牛分成4组,每组6头,在日粮中分别添加富马酸0、40、80、120g/d。[结果]试验组的干物质采食量较对照组分别提高0.86、1.83和1.52kg/d;产奶量分别提高0.86、2.22和2.30kg/d;而粗脂肪的表观消化率分别提高2.88%、2.05%和3.82%;中性洗涤纤维的表观消化率分别提高0.48%、4.63%和5.26%;试验组的乳脂率、乳蛋白率和非脂固形物较对照组均有所提高,但是差异不显著（P〉0.05）,而乳中尿素氮较对照组有所下降（P〉0.05）;试验组奶牛血清中的乳酸与对照组相比分别降低10.34%、24.30%和8.66%,而血清中血糖、尿素氮、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、乳酸脱氢酶的浓度与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]奶牛日粮中添加富马酸,对动物机体内的脂肪、蛋白和能量代谢无明显影响,但可提高奶牛的干物质采食量及营养物质的表观消化率,提高生产性能,改善奶品质。 相似文献
11.
为研究植物蜕皮甾酮、大蒜提取物、苍术提取物、桑叶提取物和牛蒡子提取物对瘤胃体外发酵的影响,试验利用体外产气量法设对照组(未添加组)和5个试验组,每种植物提取物的添加水平为1.5%,测定了发酵24和48h的DM消化率以及发酵96h的发酵参数。结果显示:1)和对照组相比,各试验组24hDM消化率无显著性差异(P0.05),植物蜕皮甾酮和大蒜提取物组48h的DM消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);2)各植物提取物对96h产气量、理论最大产气量以及产气速率均无显著性影响(P0.05);3)各组之间pH无显著性差异(P0.05);植物蜕皮甾酮、桑叶提取物和苍术提取物组的NH3-N浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05);植物蜕皮甾酮和桑叶提取物显著降低了总挥发酸浓度(P0.05),而牛蒡子提取物显著提高了总挥发酸浓度(P0.05);各提取物均降低乙酸摩尔比,升高了丙酸的摩尔比,但差异不显著(P0.05)。添加上述提取物能够降低体外发酵NH3-N浓度、提高48hDM消化率,可以一定程度的改善瘤胃发酵模式。 相似文献
12.
Effects of formic acid and corn flour supplementation of banana pseudostem silages on nutritional quality of silage,growth, digestion,rumen fermentation and cellulolytic bacterial community of Nubian black goats 
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下载免费PDF全文 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding formic acid and corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages on the nutritional quality of these silages, growth, digestion, rumen fermentation and cellulolytic bacterial community of Nubian black goats fed these silages. Banana pseudostem silage was prepared either conventionally without any additives(CON) or mixed with 0.6% formic acid(F), 10% corn flour(C), or both(F+C). Four experimental diets containing 40% of the corresponding silages were designed with roughage to concentrate ratio of 50:50(dry matter(DM) basis). A total of 48 Nubian black castrated goats(body weight(BW),(22.64±1.82) kg; 4-mon-old) were randomized into one of the four treatment groups with 12 replicates of one castrated goat per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design. Each group was fed on one of the four experimental diets for 40 days. A factorial arrangement of treatments of 2(formic acid levels: 0 and 0.6%)×2(corn flour: 0 and 10%) was adopted. Formic acid supplementation increased(P0.05) average daily gain, as well as lactic acid, propionate and butyric acid and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations, but decreased(P0.05) the feed conversion rate, p H value, acetate/propionate ratio, and butyric acid concentration relative to the CON group. Corn flour supplementation increased(P0.05) the apparent digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrate and Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens populations, but decreased(P0.05) the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population relative to the CON group. There were no F×C treatment interactions(P0.05) for any of the other indices except for the apparent digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrate(NFC)(P0.05). The results demonstrated that adding 0.6% formic acid and 10% corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages improved the nutritional quality of these silages and enhanced the growth performance of Nubian black castrated goats by improving apparent nutrient digestibility, and regulating ruminal fermentation and bacteria populations. 相似文献
