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小麦品种(系)对纹枯病抗性鉴定及抗病资源的筛选 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
室内苗期采用菌落上直播催芽麦粒法和田间连续 2年采用小麦粒砂土壤接菌法对25个小麦品种进行了抗纹枯病性鉴定。结果表明 ,品种间抗感性存在明显差异 ,室内和田间抗感性表现基本一致 ,田间两个年度间抗感性表现具有相对的稳定性。品种南阳82505、S048、荆麦66等 7个品种室内病级为1.03～1.50 ,田间相对抗病性指数为 0.40～0.79,两个年度均表现为中抗。 1998～2000年度共鉴定品种材料5.48份 ,抗性材料占17.9% ,其中湖北省94-5036、96-951等 11份区预试材料表现为中抗 ,占区预试鉴定材料总数的 20.8%。 相似文献
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水稻抗纹枯病苗期快速鉴定技术研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
以抗感反应不同的5个水稻品种为试验材料,在人工气候箱、控温室中进行水稻苗期抗纹枯病接种试验,并与田间相应的成株期抗性试验进行比较,研究水稻苗期快速鉴定技术。结果表明:85%的相对湿度为纹枯病菌侵染危害水稻苗期植株的适宜湿度;苗期5个水稻品种对纹枯病抗性差异极显著,可将其分为相对感病(Lemont、武育粳3号)和相对抗病(YSBR1、Jasmine85、特青)2大类;接种叶龄对发病程度有显著的影响,5个品种在四叶期接种时的平均病级显著高于五叶期接种的平均病级;苗期水稻品种间抗感差异小于田间鉴定试验结果,但两者间品种抗感趋势基本一致。苗期快速鉴定技术可用于大规模水稻品种(组合)的抗性筛选或初步鉴定。 相似文献
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为明确黄淮麦区主栽小麦品种对茎基腐病的抗性水平、不同抗性指标的相关性,以及茎杆和籽粒中镰刀菌毒素积累情况,在采用苗期茎基部滴注法和成株期混合播种法进行抗性鉴定的基础上,本研究还利用超高效液相色谱高分辨质谱联用技术,测定了小麦茎杆和籽粒中6种常见镰刀菌毒素的含量。结果表明,供试的20个小麦品种中,苗期抗病、中抗、感病和高感的分别有‘百农207'等4个、‘郑麦7698'等7个、‘周麦18'等 4个和‘矮抗58'等5个,分别占20%、35%、20%和25%。成株期表现抗病、中抗和感病的分别有‘周麦18'和‘中麦895'共2个、‘济麦23'等 8个和‘矮抗58'等 10个,分别占10%、40%和50%。抗性鉴定数据的统计分析发现,苗期和成株期抗性水平无显著相关性(P>0.05)。毒素检测结果表明,供试品种籽粒中均未检测到毒素,茎秆中均检测到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)及隐蔽型真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷(D3G),含量分别为4.03~17.65 mg·kg-1、0.09~1.28 mg·kg-1和1.93~16.82 mg·kg-1。根据研究结果,认为‘矮抗58'和‘郑麦7698'可作为感病和中抗对照品种。本研究结果为小麦茎基腐病抗性鉴定评价、抗性品种培育和利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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30个水稻品种抗稻曲病的田间抗性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过自然诱发与人工辅助接种相结合的方法,测定了30个湖南省主栽水稻品种对稻曲病的田间抗病性。结果表明,30个品种中,没有高抗品种,抗性品种有7个,占23.3%,中抗品种8个,占26.7%,中感品种11个,占36.7%,感病品种3个,占10%,高感品种1个,占3.3%。 相似文献
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本文报道萤光假单胞菌(fluorescent Pseudomas spp.) WCSX 13.WCS 417andWCS 358在水培系统中香石竹根部的定殖及其对香石竹镰刀菌枯萎病的抑制作用。细菌处理两周后,WCS 417在感病品种Lena和中抗品种Pallas根部的定殖分别为8.8×102cfu/cm和9.8×102cfu/cm,而WCS 358分别为0.9×102cfu/cm和0.13×102cfu/cm。在通气的三角瓶中水培的Pallas品种,人工接种病原菌香竹石尖镰孢Fusarium oxyspotum f.sp.dianthi (Prill.&Del.) Snyd.&Hans.(Fod)6周后,用WCSX·13和WCS 417根部处理的病指分别为0.19和0.31,未细菌处理的对照为0.58,细菌处理植株的根部及茎内组织的病原菌种群密度低于对照。营养膜技术(NFT)栽培的Lena品种,WCS 417细菌处理的发病率比对照减少13%。 相似文献
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连续 2年以土壤接菌的方式对 45个玉米自交系进行田间纹枯病抗病性鉴定 ,同时对自交系R15和R0 9盆栽于玉米第 6叶鞘接种纹枯病菌进行抗病性比较。结果表明 :自交系间抗感性存在明显差异 ,抗感性在两年度间的表现也存在明显差异 ,但单个自交系在两年度的抗感性表现具有相对稳定性 ,自交系R15的抗性强于R0 9。 45份材料中没有发现对纹枯病菌表现免疫的自交系 ,其中 ,高抗材料占所鉴定总数的2.2% ,中抗占 17.8% ,中感占55.6% ,高感24.4%。依相对抗病性指数 ,从中选出最抗的和最感的自交系各 3个 ,以利于今后做玉米抗纹枯病基因的遗传分析 相似文献
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棉花枯萎病菌镰刀菌酸的产生和致病力的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
镰刀菌酸是棉花枯萎病菌的次生代谢产物,对一种非特异性的毒素。为了探索棉花枯萎病原菌的镰刀菌酸产量与致病力的关系及不同棉花品种对镰刀菌酸的反应,本实验测定了10个新疆吐鲁番地区的菌株和20个内地的菌株,发现其产镰刀菌酸的数量多少与生理型无关.培养初期各菌株的镰刀菌酸产量与菌株的致病力有关.陆地棉的10个品种对镰刀菌酸的抗性与它们在生产中表现出对枯萎病的抗性一致. 相似文献