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【目的】研究饲粮中添加不同比例全株玉米青贮对杜湖杂交母羔生长性能、瘤胃发酵特性、养分消化率、血清生化代谢指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,为全株玉米青贮在肉羊产业中的推广利用提供科学依据。【方法】选择健康状况良好、体重相近（16±1.5）kg杜湖（杜泊羊♂×湖羊♀）杂一代断奶母羔羊72只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复3只羊。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂以花生秧作为粗饲料来源的基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组为试验组分别用20%、40%和60%（DM）全株玉米青贮代替基础饲粮中花生秧。试验共115 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期100 d,包括饲养试验90 d和消化代谢试验10 d。【结果】（1）与基础饲粮I组相比,Ⅲ组羊1—30 d日增重显著提高（P＜0.05）,且1—30 d、1—90 d料重比显著降低（P＜0.05）。（2）饲粮中添加全株玉米青贮可以改善试验羊瘤胃发酵。随着全株玉米青贮比例增加,试验羊瘤胃液中乙酸、丁酸比例及乙酸/丙酸显著降低（P＜0.05）,丙酸比例显著升高（P＜0.05）,Ⅳ组羊瘤胃液中氨态氮浓度显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P＜0.05）。（3）与I组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组干物质、总能表观消化率显著增加（P＜0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组有机物、氮表观消化率显著提高（P0.05）;粪氮排出量随着饲粮全株玉米青贮比例的增加显著降低（P＜0.05）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组粪氮排出量显著低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）;Ⅳ组尿氮排出量显著升高（P＜0.05）,使得Ⅳ组氮沉积率显著低于Ⅲ组（P＜0.05）。（4）Ⅲ组羊血清中葡萄糖浓度在90 d时显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ组（P＜0.05）。（5）Ⅲ组羊血清总抗氧化力在90 d时显著高于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,而丙二醛浓度显著低于Ⅰ组（P0.05）;Ⅳ组羊血清中超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在60 d和90 d时显著高于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）;Ⅳ组羊血清中免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M水平在60 d和90 d时显著高于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）,肿瘤坏死因子水平显著低于Ⅰ组（P＜0.05）。【结论】当饲粮中添加40%（DM）全株玉米青贮时,可以显著改善肉羊瘤胃发酵,提高养分消化率,增强肉羊的抗氧化能力和免疫功能,促进肉羊健康生长。 相似文献
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Jian-bo CHENG Cai-yun FAN Xian-zhi SUN Jia-qi WANG Nan ZHENG Xing-kai ZHANG Jun-jie QIN Xiu-min WANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(3):657-663
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Bupleurum extract(BE) on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and immune function in dairy cows under heat stress. Forty lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. The treatments consisted of 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 g of BE kg–1 dry matter. Supplementation with BE decreased(P0.05) blood urea nitrogen(BUN) contents and increased blood total protein(TP) and albumin(ALB) levels compared with control cows, but it had no effects(P0.05) on blood glucose(GLU), nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA), total triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C). Compared with control cows, cows fed BE had higher(P0.05) superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity. However, supplementation with BE had no effect(P0.05) on total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC) or malondialdehyde(MDA) levels. The immunoglobulin(Ig) A and G contents increased(P0.05) in cows fed 0.25 or 0.5 g of BE kg–1. Interleukin(IL)-2 and IL-4 levels were higher(P0.05) in cows fed 0.5 and 1.0 g of BE kg–1, and IL-6 was significantly elevated(P0.05) in cows fed 0.5 g of BE kg–1. There were no treatment effects(P0.05) on the CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte ratios, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, or tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) level among the groups. These findings suggest that BE supplementation may improve protein metabolism, in addition to enhancing antioxidant activity and immune function in heat-stressed dairy cows. 相似文献
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Effects of palm fat powder and coated folic acid on growth performance,ruminal fermentation,nutrient digestibility and hepatic fat accumulation of Holstein dairy bulls 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHANG Zhen LIU Qiang WANG Cong GUO Gang HUO Wen-jie ZHANG Yan-li PEI Cai-xia ZHANG Shuan-lin 《农业科学学报》2020,19(4):1074-1084
This study evaluated the effects of palm fat powder(PFP) and coated folic acid(CFA) on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, hepatic lipid content and gene expression in dairy bulls. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bulls((362±12.4) days of age and(483±27.1) kg of body weight(BW)) were assigned to four groups in a completely randomized design with a 2×2 factorial arrangements. Supplemental PFP(0 or 30 g PFP kg~(–1) dietary dry matter(DM)) and CFA(0 or 120 mg FA d~(–1) as CFA) were mixed into the top one-third of a total mixed ration. The study included a 20-day adaptation period and followed by a 90-day collection period. The lower(P0.01) feed conversion ratio with PFP or CFA addition resulted from the constant DM intake and the higher(P0.05) average daily gain. The higher(P0.05) ruminal p H, ether extract digestibility, microbial α-amylase activity, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens copy, and expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor α(PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase~(-1)(CPT1), and lower ruminal total volatile fatty acids(VFA) concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, neutral detergent fibre(NDF) digestibility, copies of total protozoa and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein~(-1)(SREBP1) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α(ACACA) were observed for PFP addition. Supplementation with CFA increased(P0.05) ruminal total VFA concentration, acetate to propionate ratio, digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and NDF, activity of cellobiase, pectinase and α-amylase, copies of selected microbial except for total protozoa, as well as expression of PPARα, but decreased(P0.05) ruminal p H, and expression of SREBP1 and ACACA. The PFP×CFA interaction(P0.05) was observed for ammonia N, hepatic TG content, and m RNA expression of CPT1 and FAS. There had no significant difference in hepatic TG content when CFA was supplemented in the diet without PFP addition, the lower(P=0.001) hepatic TG content was observed when CFA was supplemented in the diet with PFP addition. The higher(P0.05) m RNA expression of CPT1, and the lower(P0.05) m RNA expression of FAS and ammonia N concentration were observed when CFA was supplemented in diet either without or with PFP addition. The results indicated that supplementation of CFA in PFP diet was more effective on increasing hepatic CPT1 expression, and decreasing ammonia N, hepatic TG content and FAS expression than in diet without PFP. Supplementation with PFP or CFA improved growth performance of dairy bulls by promoting nutrient utilization, microbial enzyme activity, microflora, and hepatic gene expression. 相似文献
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Effect of dioscorea opposite waste on growth performance,blood parameters,rumen fermentation and rumen bacterial community in weaned lambs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 《农业科学学报》2023,22(6):1833-1846