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Differentin vivo resistance/susceptibility levels of 14 carnation cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi race 2, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease of carnation, were also expressed in anin vitro system and assayed as the degree of fungal colonization of callus cultures at 20° C. Temperature influenced thein vitro expression of carnation resistance. An incubation temperature of 27° C increased the colonization of calli derived from both
the susceptible (‘Corrida’ and ‘Ambra’) and the resistant (‘Pulcino’ and ‘Pallas’) cultivars. At 15°C, the colonization of
calli derived from Pulcino and Pallas diminished significantly more than for Ambra and Corrida. Inhibition of fungal growth
on resistant calli was correlated to retardation in hyphal development. Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy
observations showed that hyphae did not penetrate into carnation cells. 相似文献
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Y. Ben-Yephet D. Shtienberg M. Reuven Y. Mor 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):3-12
The response of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars toFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi (F.o.d.) was evaluated in an artificially infested field from 1988/9 to 1991/2. Disease incidence was highly correlated with disease severity, indicating that disease incidence may be used to estimate the impact ofF.o.d. on the host. Based on the results, the following stepwise procedure was developed for characterizing the response of carnation cultivars toF.o.d. First, the general response of the tested cultivar was classified as resistant or susceptible on the basis of disease incidence values recorded 180 days after planting. Empirical analysis of the data revealed that a disease incidence level of 75% may be taken as a reliable cut-off point for separation of cultivars into the two groups. Within each group, cultivars were then subjected to a more explicit classification: in the resistant group the records of actual disease incidence were used for classification, while in the susceptible group the linear rearrangement of the disease progress curve was calculated according to the Gompertz function, and the value of the intercept was used for classification.Contribution No. 3539-E series, from the Agricultural Research Organization. 相似文献
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Fusarium wilt of basil (Ocimum basilicum), caused byFusarium oxysporum f.sp.basilici, is reported for the first time in Greece. Foliage inoculation of young plants resulted in a downward movement of the pathogen
to the crown and roots and 20–30% plant mortality. Of 14 commercial basil cultivars evaluated for possible disease resistance
using young plants, six out of eight large-leaved cultivars were found resistant, while all six small-leaved ones were susceptible.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Feb. 23, 2004. 相似文献
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大豆枯萎病菌尖孢镰孢遗传多样性及大豆品种抗性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
了解大豆枯萎病菌的群体遗传特征及明确大豆种质对大豆枯萎病的抗性,对抗病育种、抗性品种的合理布局以及制定更有效的病害防治策略具有重要的参考价值。本研究利用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD),对采自我国不同地区的大豆枯萎病菌—尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到10个多态性随机引物,共扩增出75条RAPD条带,其中55条为多态性条带,占73.3%。利用UPGMA法对DNA扩增图谱进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.68为阈值,55个分离物可分为9个遗传聚类组,表明我国大豆枯萎病菌具有丰富的种内遗传多样性,所划分的群体与分离物来源地不相关。同时,对上述分离物进行致病性分析,发现我国的大豆枯萎病菌具有明显的致病力分化现象。进一步利用3个代表性分离物对来自我国不同大豆产区的180个大豆品种(资源)进行抗大豆枯萎病鉴定,发现皖豆28、中黄13、中黄51、中作X08076和5D034等5个品种对大豆枯萎病具有良好抗性,占供试材料的2.8%,表明不同大豆品种对枯萎病的抗性存在一定的差异。 相似文献
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Fusarium oxysporum is a soil borne hyphomycete that causes vascular wilts in several crop plants. A variety of remedial measures such as the use of fungicides, soil amendments and biological antagonists have proved insufficient in controlling F. oxysporum. Ever since it was first reported in banana crop, the only effective control strategy known is planting of resistant cultivars. However, presumably due to the high mutation rates and rapid co-evolution with its host, Fusarium wilt has surmounted host defense barriers and has already begun infecting even the resistant Cavendish varieties that dominate export markets worldwide. Transgenic banana plants showing enhanced resistance to Fusarium wilt have been developed in recent past, but they remain largely confined to the laboratory. The importance of banana as source of food and income in developing countries world over and the need to develop Fusarium wilt tolerant cultivars by novel biotechnological approaches is detailed herein. In this communication, we review the biology and management of Fusarium wilt in banana with the aim of providing the baseline of information to encourage much needed research on integrated management of this destructive banana crop disease problem. 相似文献
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棉花抗枯萎病品种抗性稳定性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
病原学研究证明新疆哈密瓜花叶病主要由西瓜花叶病毒2号(WMV-2)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)、南瓜花叶病毒(SqMV)引起,大田发病以 WMV-2为主。研究证明 WMV-2的介体主要为麦二叉蚜、苜蓿蚜、桃蚜、伞形蚜,其次是麦长管蚜、叶虫甲。CMV 的介体有桃蚜、苜蓿蚜、伞形蚜。SqMV 的介体为叶(虫甲)。哈密瓜在田间感染病毒的时间与上述蚜虫开始迁飞的时间有相关性。有翅蚜的发生、消长与田间发病成正相关。6月份降雨量与病害发生,有翅蚜消长成反相关。据五家渠、昌吉等地区调查,WMV-2的自然寄主有蚕豆、豌豆、西葫芦,它们的发病时间比甜瓜早。 相似文献
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Celia Borrero Isabel Trillas Manuel Avilés 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(4):425-433
Fusarium wilt is now a major disease of carnation crops worldwide. Methyl bromide, which is used to remedy it, is environmentally
unsafe. An alternative approach integrated into biological control is to grow crops in suppressive media. Suppressiveness
of seven plant growth media to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi was evaluated in bioassays with carnation (Dianthus cariophyllus) cv. Medea. These media were: (1) grape marc compost, (2) cork compost, (3) olive oil husk + cotton gin trash composted and
mixed with rice husk, (4) spent mushroom compost mixed with peat, (5) coir fibre, (6) light peat and (7) vermiculite. In order
to look for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness indicators, growth medium pH and β-glucosidase activity were evaluated.