This study investigated the effects of dioscorea opposite waste (DOW) on the growth performance, blood parameters, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota of weaned lambs. Sixty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs (male, (22.68±2.56) kg initially) were used as the experimental animals. Four levels of concentrate: 0 (control, CON), 10% (DOW1), 15% (DOW2) and 20% (DOW3), were replaced with DOW in the basal diet as experimental treatments. The results showed that lambs fed the DOW2 diet had a higher (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) than the other groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) among DOW groups in average daily weight gain (ADG), and replacing concentrate with DOW linearly or quadratically increased (P<0.05) the ADG, while lambs fed the DOW2 diet showed greater (P<0.05) ADG than the CON group. The relative plasma concentration of growth hormone (GH), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin were affected by DOW, replacing concentrate with DOW linearly or quadratically (P<0.05) enhanced the plasma concentration of GH, IGF-1 and insulin, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the DOW2 group than in the CON, DOW1 and DOW3 groups. In addition, the DOW treatment showed a lower (P<0.05) concentration of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than the CON group. Replacing concentrate with DOW quadratically decreased (P<0.05) the ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and increased (P<0.05) the total of volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) at 0 and 4 h after feeding as well as linearly decreased (P<0.05) the NH3-N at 8 h after feeding. Replacing concentrate with DOW linearly decreased (P<0.05) the propionate and increased the aceate before feeding, and linearly decreased (P<0.05) propionate and quadratically increased (P<0.05) the aceate at 4 and 8 h after feeding. Lambs fed the DOW2 diet increased the phylum Firmicutes and genera Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus_1 groups, whereas decreased (P<0.05) the relative abundance of phylum Deferribacteres and genera intestinimonas and Ruminiclostridium. In summary, replacing the concentrate with 15% DOW was beneficial for improving the rumen fermentation and ADG by increasing the DMI and modulating the rumen microbial community. 相似文献
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日粮不同NFC/NDF比对山羊瘤胃发酵与瘤胃微生物区系结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】探讨日粮中非纤维性碳水化合物/中性洗涤纤维（NFC/NDF）比对山羊瘤胃发酵、瘤胃细菌与瘤胃产乳酸菌菌群结构组成,以及瘤胃产乳酸菌、总细菌与大肠杆菌数量的影响。【方法】试验选用4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、健康阉割的长江珠三角白山羊,采用自身对照试验设计,共分3期进行,每期15 d,依次饲喂 NFC/NDF比值分别为0.42（Ⅰ期）、1.04（Ⅱ期）、2.73（Ⅲ期）的3期日粮,分别于第13、14和15天采集瘤胃内容物。采用PCR/DGGE（denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis）分析瘤胃微生物区系结构,采用real-time PCR定量瘤胃内容物中总菌、乳酸杆菌、牛链球菌与大肠杆菌数量。【结果】随日粮中NFC/NDF比值提高,瘤胃pH显著降低（P＜0.05）;瘤胃液中乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸、戊酸、异戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸（total violate fatty acid,TVFA）浓度均显著增加（P＜0.05）,而乙酸与丙酸比显著降低（P＜0.05）;DGGE图谱分析表明,来自NFC/NDF比值不同的瘤胃样品分别聚成一族;real-time PCR测定表明,随NFC/NDF比值提高,乳酸杆菌数量显著增加（P＜0.05）,总细菌数量显著下降（P＜0.05）,牛链球菌及大肠杆菌数量未发生显著变化（P＞0.05）。【结论】瘤胃发酵模式受日粮NFC/NDF比值的影响,随NFC/NDF比值增加,瘤胃发酵从乙酸型发酵转向丙酸型发酵;同时,瘤胃微生物区系组成发生改变,瘤胃细菌总量下降。 相似文献
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精料水平对小尾寒羊瘤胃代谢的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
6只 8月龄小尾寒羊公羊 (平均体重为 2 9.98kg)安装永久性瘤胃瘘管。采用对比试验设计 ,分 15 0g d、2 5 0g d、35 0g d、4 5 0g d四个混合精料水平。采集瘤胃液测定pH值、氨氮浓度和乙丙酸浓度。试验结果表明 :试羊瘤胃液平均pH值在 6 .4 8～ 6 .89范围内变动。随精料水平的提高 ,pH值下降 (P <0 .0 1)。瘤胃液平均氨氮浓度的变化范围为 2 1.6 8～ 30 .0 4mg 10 0ml,其浓度随精料水平的提高而增加 (P <0 .0 1)。随精料水平的提高 ,瘤胃液乙酸、丙酸摩尔浓度饲喂后峰值随时间点的推移有延迟的趋势。乙酸、丙酸浓度随饲喂精料水平的提高而增加 ,且差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。乙丙酸摩尔浓度比随精料水平的提高而下降 ,但不同精料水平间差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。 相似文献
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Long term effects of artificial rearing before weaning on the growth performance,ruminal microbiota and fermentation of fattening lambs 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 HUANG Wen-qin CUI Kai HAN Yong CHAI Jian-min WANG Shi-qin LÜ Xiao-kang DIAO Qi-yu ZHANG Nai-feng 《农业科学学报》2022,21(4):1146-1160
Early life intervention is important to shape the gut microbiome profiles of adult animals due to the tremendous alteration of diet components. Nevertheless, there is still no unified understanding about its long-term effects in lambs. In this study, sixty 20-day-old lambs were assigned into ewe-rearing (ER) and artificial-rearing (AR) treatments to evaluate the effects of AR strategy on ruminal microbiota, fermentation, and morphology of pre-weaning lambs (from 20 to 60 days of age) and its long-term effects in the fattening stage (from 61 to 180 days of age). During the pre-weaning stage, ER lambs were breastfed and supplemented starter, while AR lambs were artificially fed with milk replacer and starter. During the fattening stage, all lambs in both treatments were fed with the same fattening diets. At 60, 120 and 180 days of age, 6 lambs from each group were slaughtered to collect rumen content and tissue samples. Compared with ER lambs, the dry matter feed intakes of AR lambs increased (P<0.05) from 20 to 180 days of age, companying an increased average daily gain (ADG) from 61 to 120 days of age (P<0.05) and from 121 to 180 days of age (0.05<P<0.1). Although there was no difference in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate) between treatments before weaning (P>0.05), it was higher (P<0.05) in AR lambs compared with ER lambs at the fattening stage. The rumen keratin layer of AR lambs was thinner (P<0.05) than that of ER lambs. Along with lamb growth from 60 to 180 days of age, the differences in rumen bacterial diversity between AR and ER treatments grew more distinct (P<0.05). Compared with ER lambs, AR lambs increased (P<0.05) rumen bacteria abundance, such as phylum Spirochaetes and genus Treponema at 60 days of age, phylum Actinobacteria and genus Succiniclasticum at 120 days of age, and phylum Proteobacteria at 180 days of age, but decreased genus Selenomonas from 60 to 180 days of age, and Anaerovibrio at 180 days of age. In summary, the early interventions before weaning could improve dry matter feed intake of lambs, which triggered robust rumen development and produced positive long-term effects on rumen fermentation and noticeable weight gain of fattening lambs. It suggests that the artificial rearing strategy is effective in improving rumen fermentation and microbial maturity of intensive fattening lambs. 相似文献
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探讨黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和吸附剂对牦牛瘤胃发酵性能影响。采用2因素4水平完全正交试验,饲料中添加4个水平AFB1为20、40、60μg·kg-1、对照组,不同吸附剂处理:蒙脱石(MMT)50 g·头-1·d-1、酵母细胞壁提取物(YCW)50 g·头-1·d-1、MMT 25 g·头-1·d-1+YCW 25 g·头-1·d-1、对照组,测定瘤胃液p H、氨氮(NH3-H)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)等14个发酵指标及Fe、Cu、Mn等5种微量元素含量。结果表明,AFB1可降低牦牛瘤胃液p H、NH3-H、总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、戊酸浓度、微晶纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶活性、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Se含量(P0.01或P0.05),乙丙比升高(P0.01或P0.05)。3种吸附剂处理均不同程度降低乙丙比,提高总VFA、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及微生物蛋白(MCP)浓度、羧甲基纤维素酶活性,效应顺序为ⅡⅢⅠ,但仅YCW作用具有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。AFB1对牦牛瘤胃发酵具有抑制作用,浓度越高作用越大;随AFB1浓度增高,瘤胃液微量元素含量降低(P0.01或P0.05),可能存在吸附作用;3种吸附剂处理均可抑制AFB1对牦牛瘤胃微生物毒性,其中YCW效果较优。研究结果将为进一步探讨AFB1影响瘤胃发酵性能相关研究提供参考,为反刍动物饲料安全和吸附剂应用奠定基础。 相似文献