Furthermore, F. oxysporum populations were measured in plant growth media at the beginning and end of bioassays. The compost media showed a range of
suppressiveness in comparison with peat. Grape marc compost was the most effective plant growth medium in suppressing carnation
Fusarium wilt. On the other hand coir fibre, peat and vermiculite were conducive for this disease. β-glucosidase activity
and pH were positively correlated with disease severity as in other reports for tomato. Therefore, these two parameters are
good indicators for carnation Fusarium wilt suppressiveness, and possibly for other F. oxysporum pathosystems. All composts showed similar F. oxysporum populations at the end of the bioassays to peat and vermiculite. 相似文献
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Two diseases of adzuki bean, brown stem rot (BSR, caused by Cadophora gregata f. sp. adzukicola) and adzuki bean Fusarium wilt (AFW, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzukicola), are serious problems in Hokkaido and have been controlled using cultivars with multiple resistance. However, because a
new race of BSR, designated race 3, was identified, sources of parental adzuki bean for resistance to race 3 were needed.
Therefore, we examined 67 cultivars and lines of cultivated and wild adzuki bean maintained at the Tokachi Agricultural Experiment
Station using a root-dip inoculation method. Consequently, nine adzuki bean cultivars, one wild adzuki bean accession and
30 lines (including two lines resistant to all the three races of BSR and AFW) were confirmed to be resistant or tolerant
to race 3 of BSR, and we found a cultivar Akamame as well as a wild adzuki bean Acc2515 to be a new source for a resistance
gene to the race 3. This cultivar also holds promise as a source of resistance against other races of BSR and AFW. 相似文献
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Pisatin involvement in the variation of inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi spore germination by root exudates of Pisum spp. germplasm 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop) is one of the major constraints of pea worldwide. Its control is difficult and is mainly based on the use of resistant cultivars. This study aimed to identify and characterize resistance mechanisms interfering with Fop spore germination, as an additional pre‐penetration resistance mechanism little explored so far. For this, root exudates were collected from 12 pea accessions with differential responses to the disease, from resistant to susceptible, and their effects on Fop germination and growth were determined. While root exudates from most accessions stimulated Fop germination, the root exudates of three accessions, JI 1412, JI 2480 and P42, did not stimulate, or even inhibited, Fop germination. Although some additional compounds might be involved, the analysis showed that the most active metabolite was the pea phytoalexin pisatin. Pisatin was identified in the active fraction of pea root exudate extracts and its amount in the root exudates was negatively correlated with the extent of Fop germination. This suggests an important role of pisatin in the constitutive defence of pea against F. oxysporum. 相似文献
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G. J. Niemann R. P. Baayen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(6):289-301
Three carnation cultivars were investigated for the effect of stem inoculation withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi on production of phenolic compounds and on fungistatic activity. Carnation stems were characterized by a complex mixture of cell wall-bound phenolics, several of which occurred in considerable amounts. Only very low amounts of phenolic compound were present in the vacuoles.Infection withF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi induced the production and accumulation of a number of new compounds, both free in the cell sap and bound to the cell wall. In addition, the stem extracts acquired germination-inhibiting properties for conidia of the fungus. The accumulation of several phenolics and the fungistatic activity were roughly correlated to the degree of resistance of the three cultivars. Part of the differences in their resistance toF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi might be due to an inhibition of the conversion of phenolic acid-type precursors into phytoalexins in the more susceptible cultivars.Samenvatting Drie anjercultivars werden onderzocht op de effecten van stengelinoculatie metFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi op de produktie van fenolische verbindingen en op de fungistatische activiteit van stengelextracten. Anjerstengels bleken een complex mengsel van celwand-gebonden fenolzuren te bevatten, waarvan er verschillende in vrij grote hoeveelheden voorkwamen. Daartegenover waren de hoeveelheden fenolische verbindingen in de vacuole bij gezonde anjerstengels erg laag.Infectie metF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi induceerde de produktie en accumulatie van een aantal nieuwe verbindingen in het celsap, alsook gebonden aan de celwand. Tevens bleek de remming van de kieming van conidiën vanF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi onder invloed van deze stengelextracten sterk verhoogd, in vergelijking met de remming veroorzaakt door extracten van gezonde stengels. De accumulatie van een aantal fenolen en de verhoging van de fungistatische activiteit van de extracten waren in grote lijnen gecorreleerd met de uit de praktijk bekende resistentie van de drie cultivars. De verschillen in resistentie tegenF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi zouden deels kunnen berusten op remming van de omzetting van precursors (fenolzuren) in fytoalexinen in de meer vatbare cultivars. 相似文献